Neapolitan Mastiff, yemwenso amadziwika kuti Napoletano Mastino (Mastino Naroletano), ndiye mtundu wakale kwambiri wa agalu. Poyamba, Neapolitan Mastiff anali wotchuka makamaka kumwera kwa Apennine Peninsula.
Mbiri ya komwe kunachokera
Mastiffs ndi mbadwa za galu wakale womenyera... Agalu oterewa adatenga nawo gawo pankhondo, komanso mabwalo ku Roma wakale pozunza nyama zakutchire. Mastiffs oyambilira adagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, ngati agalu olondera omwe amasungidwa ndi anthu wamba, chifukwa chake kuswana kwa mtunduwu kumatha kukhala kwachisokonezo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pa chiwonetsero cha 1946 cha Pietro Scanziani, agalu asanu ndi atatu adaperekedwa omwe anali ndi mawonekedwe angapo, oyenera kuswana kuti akhazikitse kufanana.
Chifukwa cha kusankha kosankhidwa, kochitidwa ndi Skanziani, wamwamuna wachitsanzo chabwino adapezeka, kunja kwake kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera mtundu woyamba wa mitundu. Komabe, njira yoberekera pakalibe kutsimikizika kwakuthupi kapena magwiridwe antchito, idakhala chifukwa chazodziwika zakuweruza mtunduwo pazowonetsa.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti nyama ziziyenda bwino "mopitirira muyeso" ndikusintha mawonekedwe a mastiff. Mulingo womaliza womaliza unakhazikitsidwa zaka 15 zapitazo.
Kufotokozera kwa Neapolitan Mastiff
Agalu amtundu wa Mastino Napoletano ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, komanso fupa lamphamvu komanso minofu yolimba.
Maonekedwe
Malinga ndi gulu la FCI - Mastiffs ali mgulu lachiwiri, gawo 2.1 ndi mtundu wa Mastiff. Kutalika kwa galu wamtundu uwu pofota ndi 65-75 cm, ndipo hule lili mkati mwa 60-68 masentimita, wokhala ndi makilogalamu 60-70 ndi 50-60 kg, motsatana. Kupatuka pamitengo yakukula kuphatikiza kapena kuchotsera 25 mm ndikololedwa. Nyama yotere imakhala ndi nkhanza komanso yamphamvu, malamulo okhwima, komanso mtundu winawake.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ndi mtundu wa mawonekedwe ake, Neapolitano Mastino ndi galu wolemera kwambiri, yemwe ali ndi thupi lodziwika bwino, lalikulu, lotakata komanso lalikulu.
Kapangidwe ka galu wotereyu ndi ogwirizana modabwitsa, ngakhale ali ndi kukula kodabwitsa. Galu amawoneka wokongoletsa mbiri. Khungu siliyenera kulumikizana mokwanira ndi thupi, koma likapachikidwa, mapangidwe apadera kwambiri amapangidwa, kuphimba thupi lonse. Kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe akuya kumatchulidwa pamutu ndi m'khosi, pomwe pamakhala mame owoneka bwino.
Mtundu wa malaya ndi utoto
Khungu la Mastino Neapolitano ndilolimba komanso lambiri, laulere padziko lonse lapansi... Chovala chachifupi, chosalala komanso chosalala ndichofanana monsemo, komanso chimadziwika bwino ndi yunifolomu yosalala ndi kunyezimira. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa malaya ndi 15 mm, osachita nthenga. Monga lamulo, pang'ono za mtunduwu zimakhala ndi malaya ocheperako.
Mitundu yakuda, yakuda ndi yotsogola imakonda, koma mitundu yofiirira, yofiira komanso yosalala imafunikanso kwambiri. Zolemba zazing'ono zoyera paminwe ndi pachifuwa ndizololedwa. Mitundu yonse imatha kugawidwa ngati ma brindle ndi hazel, imvi ndi isabella tones.
