Nkhumba za ku Guinea ndizodziwika bwino pakati pa ana - makoswe okongola oweta kukula kwa kalulu wamphongo kapena mwana wagalu. Komabe, pakati pa akuluakulu, palinso mafani ambiri a cavey (nkhumba zazing'ono) - ndi zomwe abusa nthawi zambiri amawatcha ziweto zawo.
Anzake odabwitsa, odzichepetsa kwambiri ndipo amatha kupikisana pakukopa ndi amuna okongola - amphaka kapena agalu amthumba, nkhumba zazing'ono zimatha kukumbukira osati dzina lawo lokha, komanso magulu ambiri.
Kodi nkhumba ndi ndani?
Chiyambi ndi kuweta kwa makoswewa kwakhala ndi mbiri yakalekale.... Amakhulupirira kuti adayamba kuwuma kale ngati zaka za 5th BC. Ku South America. Mitundu ina imalambira nkhumba, ina idagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya: Nyama ya Cavi imawerengedwa kuti ndiyabwino komanso imakonda nyama ya kalulu. Ku Peru, nkhumba zazing'ono zimapezekabe m'malesitilanti ambiri.
Ziweto zabwino, zomwe zimalephera kudziteteza, zinali zosavuta kuzidya. Koma mawonekedwe awo achilendo adagonjetsa atsamunda, omwe adayamba kuitanitsa nyama zoseketsa ku Europe. Posakhalitsa, ngakhale mafumu adapeza nkhumba, ndipo pakati pa obereketsa, ntchito yayikulu idayamba kubereketsa mitundu yatsopano.
Pali kutsutsana kwakukulu pakati pa asayansi za dzina la mbewa, chifukwa nyamazo sizingasambire, ndizoyera komanso zimangodya zokolola zokha. Pali matembenuzidwe ambiri, ambiri mwa iwo ndikuti dzinali limachokera pachidule cha mawu oti "kutsidya kwa nyanja", kutanthauza kuti, ochokera kumayiko akunja.
Banja la mbewa limatchedwa kuti nkhumba, mwachidziwikire chifukwa chamaphokoso omwe nyama zimakonda kupanga: nthawi zambiri amang'ung'udza, ngakhale amadziwa kung'ung'udza, kulira, mluzu komanso kutsanzira mbalame zina. Ndi khosi lalifupi, kukula kwa thupi, kapangidwe ka mutu, amafanana kwambiri ndi ana ang'onoang'ono.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakati pa mitunduyo pali mitundu, oimira ena, mwachitsanzo, Kui wa ku Peru, amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 45 ndikulemera mpaka 4 kg. Koma nkhumba zotchuka kwambiri sizikhala zoposa 1 kg, kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 35 cm.
Masiku ano, ndi nkhumba zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalimbikitsidwa ngati ziweto zoyambirira kwa ana achikulire omwe sanapite kusukulu komanso ophunzira kusekondale. Mofanana ndi zoseweretsa zofewa, sizimafunikira chisamaliro ndi kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, komabe, zimapangitsa anawo kumva kuti ali ndi udindo paumoyo ndi "m'bale wocheperako".
Amaphunzira kusamalira zamoyo, kuti alumikizane nawo. Makolo ngati amenewo safunikira kuyenda ndi chiweto chawo kawiri pa tsiku, kutsuka milu ndi madontho osatha, kudikirira zodabwitsanso atabwerera kunyumba ali ngati nsalu zotchinga ndi zovala ndi nsapato.
Ndi nkhumba zingati zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi
Kutalika kwa moyo wa chiweto ndi nkhani yosafunikira kuposa momwe amadyera komanso njira zokulera. Ndiponsotu, palibe amene akufuna kuvulaza mwana ndi imfa ya chiweto chake.
Ndipo pankhaniyi, nkhumba ndi abwenzi oyenera - kutengera momwe akumangidwa, amatha kukhala zaka 5 mpaka 10. Nthawi zina nkhumba zimamva bwino ngakhale zili ndi zaka 12, koma izi ndizochepa. Guinness Book of Records imaphatikizapo nkhumba yomwe yakhala zaka 15. Mkhalidwe woyenera wosunga ndi kudyetsa umathandizira kukulitsa moyo wa chiweto cha banjali (ndipo nthanga idzakhala imodzi) kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mtundu
Mpaka mitundu 50 ya nkhumba imadziwika, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula, mtundu ndi kapangidwe kake (kale nkhumba zilibe ubweya). Nthawi zina mtunduwo umakhudza moyo wa nyama.
