Nkhono za mphesa (Helih Rometia) ndi mitundu yapadziko lapansi ya gastropod mollusk yomwe ili m'gulu la nkhono zam'mapapo komanso banja la a Helicide. Lero ndi nkhono yayikulu kwambiri ku Europe.
Kufotokozera kwa nkhono za mphesa
Thupi la nkhono mphesa, pamodzi ndi mamembala ena a gulu la Gastropoda, limagawika kunja kukhala zigawo monga chipolopolo ndi thunthu, lopangidwa ndi mwendo ndi mutu. Ziwalo zamkati mwa nkhonoyi ndizozunguliridwa ndi chovala chapadera choteteza, zina zomwe zimawoneka bwino ngakhale kunja.
Maonekedwe
Chipolopolo cha munthu wamkulu chimakhala ndi m'mimba mwake pakati pa 3.0-4.5 cm, ndipo voliyumu yake ndiyokwanira kukhala ndi thupi lonse... Chipolopolocho chimakhala ndi mapindikidwe ozungulira a 4.5. Mitundu ya chipolopolo imatha kuyambira pachikaso chofiirira mpaka choyera chofiirira.
Miyendo isanu yakuda ndi yofanana ya mikwingwirima imadutsa kutalika kwa ma whorls awiri oyamba kapena atatu. Kukhutitsa kwa mitunduyo kumatengera nthaka ndi nyengo, malo okhala, mawonekedwe azakudya ndi mphamvu yakuunikira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chigoba cha nkhono yamphesa chimasiyanitsidwa ndi nthiti yowoneka bwino, chifukwa chake malo onse akuchulukirachulukira ndipo zisonyezo zamphamvu zimawonjezeka.
Monga lamulo, kutalika kwa mwendo wa munthu wamkulu kwathunthu sikupitilira 3.5-5.0 masentimita, koma nkhono zotere zimatha kutambasula mpaka masentimita 8-9. Thupi la nkhono yamphesa limadziwika ndikulimba kwambiri, ndipo utoto wake umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi beige wonyezimira wonyezimira ku utoto wakuda.
Pamwamba pa thupi pamakutidwa ndi makwinya ambiri, magawo omwe pakati pake amawoneka ngati makona anayi. Izi zimathandiza kuti nkhono zisungidwe bwino.
Zoyala ziwiri zili pamwamba pakamwa pakamwa, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kusiyanasiyana. Kukula kwa ma labial kapena ma tent tent olfactory ndi 2.5-4.5 mm, ndipo kukula kwa zoyeserera zamaso sikupitilira 10-20 mm. Masomphenya amalola nkhono ya mphesa kusiyanitsa bwino kukula kwa kuwunikira, komanso kuwona zinthu zomwe zili pamtunda wosaposa 10 mm.
Pamodzi ndi nthumwi zina zambiri za gulu la Gastropoda, nkhono zamphesa zili ndi dongosolo logaya chakudya, loyimiriridwa ndi egodermal foregut ndi endodermal midgut. Mtundu wa kupuma kwa nkhono zapamtunda ndizoyambira. Mtima uli pamwamba pa hindgut ndipo umaphatikizapo atrium yakumanzere, ventricle, ndi pericardium. Magazi a nkhono alibe mtundu. Njira yoberekera ya nkhono za mphesa ndi hermaphroditic, chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze ana okhala ndi mollusc, umuna umachitika.
Moyo ndi khalidwe
M'nyengo yotentha yotentha, masana, nkhono za mphesa zimayesa kubisala pakona yamdima kapena chinyontho cha dimba kapena nkhalango, komanso nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika m'ming'alu kapena mabowo osiyanasiyana. Ndi usiku, nkhonoyo imachoka pogona pake ndikupita kukafunafuna chakudya.