Miyezo ya ziweto
Gulu la pinschers ndi schnauzers, molossians, agalu a ng'ombe ndi mapiri aku Switzerland, gawo la molosser ndi gawo la mastiff adakonzedwa ndi Pierre Megnin ndipo ali mgulu la mitundu ya tsitsi lalifupi ndi izi:
- mutu wokulirapo komanso wamfupi wokhala ndi chigaza chachikulu m'dera la zipilala za zygomatic. Kutalika kumakhala pafupifupi 3/10 kutalika, ndipo mzere wakumphumi umayenderana ndi mphuno. Khungu ndilopinduka, litakwinyika komanso limapinda;
- lobe wam'mphuno umakhala ngati chowonjezera cha mphutsi, osatuluka kupitirira mzere wakunja kwa milomo, wowoneka bwino, wokhala ndi mphuno zazikulu komanso zotseguka, zakuda, zotuwa kapena mabokosi;
- Pamphuno yakuya komanso yotakata kwambiri yokhala ndi mbali zofananira komanso mawonekedwe apakati;
- mnofu ndi wandiweyani, milomo yokwanira yodzaza nsagwada zamphamvu komanso zamphamvu, zotsekedwa bwino, m'munsi mwake muli chitukuko chabwino m'lifupi;
- mano oyera komanso otukuka bwino okhala ndi mayikidwe olondola komanso okhala ndi mzere, woluma ndi lumo;
- yowongoka ndi yotseguka maso, ozungulira mawonekedwe, ndi kukhumudwa pang'ono, mitundu yakuda;
- Makutu ndi ang'onoang'ono komanso amakona atatu, okhazikika pang'ono kuposa zipilala za zygomatic, lathyathyathya komanso pafupi kwambiri ndi masaya, nthawi zambiri odulidwa;
- chithunzi chapamwamba cha khosi lalifupi ndichosokonekera pang'ono. Khosi limafanana ndi kondomu wonyezimira, wamtundu wa minyewa, wokhala ndi khungu lotayirira lomwe limapanga mame awiri, oyenda bwino kumapeto kwenikweni;
- mzere wapamwamba kumbuyo ndi wowongoka, ndikutambalala kwakukulu, motalika, koma osati kotchuka kwambiri;
- kumbuyo kwake kuli kotakata, ndikumakhala ndi lumbar m'chigawo chogwirizana komanso minofu yotukuka bwino;
- chifuwa chachikulu chili ndi nthiti zazitali komanso zopindika bwino;
- yotakata, yolimba komanso yolimba yam'mimba yokhala ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi kutsogola komanso yotsogola pamwamba pa lumbar ya croup;
- Chifuwa chachikulu komanso chachikulu chimakhala ndi minofu ya pectoral komanso khanda lomwe lili pamlingo womwewo ndi cholumikizira paphewa;
- yotakata komanso m'malo mwake m'munsi mwake, mchira wolimba umadumphira pang'ono kumapeto, ndikufikira hock yayitali bwino, koma, monga lamulo, imakokedwa ndi 2/3 kutalika konse;
- zakutsogolo, zowonedwa kutsogolo ndi mawonekedwe, ndizowongoka ndipo zimakhala ndi mafupa olimba;
- Mapazi oyenda kumbuyo amakhala akulu, okhala ndi zala zazala zopindika bwino, ziyangoyangaya, zokuya komanso zopindika utoto, misomali yamphamvu komanso yopindika;
- miyendo yakumbuyo ndi yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu, yolinganizidwa bwino, yosungunuka bwino pamiyendo yakumunsi, yokhala ndi metali yayitali kwambiri komanso zala zozungulira zokhala ndi mapadi owuma, olimba komanso owoneka bwino, misomali yamphamvu komanso yokhota.
Kusuntha kwapadera ndi mtundu wa mastiff. Galu wamtunduwu amayenda pang'onopang'ono, mtundu wamphongo komanso kuyenda kwa mkango, pang'ono ngati chimbalangondo... Chiweto chotere sichimathamangira kwambiri, ndipo mayendedwe ake amakhala masitepe.
