Manatee ndi nyama yayikulu yam'madzi yokhala ndi mutu wooneka ngati dzira, zipsepse, ndi mchira wolimba. Amadziwikanso kuti ng'ombe yam'nyanja. Dzinali linaperekedwa kwa chinyamacho chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, kuchepa kwake komanso zosavuta kugwira. Komabe, ngakhale ali ndi dzina, ng'ombe zam'nyanja ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi njovu. Ndi nyama yayikulu komanso yosakhwima yomwe imapezeka m'madzi ndi mitsinje ya kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States, Caribbean, kum'mawa kwa Mexico, Central America, ndi North South America.
Kufotokozera kwa manatee
Malinga ndi katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Poland, ng'ombe zam'nyanja poyamba zinkakhala pafupi ndi chilumba cha Bering kumapeto kwa 1830.... Manatee amakhulupirira asayansi adziko lapansi kuti asintha kuchokera kuzinyama zamiyendo inayi zopitilira zaka 60 miliyoni zapitazo. Kupatula manatees a Amazonia, zikopa zawo zokhala ndi zikopa zili ndi zala zazikulu, zomwe ndi zotsalira za zikhadabo zomwe anali nazo pamoyo wawo wapadziko lapansi. Wachibale wawo wapamtima kwambiri ndi njovu.
Ndizosangalatsa!Manatee, yemwenso amadziwika kuti ng'ombe yam'nyanja, ndi nyama yayikulu yam'madzi yopitilira mamitala atatu ndipo imatha kulemera kupitirira tani. Ndiwo nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala m'madzi pafupi ndi Florida (ena adawonedwa kumpoto monga North Carolina m'miyezi yotentha).
Ali pamtundu wa nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha chifukwa chakuchedwa kwawo komanso kunyengerera kwambiri anthu. Manatee nthawi zambiri amadya maukonde omwe adayikidwa pansi, ndichifukwa chake amafa, komanso amatengera masamba amkati. Chomwe chimachitika ndikuti manatee amayenda pansi, akudya algae wapansi. Pakadali pano, amaphatikizana bwino ndi malowa, ndichifukwa chake samawoneka, komanso samamva bwino pafupipafupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziteteza ku bwato lomwe likuyandikira.
Maonekedwe
Kukula kwa manatee kumakhala pakati pa 2.4 mpaka 4 mita. Kulemera kwa thupi kumakhala pakati pa 200 mpaka 600 kilogalamu. Ali ndi michira ikuluikulu yamphamvu yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito yosambira. Manatee nthawi zambiri amasambira pamtunda wa pafupifupi 8 km / h, koma ngati kuli kotheka, amatha kuthamanga mpaka 24 km / h. Maso a nyama ndi ochepa, koma maso ndiabwino. Ali ndi nembanemba yapadera yomwe imakhala ngati chitetezo chapadera cha mwana ndi iris. Makutu awo ndiabwino, ngakhale kusowa khutu lakunja.
Mano amodzi a Manatee amatchedwa ma molars oyenda. Kwa moyo wonse, amasinthidwa nthawi zonse - kusinthidwa. Mano atsopano amakula kumbuyo, akukankhira akale kutsogolo kwa dentition. Chifukwa chake chilengedwe chimathandizira kusintha pazakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba owuma. Manatee, mosiyana ndi zinyama zina, ali ndi mafupa asanu ndi limodzi a chiberekero. Zotsatira zake, sangathe kutulutsa mutu wawo padera ndi thupi, koma kutsegula thupi lawo lonse.
Algae, photosynthetic zamoyo, nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pakhungu la manatees. Ngakhale kuti nyamazi sizingakhale pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi zopitilira 12, sizikhala nthawi yayitali pamtunda. Manatee sayenera kupuma mpweya nthawi zonse. Akasambira, amangomata nsonga ya mphuno zawo pamwamba pamadzi kwa mpweya pang'ono kwa mphindi zingapo. Popuma, manatees amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi mpaka mphindi 15.