Nkhono zomwe zimakhala pakatikati pa Europe zimatha kubisala mwachilengedwe kangapo pachaka m'nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha. Kutha tulo tofa nato kumafanana ndi mbewa yomwe kanyama kena kamene kamagwera pamene ikukwawa. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri kapena yotentha kwambiri, nkhono za mphesa zimakhalabe mkati mwa chipolopolo chake, ndipo ntchentche yotulutsidwayo imakhala ngati filimu yoteteza kwambiri mollusk.
Utali wamoyo
Nkhono za mphesa sizoweta kwanthawi yayitali... Monga lamulo, munthawi ya chisamaliro choyenera, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa nkhono zapakhomo sizapitilira zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Komabe, zaka zamoyo zomwe zalembedwa zidalembedwa ku Sweden. M'dziko lino, nkhono zamphesa zadziwika, zomwe zakhala zaka zopitilira makumi atatu.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Malo achilengedwe a nkhono yamphesa amaimiridwa ndi zigwa ndi mapiri, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zowirira, madera a paki, madambo ndi zigwa zodzala ndi tchire, komanso minda yamphesa ndi dothi zomwe zimachita zamchere.
Patsiku louma ndi lotentha, nkhono yokonda chinyezi imatha kubisala pansi pamiyala kapena mumthunzi wa zomera, ndipo nthawi zambiri imadzibisa m'malele ozizira bwino. Chiweto chachilendo choterechi chitha kuzirala ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso kotsika kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'magulu otchedwa hibernation, nkhono za mphesa zitha kugwa osati payekhapayekha, komanso m'makona akulu, ndipo kuchepa kwa nkhono pakadali pano ndi pafupifupi 10%.
Pofika masika, nkhono za mphesa zimadzuka zambiri, koma, monga zikuwonekera, nkhono zoterezi zimakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndipo kukhala maso kumatenga miyezi yoposa isanu pachaka. Asanalowe muubweya wachilengedwe, nkhono zazikulu zimatha kusonkhana pamalo amodzi, ndikusankha danga pansi pamwala kapena masamba omwe agwa.
M'nyengo yotentha, nkhono zoterezi zimamamatira ku thunthu la mtengo kapena pa chitsamba dzuwa lisanatuluke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhonozo zizidikira mosavuta kutentha masana. Pamalo pomwe nkhonoyi idakwawa, mutha kuwona mosavuta njira yamazi yotsalira nayo. Nkhonoyi, chifukwa cha mabala ake, imatha kuyenda bwino kwambiri. Kukhalapo kwa ntchofu kumateteza thupi la nkhono kuti lisawonongeke mitundu yonse.
Kukonza nkhono za mphesa
Nkhono za mphesa monga chiweto ndizodzichepetsa kwambiri kotero kuti zomwe zili ndizotsika mtengo ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene.... Kugulidwa kwa zida ndi nyumba zosungira nkhono zotere sizikhala zowononga.
Kusankha kwa Aquarium ndikudzaza
Kusunga nkhono zamphesa kunyumba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito galasi kapena chidebe cha pulasitiki chomwe chimakhala ndi malo akulu pansi komanso mpweya wabwino. Chosakaniza chonyowa kutengera magawo asanu ndi limodzi a dothi ndi gawo limodzi la mpweya wokhazikika imayikidwa pansi. Ndikofunikira kutsuka magalasi ndi makoma pafupipafupi, komanso kuchotsa mamina mkati mwake. Ndibwino kuti mupatse chiweto chanu kutentha kwa masana kwa 20-22zaC, ndi usiku - mkati mwa 19zaC.
Malo osungiramo nkhono zamphesa ayenera kukhala ndi zida zofunikira kuti mbewa zapamtunda zizimva ngati zachilengedwe. Ndizotheka kukongoletsa mkatimo ndi nthambi zazing'ono zobiriwira kapena pafupifupi chomera chilichonse chokhazikika pansi.