Skinny ndi Baldwin opanda tsitsi amakhala zaka 5 mpaka 8, nthawi yomwe imadziwika kuti nkhumba zina, kwa iwo, malire. Poyamba, anali ndi moyo wochepa kwambiri. Atasowa tsitsi, nkhumbazo zinali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, chimazizira mosavuta ndikufa.
Zofunika! Kudzisamalira mosamala nkofunika kuti nkhumba zamtundu uliwonse zizikhala zosangalatsa komanso zogwira ntchito.
Koma ntchito za obereketsa sizinapite pachabe, lero oimira opanda nkhumba, okhala mndende, amakhala nthawi yayitali. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndikutentha kwam'mlengalenga kopanda ma drafti ndikutsika kuchokera madigiri 22 mpaka 24.
Mpaka zaka 6, nkhumba zachilendo zaku Abyssinian zimakhala, zomwe zimatchedwa rosette chifukwa cha kukula kwatsitsi... M'madera ena, ubweya umakula mu rosettes, ndikamakhalapo, nkhumba imakhala yamtengo wapatali. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuzipanga, zofunikira zimaperekedwa ngakhale pamasamba omwe ali ndi "zotengera".
Nyamazi ndizokonda kwambiri anthu. Ngati sizingatheke kukhala nawo nthawi yayitali, muyenera kusungabe nkhumba zingapo kuti zisatope. Kupsinjika, kudya kwakanthawi, kusintha kwa kutentha kumatha kupititsa patsogolo imfa ya chiweto.
Nkhumba zosalala bwino zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 8. Ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zokhala ndi mitundu yosakanikirana yoyera ndi yamkaka yoyera, mawonekedwe amphaka a Siamese, ma brindle, owoneka (Dalmatians) mpaka zonona za monochromatic, zofiirira, zakuda ndi zoyera.
Nkhumba za Rex Royal Guinea Guinea zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 7. Mwinanso, ndi mbewa zosazolowereka kwambiri: tsitsi lokhala ndi waya, lopindika, tsitsi mpaka masentimita 2. Tsitsi silimamatira mwamphamvu thupi, zikuwoneka kuti Rexiki adavala zovala zaubweya wa astrakhan.
Mitundu yayitali imakhala zaka 7-8, nthawi zina kuposa ena. Izi mwina chifukwa cha chisamaliro chokwanira. Ubweya, womwe umatsikira kumtunda ndi chovala, umawala, kutengeka pang'ono, kumapangitsa nkhumba kuwoneka ngati Pekingese, nthawi zambiri amadula tsitsi ndi makongoletsedwe, kumangirira mauta, kukongoletsa ubweya ndi zikhomo zaubweya ndi zipilala, kupukuta ndikusamba pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, kupaka pang'ono mafuta a vitamini kuti asunge kukongola kwa tsitsi kuphimba, kuwerengera zakudya kuti nyama zachilendo zikhale ndi mavitamini ndi michere yokwanira.
Njala yabwino, kuyesedwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala, kulumikizana pafupipafupi ndi eni ake ndikuyenda mozungulira nyumbayo, kuthamanga mumayendedwe kapena pagudumu, kusambira - zonsezi zithandizira nkhumba kukhalabe mawonekedwe ake ndikukhala bwino kwa zaka zambiri.
Momwe mungakulitsire moyo wa nkhumba
Mwini chiweto chilichonse amafuna kuti azikhala pafupi momwe angathere. Kodi nkhumba ingakhale ndi moyo wautali? Kakudya kamene kamasankhidwa moyenera, kumakhala bwino komanso kuyandikira chilengedwe, nthawi yochulukirapo ndi mwiniwake adzakhala ndi kulumikizana kwathunthu.
Chisamaliro Choyenera
Nkhumba imafuna "nyumba" yotakasuka (khola, aquarium kapena chidebe). Kukula kocheperako ndi 50 x 20 cm kwa mbewa yachinyamata. Kukula kwa khola, chiweto chanu chimakhala chathanzi komanso chosangalatsa. Ndibwino kuti mutseke pansi pazodzaza, koma utuchi ndiwonso woyenera, womwe umayamwa zinyalala bwino. Nyamazi ndizoyera kwambiri, chifukwa sizikhala zovuta kuwaphunzitsa kupita kuchimbudzi pamalo ena, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuyeretsa tsiku lililonse kuposa kusintha zinyalala zonse.
