Singa (Melanitta nigra) kapena scooper wakuda ndi wa banja la bakha, lamulo la Anseriformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa xingha
Xinga ndi nthumwi yoyimira bakha wosambira m'madzi (masentimita 45 mpaka 54) ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 78 mpaka 94. Kulemera kwake: 1.2 - 1.6 kg.
Ndi a scooter. Amuna pakuswana nthenga zamtundu wakuda wakuda wokhala ndi mapiko owoneka bwino. Mutu ndi wotuwa. Pansi pa nkhope ndi zoyera. Mlomo ndi wolimba, wotambalala kumunsi ndikutuluka kowonekera, utoto wakuda ndipo uli ndi malo achikaso. Mlomo wapamwamba wapakati pakati kuyambira pansi mpaka marigold ndi wachikaso, m'mphepete mwa mulomo mulinso wakuda. Nthenga za chilimwe zamphongo ndizochepa, nthenga zimakhala ndi bulauni, malo achikaso pamlomo amatembenuka. Mkaziyo ali ndi nthenga zofiirira zakuda zokhala ndi mawonekedwe owala pang'ono. Pamutu pake pali chipewa chakuda. Masaya, chotupa ndi thupi lotsika ndizowala kwambiri. Underwings ndi mdima.
Mlomo wa mkazi ndi wotuwa, palibe kukula.
Manja a mkazi ndi wamwamuna ndi abulauni yakuda. Mchira ndi wautali ndi nthenga zolimba komanso zooneka ngati mphako, zomwe bakha amakweza pang'ono pakasambira, ndikukoka m'khosi.
Xinga ilibe mzere wosiyanitsa pamapiko - "kalilole", potengera izi mbalame imatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta kuchokera ku mitundu yofananira. Mchira ndi wautali ndi nthenga zolimba komanso zooneka ngati mphanda. Anapiye amaphimbidwa ndi mtundu wakuda wofiirira wokhala ndi malo owala pang'ono pansi pamunsi pa bere, masaya, ndi khosi.
Kufalitsa kwa xingha
Singa ndi mbalame yosamuka komanso yosamukasamuka. Mwa mitunduyi, pali mitundu iwiri ya subspecies, imodzi mwa iwo imagawidwa kumpoto kwa Eurasia (kumadzulo kwa Siberia), inayo ku North America. Gawo lakumwera limalire ndi kufanana kwa 55th. Singa imapezeka m'maiko aku Scandinavia, kumpoto kwa Russia ndi Western Europe. Kwenikweni, ndi mtundu wosamuka.
Bakha amakhala nthawi yachisanu ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean, amapezeka ku Italy ochepa, nthawi yozizira m'mphepete mwa nyanja yaku North Africa ya Atlantic ku Morocco komanso kumwera kwa Spain. Amakhalanso m'nyengo yozizira ku Baltic ndi North Seas, m'mphepete mwa zilumba za Britain ndi France, mdera la Asia, nthawi zambiri amadikirira nyengo zosavomerezeka m'madzi am'mphepete mwa China, Japan ndi Korea. Simawoneka kawirikawiri kumadera akumwera. Chisa cha Singhi kumpoto.
Malo a Xinghi
Singa amakhala mumtunda wamtunda komanso m'nkhalango. Singa amasankha nyanja zotseguka, ma moss ndi nyanja zazing'ono kumpoto kwa taiga. Zimapezeka pamitsinje yomwe ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono, imatsatira malo osaya kwambiri. Sakhala kumadera akumidzi a kumtunda. Uwu ndi mtundu wamba wa abakha m'malo awo, koma mbalame zazikulu sizimawoneka. Amakhala m'nyengo yozizira m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'malo otetezedwa ku mphepo yamphamvu ndi madzi abata.
Kubereka kwa singa
Xingi ndi mbalame zokhazokha. Amaswana patatha nyengo ziwiri zachisanu, akafika zaka ziwiri. Nthawi yoswana imayamba kuyambira Marichi mpaka Juni. Malo okonzera zisa amasankhidwa pafupi ndi nyanja, mayiwe, mitsinje pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zina amakhala m'matanthwe komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango.