Ndikofunikanso kukhazikitsa dziwe losaya mkati kusamba chiweto chachilendo chonchi komanso kamulu kakang'ono konyowa. Kulimbitsa chigoba cha nkhono za mphesa kumafuna kuwonjezera miyala yaying'ono pang'ono ku aquarium yanu kapena terrarium. Mpandawo uyenera wokutidwa ndi chivundikiro kuti nkhono zisatuluke. Ndikofunikira kupanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono pachotsekocho momwe mpweya wokwanira umayenda.
Zofunika! Malo okhala nkhono zamphesa zoweta ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti azisunga nthawi zonse, ndikuchita kupopera mokakamiza malo onse amkati kuchokera kumfuti wamba wakunyumba kangapo patsiku.
Zakudya za nkhono zamphesa
Kudya nkhono zamphesa kunyumba kuyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi chilengedwe... Mollusk wodziwika bwino kwambiri amadya pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa zomera, kuphatikizapo udzu, masamba ngakhalenso humus.
Nkhono zomwe zimasungidwa kunyumba zimadyetsedwa bwino ndi sitiroberi zakutchire ndi masamba amphesa, kabichi ndi lunguzi, burdock, lungwort ndi dandelion, plantain, komanso radish ndi horseradish. Zakudya zonse ziyenera kukhala zokoma komanso zotentha kwambiri.
Kusamalira ndi ukhondo, kuyeretsa
Pakusunga nkhono zamphesa kunyumba, ndikofunikira kuthetseratu kuwonongeka kwa zipolopolo, komanso kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:
- gwiritsirani ntchito chakudya chatsopano komanso chapamwamba chodyera, komanso kuti chakudya cha chiweto chizikhala chosiyanasiyana;
- Nthawi zonse perekani nkhono za mphesa mahelosheli opunduka, komanso zinthu zina zilizonse zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium yokwanira;
- Tsiku lililonse, makamaka madzulo, perekani makoma a terrarium ndi nthaka ndi madzi oyera kutentha kwa firiji;
- yang'anirani bwino zitsimikizo za chinyezi, popewa kuyanika kwamphamvu kuchokera m'nthaka kapena kubowoleza madzi ndi kudzikundikira kwamadzi ambiri pansi;
- madzi osamba omwe amaikidwa mu terrarium ayenera kusinthidwa tsiku lililonse;
- Kusintha kwa ma filler ndi nthaka mkati mwa terrarium kapena aquarium kumachitika momwe zingafunikire, pang'ono kapena kwathunthu, kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa;
- terrarium ya nkhono ya mphesa sayenera kuima ndi dzuwa, komanso pafupi ndi zipangizo zotenthetsera.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mkati mwa terrarium kapena aquarium yokhala ndi nkhono za mphesa ziyenera kukhala zoyera momwe zingathere, zomwe zingachepetse chiopsezo cha kuipitsa ziweto zomwe zili ndi nematodes kapena nkhupakupa, komanso microflora yambiri yomwe imayambitsa matenda.
Nkhono zoswana
Nkhono zonse ndi zolengedwa za hermaphrodite, momwe osati amuna okha, komanso machitidwe azimayi ogonana amaphatikizidwa... Pofuna kuikira mazira, achikulire komanso anthu okhwima kwathunthu a nkhono za mphesa ayenera kusinthana ma cell agonana ndi anthu ena. Pali nthawi ziwiri zoberekera nkhono zamphesa zoweta:
- kuyambira March mpaka June;
- kuyambira zaka khumi zoyambirira za Seputembala mpaka koyambirira kwa Okutobala.
Choyamba, kusasitsa kwa majeremusi amphongo kumachitika, omwe amasamutsidwa kwa anzawo ndikusungidwa mkati mwa zotengera zapadera zam'mimba mpaka kukhwima kwamaselo achikazi. Masewera okwatirana, monga lamulo, amakhala kwa mphindi zingapo kapena maola angapo, pomwe nkhono zamphesa zimakhudza anzawo, kupota matupi awo mozungulira ndikufinya zidendene zawo.