Zofunika! Simuyenera kutsatira njira zamadzi ngati nyumbayo ili yozizira, nkhumba zimagwira chimfine mosavuta ndikumwalira ndi chibayo mkati mwa masiku 1-2.
"M'chipinda" choyikidwa nkhumba, payenera kukhala zoseweretsa (labyrinths, gudumu momwe amatha kuyendamo momasuka), wodyetsa komanso mbale yakumwa. Mwachisangalalo, nkhumba imathamanga mozungulira nyumbayo: ndikofunikira kutulutsa mchikwere mobwerezabwereza kuti izitambasula zikhomo zake, ndi kutentha m'manja mwa mwini wake wokondedwa, kusewera naye.
Nkhumba sizimakonda kusamba, koma ngati kuli kotheka, mutha kusamba nyama mu chidebe chodzaza madzi ndi kutentha kwa madigiri osachepera 32, kenako ndikuyipukuta ndi chopukutira kapena chopangira tsitsi, ndikupesa. Nkhumba zazitali nthawi zambiri zimasekedwa tsiku lililonse, ndizotheka kangapo patsiku, ngati njirayi ndiyabwino kwa nyama ndi mwini wake. Atsitsi opanda zingwe amapetedwa kawiri pa sabata, tsitsi losalala ndilokwanira kamodzi pamwezi. Zikhadabo zimadulidwa momwe zingafunikire, nthawi zambiri kamodzi pamiyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Sabata iliyonse, kuyeretsa kwathunthu kumayenera kuchitika mu khola, kutsuka dothi lonse kuchokera kumakona, kukonza malo, kutsuka zoseweretsa, zoperekera chakudya ndi mbale zakumwa tsiku lililonse. Malamulo osavuta awa amathandiza kupewa matenda ambiri, omwe amachititsa mabakiteriya omwe amaberekana m'zinyalala zamtundu uliwonse. Njira zaukhondo zithandizira kuphunzitsa mbewa za mayeso, zomwe zithandizanso kupewa mavuto azaumoyo.
Chakudya choyenera
Ma Cavies amakonda kudya tirigu, udzu, udzu wobiriwira ndi masamba. Koma chinthu chilichonse chatsopano m'zakudyacho chiyenera kuperekedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kuti mupewe zovuta m'mimba. Simuyenera kudyetsa mbewa ndi mkaka komanso zopaka mkaka, izi zimayambitsa m'mimba kukwiya. Mulimonsemo musapereke masamba ndi zipatso zowola, maswiti.
Zofunika! Kuti mubwezeretse malo osungira calcium mu khola, muyenera kuyika choko, momwe nkhumba imatha kutsuka mano.
Payenera kukhala pali madzi oyera nthawi zonse pakumwa, kawiri pa sabata mutha kuwonjezera mavitamini amadzi kuti mukhale ndi thanzi. Ndikofunikira kuphunzitsa nyamayo kudya nthawi yomweyo m'mawa komanso madzulo kuti muchotse chakudya chomwe simunadye mukatha kudya. Kudyetsa mbewa ndi koopsa - kunenepa kwambiri kukukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimafala kwambiri pakukula kwa matenda amtima, mafupa, komanso kufa msanga kwa nyama.
Kupewa matenda
Nkhunda iyenera kupatsidwa katemera woyenera, kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iyenera kuyesedwa ndi veterinarian. Ndiye amene angakuuzeni njira yabwino yodyetsera phala, mavitamini ndi michere yofunikira pamsinkhu winawake. Matenda am'kamwa, mano, ndi maso omwe amadziwika koyambirira amachiritsidwa mosavuta.
Ngati mwinimundawo sanazindikire zizindikiro zowopsa, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kupulumutsa chiweto.... Kuvuta kupuma, kugwidwa, kusokonezeka, machitidwe achilendo, kupsa mtima kapena kusafuna kusuntha - zonsezi ziyenera kupangitsa eni ake kukhala tcheru, osawonetsa nyama kwa veterinarian kuti apulumutse moyo wake.
Chisamaliro choyenera, kutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro a akatswiri, kutsatira chakudya chamagulu, kukonda ndi kusamalira chiweto chanu kumathandizira kuti moyo wa nkhumba uzikhala wautali momwe ungathere.