Khalidwe la galu
Mastino Napoletano ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri waku Italiya wokhala ndi kukongola kopambana komanso kwachilendo, ndichifukwa chake kupambana kwakukulu kumayiko onse. Wodziwika bwino, womasuka kwathunthu amalola mastiff kukhala odekha komanso osachita ndewu.
M'gawo lake, chiweto chotere chidzakhala woyang'anira wosawonongeka, molimba mtima kuteteza banja ndi nyumbayo, mwini wake ndi katundu wake. Mastino samangolira, amakonda kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo. Mitunduyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi nzeru zapamwamba komanso mawonekedwe abwino, kulumikizana mosavuta, kukhulupirika komanso kulimbikira, luso labwino lophunzirira.
Utali wamoyo
Ma Miffiffs sakhala a ziwindi zazitali, koma mosamala ndi kutsatira malamulo oyendetsera zinthu, kuphatikiza njira zodzitetezera, oimira ena amtunduwu amatha kuwoloka zaka khumi.
Zamkatimu za mastino neapolitano
Chikhalidwe chachikulu chosunga mastiff ndikupatsa chiweto chanu masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse komanso okwanira.... Chifukwa chake, galu wotereyu amafunika kuyenda pafupipafupi komanso kwakutali. N'zotheka kusunga oimira mtundu wakale wotere m'nyumba, koma ovuta. Mastiffs a Neapolitan amafunika kutalikirana komanso dera lalikulu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Njira yabwino kwambiri yosungira chiweto chotere ingakhale nyumba yakumidzi, komwe mastiff adzakhala mlonda wodalirika komanso wokhulupirika kwambiri.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kupezeka kwa wolandila wina ndikofunikira kwa Neapolitano mastino. Galu yemwe ali ndi chidwi ndi chidwi chake amakonda kusankha kuvomereza kwa eni ake mwa njira iliyonse. Mbali yapadera ya mastiff ndiyokayikira kwambiri, chifukwa chake chiweto choterechi chimasamala alendo.
Kusamalira ndi ukhondo
Neapolitan Mastiffs amakonda kutenthedwa nthawi yotentha kwambiri, ndipo galu wotere amatha kupwetekedwa mtima ngakhale atakhala kuti sanakumanane ndi dzuwa. Poganizira kukula kwake, chiwetocho sichikhala ndi nthawi yoti chiziziziritsira chokha, chifukwa chake amayenera kuyimitsidwa m'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo.
Kusamalira chovala cha mastiff kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa nthawi zonse ndi kusakaniza mwadongosolo. Nthawi yosungunuka ya ziweto zamtunduwu imatha pafupifupi milungu ingapo, pomwe kuphatikiza kumachitika tsiku lililonse. Zithandizo zamadzi ndizoyenera munthawiyo, ubweyawo ukaipitsidwa kwambiri, komanso nthawi yomweyo chiwonetsero chisanachitike. Khungu losakhwima kwambiri la galu wotereyu silikhala ndi chitetezo chamtundu wa malaya amkati, choncho kusamba pafupipafupi kumatha kuyambitsa chiweto m'thupi, komanso kuyabwa komanso kukwiya kwambiri.
Maso ndi makutu a galu amafunika kuyang'aniridwa ndikuyeretsedwa kangapo pamlungu. Monga lamulo, zikhadabo, ndimayendedwe okwanira, zimatha kunola mwachilengedwe. Kupanda kutero, kufupikitsa kwa zikhadabo za regrown kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chodulira chala chakapangidwe ka agalu akulu. Mano amayeneranso kuyesedwa pafupipafupi ngati zolembera ndi tartar. Zolemba zapadera ndi maburashi amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa.