Chisa chimakhala pansi, nthawi zambiri chimakhala pansi pa chitsamba.
Zomera zowuma za herbaceous ndi fluff ndizo zomangira. Mu clutch muli mazira akulu 6 mpaka 9 akulemera pafupifupi magalamu 74 amtundu wachikasu wobiriwira. Mzimayi yekha ndi amene amawaza kwa masiku 30 - 31; amatseka mazirawo ndi pansi pomwe amachoka pachisa. Amuna samaswana anapiye. Amasiya malo awo obisalira mu Juni - Julayi ndikubwerera pagombe la Baltic ndi North Sea, kapena amapitilira nyanja zikuluzikulu.
Munthawi imeneyi, amayendetsa molt ndipo sangathe kuuluka. Anapiye amauma atangotuluka ndikutsata bakha kupita kumalo osungira. Mtundu wa nthenga za bakha ndi wofanana ndi wamkazi, mthunzi wotumbululuka kokha. Ali ndi zaka 45 - 50, abakha achichepere amakhala odziyimira pawokha, koma amasambira pagulu. M'malo awo, Singhi amakhala zaka 10-15.
Makhalidwe a Xingi
Singi amasonkhana m'magulu kunja kwa nthawi yogona. Pamodzi ndi zikopa zina amakhala m'midzi, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi wamba wamba. Amapeza chakudya m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Bakha amathamanga kwambiri ndikusambira, pogwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo poyenda pansi pamadzi. Osayandama pamwamba mkati mwa masekondi 45.
Pamtunda amasunthika movutikira, amakweza thupi mwamphamvu, popeza miyendo ya mbalameyo imabwerera mmbuyo ndipo siyasinthidwe bwino kuti izitha kuyenda pansi, koma m'malo am'madzi zoterezi ndizofunikira posambira. Kuchokera pamwamba pa dziwe, xinghi imanyamuka monyinyirika komanso mwamphamvu. Bakha amauluka motsika komanso mwachangu pamadzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala mphero. Kuthamanga kwamphongo kumakhala kothamanga, limodzi ndi mapiko owoneka bwino, chachikazi chimauluka mopanda phokoso. Yaimuna imalira ndikumveka kwamamvekedwe, yaikazi imasokosera mokweza ikamauluka.
Singi amafika mochedwa kumalo opangira zisa. Iwo amapezeka Pechora beseni ndi pa Kola Peninsula kumapeto kwa May, pa Yamal Patapita - mu theka lachiwiri la June. M'dzinja, abakha amasiya malo awo obisalira mochedwa, madzi oundana akangoyamba kuwonekera.
Zakudya za Xingi
Xingi amadya nkhanu, nkhono ndi molluscs ena. Amadyetsa mphutsi za dragonfly ndi chironomids (udzudzu wa pusher). Nsomba zazing'ono zimagwidwa m'madzi abwino. Abakha amathamangira nyama zawo mpaka kuya kwamamita makumi atatu. Xingi amadyanso zakudya zamasamba, koma gawo lawo pakudya kwa abakha si lalikulu.
Signi tanthauzo la dzina loyamba
Xinga ndi ya mbalame zamalonda zamalonda. Nthawi zambiri amasaka abakha m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Baltic. Mitunduyi ilibe phindu lofunikira pakampani chifukwa chochepa.
Singha subspecies
Xinga amapanga tinthu tating'ono ting'ono:
- Melanitta nigra nigra, ma subspecies aku Atlantic.
- Melanitta nigra americana ndi American singa wotchedwanso Black Scooter.
Chikhalidwe cha Xingha
Xinga ndi mtundu wa abakha ofala kwambiri. M'malo amtunduwu, pali anthu 1,9 mpaka 2.4 miliyoni. Chiwerengero cha mbalame ndi chokhazikika, mtundu uwu suwopsezedwa chilichonse, chifukwa chake safunika kutetezedwa. Xinga imasakidwa ndi asodzi komanso osaka masewera. Amawombera abakha pothawa, pomwe mbalame zimasonkhana m'magulu ambiri. Kunja kwanyengo, kusaka kumayamba kugwa. M'beseni la Pechora, Singa amatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a nsomba zonse zomwe zinagwidwa.
