Mleme wokhala ndi mphako (Myotis blythi) ndi wa banja losalala bwino, mileme imalamulira.
Zizindikiro zakunja za Myotis wokhala ndi zowona
Otis wokhala ndi mphako ndi imodzi mwa njenjete zazikulu kwambiri. Makulidwe amthupi 5.4-8.3 cm. Mchira kutalika - 4.5-6.9 masentimita, kutalika kwa khutu 1.9-2.7 cm. Dzanja lake ndi kutalika kwa 5.0-6.6 cm. Kulemera kwake kumafika magalamu 15-36. Khutu ndilolunjika, lalitali, mutu wake ndi wopapatiza. Imafika kumapeto kwa mphuno kapena imatuluka patsogolo pang'ono. Pali mapangidwe 5-6 opingasa m'mbali mwakunja kwa khutu. M'mbali mwake mumakhala wopindika pang'ono. Kutalika kwapakatikati khutu pafupifupi masentimita 9. 9. Tragus wogawana molunjika pamwamba ndikufika pakati pakumtunda. Kakhungu kamapiko kamamangirira kumiyendo kumunsi kwa chala chakunja.
Zala zakumapazi ndizitali, zopanda minyewa. Tsitsi lakelo ndi lalifupi; utoto wake kumtunda kwa thupi ndi wachikasu kapena wotuwa. Mimba ndi yoyera. Ma myotis achichepere akuthwa amatidwa ndi ubweya wakuda wakuda. Pali malo owala pamutu pakati pamakutu.
Kufalitsa mleme
Malo okhala mileme yosongoka imachokera ku North Africa ndi Southern Europe kupita ku Altai, Minor, Western ndi Central Asia. Mitunduyi imakhala ku Palestina, Nepal, kumpoto kwa Jordan komanso mbali zina za China. Amapezeka ku Mediterranean, Portugal, France, Spain, Italy. Komanso ku Austria, Switzerland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Romania. Kubweretsa ku Moldova, Ukraine, Peninsula ya Balkan, Iran ndi gawo lina la Turkey. Ku Russia, mileme yamtunduwu imakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Altai, ku Crimea, ku Caucasus.
Pa gombe la Black Sea, amakhala m'mapanga pafupi ndi Sochi.
Imafalikira kudutsa Ciscaucasia kuchokera kumadzulo kwa Krasnodar Territory kupita ku Dagestan.
Malo a Mleme wa makutu opindika
Njenjete zokhala ndi mphako zokhala zokhalamo zaudzu, zopanda mitengo komanso malo owoneka bwino, kuphatikiza madera olima ndi minda. Miphaka ya mileme nthawi zambiri imakhala m'malo okhala mobisa: migodi, mapanga, madenga a nyumba. Ku Turkey ndi Syria, zili munyumba zakale kwambiri (nyumba zachifumu, mahotela).
Mkati mwa Russia, imafalikira m'malo am'mapiri okhala ndi malo olimba, pomwe malo obisalapo achilengedwe amapezeka, amakwera mpaka kufika pamtunda wa mamita 1700 pamwamba pa nyanja, komabe, m'nyengo yozizira amadziwika pamtunda wokwera mpaka 2100 mita. Nthawi zambiri amakhala muzimbudzi, pansi pa nyumba zamatchalitchi ndi nyumba zina.
Zabwino zamakhalidwe a mileme yakuthwa
M'chilimwe, Monke Okhazikika amapanga magulu amwana, omwe amakhala ndi anthu masauzande angapo. Zimasunthira nyengo nthawi yayitali mtunda wautali mkati mwa 60 - 70 kilomita, kupitirira 160. Kwa nyengo yozizira, mileme imakhala m'mapanga apansi panthaka, zipinda zapansi, zimadziunjikira mnyumba imodzi ambiri. Mleme wokhala ndi makutu amakhala m'chilengedwe kwa zaka 13.
Kutentha kumachitika nthawi yayitali - kuyambira 6 mpaka 12 ° C. Kusaka kwa mleme kumalo osatseguka, kumagwira tizilombo pakati pa madambo, m'misewu ndi m'nyanja.
Kubereka kwa mleme
Kukwatiwa mu Pointed Myotis kumachitika kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira. Ng'ombe imodzi imaswa kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa Juni. Akazi amadyetsa anawo mkaka kwa masiku pafupifupi 50. M'chilimwe, a Pointed Myotis amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena amodzi, amabisala m'matumba ndi pansi pamilatho masana.
Dzinja limayamba mu Okutobala ndipo limatha mu Epulo. M'mapanga owala bwino komanso zotsalira, nyama zimamangirira kudenga komanso pamakoma a ndendezo.