Tisaiwale kuti Neapolitan Mastiff ndi mgulu la "agalu" opanda fungo, koma mitundu ya "slobbering" kwambiri, kupukutira nthawi zonse makutu kumaso ndikofunikira mu chisamaliro. Kulephera kutsatira lamuloli komanso kulira makwinya kumayambitsa kufalikira kwa matenda osiyanasiyana pakhungu. Mwazina, chiweto chotere sichimatha kuyendetsa madzi, chifukwa chake mipando ndi zovala za mabanja kapena alendo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Momwe mungadyetse mastiff
Ngakhale asanapeze mwana wagalu wamtunduwu, woweta amafunika kugula osati zofunikira zonse ndikukonzekera malowa, komanso kusankha njira yodyetsera chiweto. Ali ndi miyezi iwiri kapena inayi, mwana wagalu wa Neapolitan Mastiff ayenera kudyetsedwa kanayi patsiku.
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mwana wagalu akakhala ndi mano amkaka, ndikofunikira kupanga chakudya choyenera cha chiweto. Ndizotheka kupatsa mwana wagalu mayendedwe apadera amkaka, omwe mawonekedwe ake ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mkaka wa mayi. Ngati ndi kotheka, zikuchokera ndi zina ndi kuchuluka kwa homogenizer lapansi.
Ndikokwanira kudyetsa galu wamkulu kamodzi kokha, komanso koposa zonse nthawi yamadzulo... Zakudya za galu wotereyu ziyenera kukhala zosiyana kwambiri, ndipo chidwi chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa pazogulitsa zomwe zimapindulitsa mokwanira ndi zomanga thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kupatsa chiweto chanu mavitamini maofesi, zana ndilofunika kwambiri ndikumayambiriro kwa nthawi yamasika.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'masitolo azachilengedwe lero pali mitundu yambiri yazakudya zabwino kwambiri zamafuta, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zokwanira galu.
Neapolitan Mastiffs ali ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yam'mimba, chifukwa chake, zosokoneza m'matumbo ndizochepa kwambiri. Komabe, chakudya cha chiweto chotere, mosalephera, chiyenera kukhala choyenera, komanso cholondola. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupatula mafupa a nkhuku ndi mpunga pazakudya, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kagayidwe kake kofulumira komwe kumachitika mthupi la mastino.
Kudyetsa galu wanu kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yofanana tsiku lililonse. Nthawi zonse chiweto chimakhala ndi mbale yodzaza madzi abwino okwanira kupezeka kwaulere. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ndibwino kudyetsa Mastino Neapolitano ndi magawo owuma komanso apamwamba, omwe amapindula ndi zofunikira zonse.
Zakudya zabwino kwambiri zodyetsera galu wamkulu ndi Innova Dog, Eagle Pack Holistic Select® Lamb Meal & Rice ndi CANIDAE® All Life Stag. Monga zowonjezera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "Kanvit Chondro-Maxi" kapena "Arthrophyte".
Matenda ndi zofooka za mtundu
Monga lamulo, Neapolitan Mastiff amakhala ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo gawo lalikulu la matendawa nthawi zambiri limakwiyitsidwa ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. Matenda aliwonse amawonetseredwa ndi chiweto cha mtunduwu chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zochitika zambiri komanso mphwayi, komanso ulesi woonekera.
Pazizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa, m'pofunika kupita kuchipatala mwachangu, kukalandira upangiri kuchokera kwa veterinarian. Mwa zina, ndikofunikira kutsatira ndandanda ya katemera wothandizira mosalephera. Matenda enieni amtundu amatha kuyimiriridwa ndi:
- zosiyanasiyana chifuwa;
- matenda a khungu;
- kunenepa kwambiri.
Ndi msinkhu, mastiff amatha kukhala ndi bursitis, zotsatira zake ndikudzikundikira kwamadzimadzi m'malo olumikizana ndi matuza akulu m'zigongono. Nthawi zambiri, mu ana agalu omwe akukula mwachangu, kukula kwa mitsempha, mafupa ndi minofu kumachedwa, komwe kumatsagana ndi kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kulumikizana, komanso mapangidwe a ziwalo za m'chiuno za dysplasia.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mastiffs achikulire a Neapolitan ali ndi vuto la ulesi, ndipo ndi mchitidwewu womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha kunenepa kwambiri kwa ziweto.