Moyo, machitidwe
Manatee amasambira okha kapena awiriawiri. Sindiwo nyama zakutchire, chifukwa chake safunikira utsogoleri kapena otsatira. Ng'ombe zam'nyanja zikamasonkhana m'magulu - nthawi yayitali, nthawi yakumera yafika kapena adasonkhanitsidwa ndi mlandu m'dera lomwelo lotenthedwa ndi dzuwa ndi chakudya chochuluka. Gulu la manatee limatchedwa gulu. Kuphatikiza, monga lamulo, sikukula kuposa nkhope zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Amasamukira kumadzi ofunda nyengo ikasintha chifukwa satha kupirira kutentha kwamadzi pansi pa 17 digiri Celsius ndipo amakonda kutentha kuposa 22 madigiri.
Manatee amakhala ndi kagayidwe kakang'ono, chifukwa chake madzi ozizira amatha kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyama zina zikhale zotentha. Zolengedwa zomwe amakonda kuchita, nthawi zambiri amasonkhana akasupe achilengedwe, pafupi ndi malo opangira magetsi, ngalande ndi maiwe nthawi yozizira, ndikubwerera kumalo omwewo chaka chilichonse.
Kodi manatee amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
M'zaka zisanu, anyamata achichepere amakhala okhwima pogonana ndipo amakhala okonzeka kukhala ndi ana awo. Ng'ombe zam'nyanja nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka 40.... Koma palinso omwe ali ndi ziwopsezo zazitali omwe apatsidwa mwayi wokhala m'dziko lino mpaka zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Manatee achikazi ndi achimuna amakhala ndi zosiyana zochepa. Amasiyana kukula kokha, mkazi amakhala wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa wamwamuna.
Mitundu yamanatees
Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu ya ng'ombe zam'nyanja za manatee. Awa ndi manatee aku Amazonia, West Indian kapena American and manatee. Mayina awo akuwonetsa madera omwe amakhala. Mayina apachiyambi amamveka ngati Trichechus inunguis, Trichechus manatus, Trichechus senegalensis.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Nthawi zambiri, anyaniwa amakhala munyanja, mitsinje ndi nyanja m'mphepete mwa nyanja zamayiko angapo. Manatee aku Africa amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'mitsinje ya West Africa. Amazoni amakhala mumtsinje wa Amazon.
Kugawidwa kwawo kuli pafupifupi 7 miliyoni ma kilomita, malinga ndi International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN.) Malinga ndi IUCN, manatee aku West Indian amakhala kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa United States, ngakhale, monga mukudziwa, anthu angapo otaika afika ku Bahamas.
Zakudya zamankhwala
Manatee ndi okhawo odyetsa nyama. Panyanja, amakonda udzu wam'nyanja. Akakhala m'mitsinje, amasangalala ndi madzi am'madzi abwino. Amadyanso ndere. Malinga ndi National Geographic, nyama yayikulu imatha kudya gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a kulemera kwake m'maola 24. Pafupifupi, izi zimakhala pafupifupi makilogalamu 60 a chakudya.
Kubereka ndi ana
Mukakwatirana, nyani wamkazi, yemwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ng'ombe ndi "anthu", amatsatiridwa ndi amuna khumi ndi awiri kapena kupitilira apo, omwe amatchedwa ng'ombe zamphongo. Ng'ombe zamphongo zimatchedwa gulu lokwanira. Komabe, mwamuna akangomupatsa umuna mkazi, amasiya kutenga nawo gawo pazomwe zimachitika pambuyo pake. Mimba ya nyamayi imakhala pafupifupi miyezi 12. Mwana, kapena khanda, amabadwira m'madzi, ndipo mapasa ndi osowa kwambiri. Mayiyo amathandiza mwana wa ng'ombe "wakhanda" kuti afike pamwamba pamadzi kuti apume pang'ono. Kenako, pa ola loyamba la moyo, mwanayo amatha kusambira payekha.