Chepetsani chiwerengero cha mileme yamakutu
Kuchepa kwa mileme kumachitika chifukwa chosowa malo ogona achisanu ndi chilimwe. Magulu a ana amafunikira mapanga otentha, ofunda, koma mawonekedwe achilengedwe oterewa ndi osowa. Kukonzanso kwa milatho yam'misewu ndi ntchito zokonzanso kumasokoneza malo okhala nthawi yotentha pomwe myotis amabisala. Malinga ndikuwona kwakanthawi yayitali, komwe kumachitika m'malo angapo, kuchuluka kwa anthu ozizira sikuyambitsa nkhawa.
Njira zotetezera mileme yakuthwa
Kuti asunge njenjete zowongoka, mapanga Bolshaya Fanagoriskaya, Kanyon, Neizma, Popov ayenera kupatsidwa ulemu ngati zipilala zachilengedwe. Kukhazikika kwa myotis wamakutu akuthwa m'mapanga Ambitsugova, Setenai, Arochnaya, Dedova Yama, Gun'kina-4, Besleneevskaya, Chernorechenskaya, komanso chidziwitso chotsalira pafupi ndi mudzi wa Derbentskaya, chimafuna chitetezo. Ndikofunika kuteteza zitseko za ndendezi, kukonza chitetezo chawo kuulendo wa alendo. Kupanga malo osungira malo awa, omwe akuphatikizapo ma karst angapo omwe ali pamphepete mwa Nyanja Yakuda.
Ma myotis okhala ndi zotupa mu Red Data Book of the Russian Federation ali mgulu la "mitundu yocheperako", kuchuluka kwa anthu komwe kumachepa chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi anthropogenic. Pamndandanda wofiira wa IUCN, mileme yosongayo ili pamndandanda wazinthu zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ndi anthu padziko lonse lapansi.
Kudya mleme wamva
Njenjete zowongoka zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri. Pakudya kamodzi, mileme imawononga nyongolotsi 50-60, zomwe unyinji wake umakhala mpaka 60% ya kulemera kwake.
Mwachilengedwe, myotis amadya zakudya zochepa zomwe ziyenera kupezeka.
Amakonda kusaka tizilombo, amadya Orthoptera ndi Moths.
Kusunga mleme mu ukapolo
Njenjete zosongoka zimasungidwa mu ukapolo. Kuti mileme ipulumuke, pamafunika kukhala ndi mtundu wa hibernation womwe umatha kuyambira milungu 4 mpaka 8 pachaka. Kuphatikiza apo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitsatira mosamalitsa zakudya ndikupewa kudya mopitirira muyeso. Malo okhala pafupi ndi zachilengedwe amakonda kuswana kwa nyama mu ukapolo.
Zopseza kuchuluka kwa Myotis wa Pointy-eared
Njenjete zowonongeke zimasokonekera pakuwonekera kwa anthu m'mapanga, mileme yochita mantha yomwe idawuluka mosagwirizana komanso kwanthawi yayitali. Nyama izi nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa chifukwa chokonzekera bwino m'mabungwe azachipatala, ndipo nthawi zina zimawonongedwa mopanda cholinga. Chiwerengero cha nyumba zomwe myotis wamapazi otentha amakhala m'nyengo yozizira zikuchepa pang'onopang'ono, popeza nyumba zakale momwe akukhalamo zimamangidwanso ndikumangidwanso. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo muulimi kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa njenjete zopindika.
Kutetezedwa kwa Myotis-Eared Myotis
Ma Myotis otetezedwa amatetezedwa ndi malamulo adziko m'malo awo ambiri. Njira zodzitetezera zolembedwa mu Bonn Convention ndi Berne Convention zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunduwu. Ma myotis ophatikizidwa akuphatikizidwa mu Zowonjezera II ndi IV za EU Directives. Afunikira njira zapadera zotetezera, kuphatikiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa madera otetezera. Ku Italy, Spain, Portugal, mapanga, khomo laphanga momwe mleme wokhala ndi makutu akuthwa amakhala, amatsekedwa ndi mipanda kuti alendo ofuna chidwi asasokoneze milemeyo. Ndikofunikanso kuteteza minyewa ikuluikulu ya mileme m'nyengo yozizira komanso nthawi yoswana. Kufikira pagulu kumafunika kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse nkhawa komanso kuchepetsa mwayi wopezeka m'misasa ya mileme. Ma myotis okhala ndi makutu opindika amalekerera ukapolo bwino, koma palibe kuswana kopambana komwe kwadziwika. Pali kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu amtunduwu m'malo ena osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mileme yamtunduwu imafunika kutetezedwa, mgawo la matendawo pomwe zinthu sizili bwino.