Kupatuka kulikonse pamiyeso yamtundu ndi zovuta, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo ndi kuuma kwake kumayambitsa kukanidwa... Zolakwitsa zitha kuyimilidwa ndi kuluma pansi pamchira, mchira wopindika kapena wopindika womwe umakwera pamwamba pamsana, komanso kupindika kwakutali kwa nyama ikamafota.
Kulepheretsa zolakwikazo kumaphatikizapo zolakwika zomwe zimayimilidwa ndi kupyola muyeso, kukulira kapena kufupika kwa nkhwangwa za craniofacial, mphuno yopindika kapena yopindika, kusowa kwathunthu kwa utoto pamphuno, komanso kusowa kwa utoto m'mphepete mwa zikope.
Mwazina, agalu okhala ndi maso abuluu owala komanso opindika, osakhala ndi makwinya kapena mapinda ndipo alibe mame, komanso omwe ali ndi mchira wawufupi kwambiri komanso okhala ndi zipsera zoyera pa chovalacho, sakhala oyenera. Amuna oyamwitsa amayenera kukhala ndi machende awiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino, otsika mokwanira.
Maphunziro ndi maphunziro
Mastiffs ndi agalu omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chovuta, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kupatsa maphunziro ndi maphunziro kwa osamalira agalu oyenerera. Ndizovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa kumvera kwathunthu komanso kosakayikitsa kuchokera ku chiweto cha mtunduwu nokha.Mkhalidwe waukulu womwe umakulolani kuti mukwaniritse maphunziro a Neapolitano mastino ndi kukhulupirirana, komanso kukhazikitsa chikhalidwe chaubwenzi, kumvana ndi kufanana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ndibwino kuti muphunzitse chiweto cha Neapolitan Mastiff m'malo omwe amadziwika kuti "galu" pazifukwa izi, koma pakalibe nyama zina, koyamba.
Kuphunzitsa chiweto cha mtunduwu nthawi zambiri kumatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi itatu kapena inayi kuti mumvetse malamulo angapo oyenera, kotero mwini mastiff ayenera kukhala woleza mtima. Muyenera kuyambitsa makalasi ndi galu pafupifupi mphindi 5-10, koma pang'onopang'ono nthawi yazomwezo ziyenera kubwereredwa kwa theka la ora.
Gulani mastino neapolitano
Neapolitan Mastiffs ndi agalu okwanira omwe siabwino kuti azisunga agalu-oyamba kumene... Pofuna kupewa kwathunthu zoopsa zamtundu uliwonse, kupeza chiweto chotere kuyenera kusamalidwa mosamala komanso moyenera. Ndikofunika kugula mwana wagalu wamamitini wosasunthika m'kanyumba kapadera kokhala ndi malingaliro abwino. Kukhala ndi makolo kumachepetsa chiopsezo chopeza chilombo chosalamulirika kapena chankhanza.
Zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana
Kukhalapo kwa khungu lalikulu kwa makwinya ndi khola pakhungu la Mastino Neapolitano kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotupa, kutupa ndi zilonda, chifukwa chake, poyang'ana mwana wagalu, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe matenda akhungu konse.
Mwana wagalu ayenera kukhala wathanzi, monga umboni wa:
- mafuta okwanira, koma osanenepetsa;
- chovala chonyezimira komanso chovala bwino;
- maso, mphuno ndi makutu opanda zotuluka zowoneka;
- njala yabwino;
- kusowa kwa zisa.
Mukamasankha, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana mawonekedwe a mwana wagalu. Chinyama chathanzi kwathunthu chimakhala chofuna kudziwa komanso kuchita zinthu, chochezeka komanso chosewera. Kugula kokha kwa mwana wagalu wangwiro kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza chiweto ndi dongosolo lamanjenje moyenera, mikhalidwe yoteteza kwambiri, luso labwino la kuphunzira ndi kumvera.