Manatee si nyama zokondana; samapanga maubwenzi okhazikika ngati mitundu ina ya nyama. Pakaswana, yaikazi imodzi imatsatiridwa ndi gulu la amuna khumi ndi awiri kapena kupitilira apo, ndikupanga gulu loswana. Amawoneka kuti amabala mosasamala panthawiyi. Komabe, msinkhu wazaka zina zam'magulu atha kutenga nawo mbali pobereka bwino. Ngakhale kubereka ndi kubereka kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka, asayansi akuwona ntchito yayikulu kwambiri m'nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nthawi zoberekera m'manatees ndizotsika. Zaka zakukhwima kwa akazi ndi abambo pafupifupi zaka zisanu. Pafupifupi, "ng'ombe" imodzi imabadwa zaka ziwiri kapena zisanu zilizonse, ndipo mapasa amapezeka. Nthawi zoberekera zimayamba kuyambira zaka ziwiri mpaka zisanu. Nthawi yazaka ziwiri imatha kuchitika mayi atataya mwana atangobadwa.
Amuna alibe udindo wolera mwana. Amayi amadyetsa ana awo chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, chifukwa chake amakhalabe odalira amayi awo panthawiyi. Ana obadwa kumene amadyetsa m'madzi kuchokera kumatenda omwe ali kuseri kwa zipsepse zachikazi. Amayamba kudyetsa zomera patangotha milungu ingapo atabadwa. Ana ang'onoang'ono a manatee amatha kusambira pamtunda pawokha ndipo amatha kutulutsa mawu kapena atangobadwa kumene.
Adani achilengedwe
Kulowerera kwa anthu kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kufa kwa manatee, kuphatikizapo nyama zolusa komanso zochitika zachilengedwe. Chifukwa zimayenda pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, sitima zapamadzi ndi zoyendetsa ndege zitha kuzikhudza, ndikuvulala komanso kufa mosiyanasiyana. Mizere, maukonde ndi zibambo zokhala ndi ndere komanso udzu ndizowopsa.
Nyama zowopsa nyama zoyambilira zazing'ono ndi ng'ona, nsombazi ndi anyani. Zachilengedwe zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa nyama zimaphatikizapo kupsinjika kozizira, chibayo, red red, ndi matenda am'mimba. Manatee ndi nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha: nkoletsedwa kuzisaka, "zokonda" zilizonse izi zimalangidwa ndi lamulo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN wa Mitundu Yowopsya umatchula ma manatee onse kuti ali pachiwopsezo kapena ali pachiwopsezo chotayika. Chiwerengero cha nyama izi chikuyembekezeka kutsika ndi 30% ina pazaka 20 zikubwerazi. Zambiri ndizovuta kwambiri kuzifufuza, makamaka pamitengo yamanatee achi Amazonia obisika mwachilengedwe.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ma manatee okwanira 10,000 ayenera kuwonedwa mosamala popeza kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chotsimikizika ndikocheperako. Pazifukwa zofananira, nambala yeniyeni ya manatee aku Africa sichidziwika. Koma kuyerekezera kwa IUCN kuli ochepera 10,000 a iwo ku West Africa.
Manatee aku Florida, komanso oimira Antilles, adalembedwa mu Red Book mmbuyo mu 1967 ndi 1970. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa anthu okhwima sikunapitirire 2500 pa subspecies iliyonse. Kwa mibadwo iwiri ikubwerayi, pafupifupi zaka 40, anthu adatsika ndi 20% ina. Kuyambira pa Marichi 31, 2017, ma manatee aku West Indian adatsitsidwa kuyambira pangozi mpaka pangozi chabe. Kukula konsekonse kwakukhazikika kwa malo okhala zachilengedwe za manatee komanso kuchuluka kwa kuberekana kwa anthu kumabweretsa kuchepa kwazowonongeka.
Malinga ndi FWS, 6,620 Florida ndi 6,300 Antilles manatee pakadali pano amakhala kuthengo. Dziko lapansi lero likuzindikira bwino zomwe zachitika pakupulumutsa ziweto zapadziko lonse lapansi. Koma sanalandirebe bwinobwino mavuto amoyo ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Chimodzi mwazifukwa za izi ndikutulutsa pang'onopang'ono kwa manatees - nthawi zambiri kusiyana pakati pa mibadwo kumakhala zaka 20. Kuphatikiza apo, asodzi omwe akudutsa pakati pa Amazon ndi West Africa ndiwowopsa kwa nyama zoyenda pang'onopang'ono. Poaching imasokonezanso. Kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala chifukwa chakukula kwa gombe kumachita zoyipa.