Pambuyo pake, nkhonoyi imayikira mazira atazunguliridwa ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi gelatinous, chomwe chimalola kuti azigwirizira pamodzi mu cocoons kapena magulu. Pobadwa, nkhono zomwe zimangobadwa kumene zimakhala ndi zipolopolo zowonekera, pomwe pamakhala ma coil angapo. Ndi zaka, kuchuluka kwa ma coil oterowo pachipolopolo kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.
Kugula nkhono wamphesa, mtengo
Nkhono za mphesa zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera kapena obereketsa. Kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu, nkhono zoterezi zimatha kugwidwa mosavuta m'chilengedwe chake. Monga lamulo, ziweto zachilendozi zimasungidwa kunyumba awiriawiri, ndipo pafupifupi mtengo wa nkhono ziwiri za mphesa ndi ma ruble 200-400 okha.
Musanagule, ndikofunikira kuti muyang'ane zojambula za mollusk. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa dothi lomwe lili ndi tiziromboti, komanso m'malo opanda ukhondo posungira nkhonoyo ndikulumikizana kwake ndi anthu ena odwala, thupi la membala wa banja la Helicida limatha kudzazidwa ndi bowa kapena nkhungu. Ndikofunikanso kuwonetsetsa kuti chipolopolo cha padziko lapansi chisawonekere kuti chawonongeka kapena kupunduka.
Ndemanga za eni
Nkhono za mphesa, zotchuka m'zaka zaposachedwa, ziweto zoweta, mwachilengedwe, zimawononga mitundu yonse yazomera, ndikuwononga zochuluka. Akasungidwa kunyumba, nkhonozi zimadya mitundu yonse ya ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso, komanso masamba obiriwira ndi masamba obiriwira.
Ndizosangalatsa!Nthochi, mapeyala ndi maapulo, maungu ndi kaloti, kabichi ndi mbatata, komanso radishes ndizoyenera kudyetsa nkhono zapakhomo, chifukwa chake kudyetsa nkhono zotere sikovuta konse.
Monga momwe chizolowezi chosungira nyumba chikuwonetsera, ma drafts ndi mphepo zamphamvu ndizovulaza kwambiri chiweto chachilendo, chomwe chimathandizira kwambiri kutaya chinyezi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kuchuluka kwamadzi mkati mwa terrarium kapena aquarium. Nkhonozi zimapuma mpweya wakumlengalenga, chifukwa chake zimamwalira nthawi zambiri pamalo opanda chinyezi kwambiri. Zomwe zili zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri nkhono za mphesa ndi chinyezi cha nthaka pamlingo wa 80%.
Kutengera malamulo a chisamaliro, nkhono zamphesa sizimadwala kawirikawiri.... Chifukwa cha kuphwanya zikhalidwe zakusungidwa, chiweto chotere chitha kutenthedwa kwambiri kapena kudwala matenda otentha thupi. Mavuto oterewa amapezeka ngati terrarium kapena aquarium ili padzuwa kapena pafupi ndi zida zotenthetsera, komanso polemba kapena pakhonde. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuzizira kumachedwetsa kukula ndi kukulira kwa nkhono za mphesa. Pakatenthedwa kwambiri, muyenera kunyowetsa nkhono ndi madzi ozizira, ndipo ngati hypothermia, ipatseni chiweto chanu mofunda.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusunga nkhono za mtundu womwewo, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamodzi. Nkhono, omwe msinkhu wawo ndi chaka chimodzi kapena theka, amatenga nawo mbali pobereka. Nkhono za mphesa, malinga ndi ndemanga za eni eni ziweto zoyambirirazi, zimakhala zosangalatsa kunyumba, modzipereka kukwawa m'manja mwa eni ake ngakhale kusamba pamalo amenewa. Mwa zina, nkhono zamphesa sizikusowa chisamaliro chapadera, chifukwa chake zimayambitsidwa ndi anthu otanganidwa kapena ana.