Ndikofunikanso kuwonetsetsa kuti chinyama sichikhala ndi matenda a chitumbuwa, momwe pamakhala kutupa ndi kufiira m'dera lachitatu la chikope. Matendawa amatha kukhala obadwa nawo kapena amapezeka chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa komanso kukula kwa matenda m'matumbo amaso. Oopsa ndi cardiomyopathy, limodzi ndi kusintha kwa minofu ya mtima, kufooka kwakukulu kwa thupi la nyama, kupuma movutikira, kusowa kwa njala komanso kuchepa kwa thupi.
Mtengo wa Neapolitan Mastiff
Musanasankhe mwana wagalu wa neapolitano, m'pofunika "kudziwana bwino" ndi opanga, banja la makolo, zinyalala zomwe zidadzutsa chidwi, zomwe zingathandize kutsimikizira kuti mwana ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuti asakhale ndi zolakwika zazikulu.
Zofunika! Phunzirani za kholo lanu ndikuzolowera kutsatira ndondomeko ya katemera
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pang'ono pang'ono, ana agalu amakhala akuluakulu komanso opangidwa bwino.... Ana oyamwitsa akulekerera amayi awo makamaka osati asanakwanitse miyezi iwiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunsa woweta mtunduwo za kudyetsa mwana wagalu.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mtengo wapakati wa mwana wamamuna wa neapolitano wochokera ku kennel, ngakhale atakhala mwana wamwamuna wotere, ndiwokwera kwambiri, chifukwa cha ochepa oweta odziwa zambiri, mdziko lathu komanso akunja. Mtengo wa chiweto chathanzi umatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera wa gulu linalake, koma nthawi zambiri ndimakhala ma ruble 40-100 zikwi.
Ndemanga za eni
Malinga ndi eni ake, mastiff, mtundu uwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi kukumbukira kwawo kwabwino komanso nzeru. Uwu ndi mtundu wokoma mtima komanso wosamalira mwini wake, koma sizoyenera kugula Neapolitano Mastino kwa mabanja omwe ali ndi ana ochepa kwambiri. Nyama yotere imachita nsanje modabwitsa, ndipo nsanje yake imawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri ndi nkhanza. Muyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mastiffs sachedwa matenda olumikizana mafupa, ndi zakudya tsiku ayenera kuonjezera ndi vitamini maofesi amene ali ndi glucosamine ndi chondroitin.
Kuyambira masiku oyamba a mwana wagalu mnyumba kapena mnyumba, m'pofunika kuti mumuzolowere kukhala waukhondo. Nyama yathanzi nthawi zonse imachira nthawi yomweyo ikadzuka, komanso itadyetsa kapena kuyeserera. Mutha kuyenda ndi kagalu mutatha katemera woyamba, kuyambira pafupifupi miyezi itatu.
Nthawi zambiri chiweto chimayenda, galu amaphunzitsidwa mwachangu kuti akhale wolondola. Nthawi yoyenda iyenera kukhala pafupifupi maola awiri kapena atatu patsiku, koma imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera msinkhu wa chiweto ndi nyengo.
Sikulangizidwa kukhala ndi galu wamtunduwu kuti muzisunga m'nyumba yaying'ono komanso yaying'ono... Chiweto chachikulu chimakhala chabwino kwa eni mabanja akulu akulu omwe ali ndi malo otseguka nthawi zonse. Kusamalira mastino kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chofunikira kutsuka m'makola ambiri, chisa malaya, komanso kupukuta pakamwa mukamaliza kudya.
Mwazina, agalu amtunduwu amakonda kwambiri, ndipo chakudya ndi madzi zimabalalika mbali zosiyanasiyana pakudya, motero chiweto chotere si cha obereketsa agalu a squeamish.
