Algae amakula m'madzi ozizira, madzi amchere ndi madzi abwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti aquarium ndi yamoyo. Anzanu omwe ali oyamba kumene amakhulupirira kuti ndere ndizomera zomwe zimakhala mumtsinje wamadzi.
Komabe, ndizomera za m'nyanja ya aquarium zomwe zimakhala mu algae, izi ndi alendo osafunikira komanso osakondedwa, chifukwa zimangowononga mawonekedwe a aquarium. Tiye tingonena kuti kukula kwa ndere kwa aquarist ndi chizindikiro chabe chakuti china chake chalakwika mu aquarium.
Ma aquariums onse amakhala ndi algae, pamchenga ndi miyala, miyala ndi zomera, makoma ndi zida. Ndiwachilengedwe ndipo ndi gawo limodzi labwino, ngati sangakule mwachangu.
Zomwe zimafunikira mu aquarium yoyenera ndi madzi omveka bwino, osakanikirana ndi magalasi oyera. Ndimalangizanso kuti ndisatsuke makoma onse a aquarium, ndikusiya kumbuyo ndikuphimbidwa.
Ndazindikira kuti ndere ikasiyidwa kuti imere pakhoma lakumbuyo kapena pamiyala, imayamwa ma nitrate ndi zinyalala zina, potero imachepetsa mwayi wazomera kuti zikule kutsogolo ndi mbali zammbali za aquarium.
Komanso pagalasi lokulirapo, nsomba zina zimadya algae ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono, monga mitundu yonse ya ma catfish a unyolo.
Kodi mungachotse bwanji ndere mu aquarium yanu?
Mwachitsanzo, ndere za mtundu wa Aufwuchs (zochokera ku Chijeremani kuti zikule pachinthu china) zimamera pamagawo olimba monga miyala, m'madzi amchere komanso amchere. Algae, makamaka obiriwira ndi ma diatom, ndiwo malo okhala nyama zazing'ono, ma rotifers, ndi protozoa.
Anthu ambiri okhala m'madzi a m'nyanja zam'madzi amadyetsedwa kwambiri ndi malo okhala ndi ndere zambiri. Cichlids wa m'nyanja ya Malawi amadziwika kuti nsomba zomwe zasinthidwa kuti zizidyera ndere.
Zitsanzo zamtunduwu, Labeotropheus trewavasae ndi Pseudotropheus zebra, ndizodziwika kwambiri. Ali ndi mano olimba omwe amalola kuti algae akokedwe pamiyala. Mollies amayang'ana kutsuka kwa ndere ndikuwazula. M'malo am'madzi, ndere ndi gawo lofunikira pakudya kwamikodzo yam'madzi, nyongolotsi zam'madzi ndi ma chiton.
Ndidalimbikitsa kukula kwa ndere mu cichlid yanga kuti ipange chilengedwe, ndikupeza kuchuluka kwa ma filamentous ndi diatoms. Chifukwa chake, kutengera mtundu wa nsomba ndi biotope kuchokera kumalo, kukula kwa ndere kungakhale koyenera.
Algae ndi gawo lofunikira pazakudya zamtundu monga mollies, cichlids zaku Africa, nsomba zina zaku Australia, ndi nsomba zam'madzi monga ancistrus kapena ototsinklus. Kusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nitrate m'madzi ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa ndere.
Mumadzi osanja bwino, odzaza ndi zomera, mchere umayendera bwino, zotsalazo zimadyedwa ndi zomera ndi ndere. Ndipo popeza mbewu zapamwamba nthawi zonse zimadya zakudya zambiri kuposa ndere, kukula kwawo kumakhala kochepa.
Algae wobiriwira mu aquarium kapena xenococus
Amapezeka m'madzi ambiri okhala ndi madontho obiriwira kapena zokutira zobiriwira. Algae awa amakonda kuwala kwambiri. Algae wobiriwira amakula kokha ngati kuchuluka kwa kuwala ndi nitrate kupitilira kuchuluka komwe mbewu zapamwamba zimatha kuyamwa.
M'malo okhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo, ndere zobiriwira zimakula bwino kwambiri, popeza mbewu zapamwamba zimadya zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndikutenga kuwala kofunikira pakukula kwamphamvu kwa algae wobiriwira.
Popanda kutsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu za pulasitiki m'nyanja yamadzi, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti zomera zamoyo zimawoneka bwino kwambiri ndikupanga zochitika zachitukuko chachilengedwe chonse.
Komabe, amatha kukula kwambiri m'madzi okhala ndi makina a CO2, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa mpweya wa carbon dioxide tsiku lonse. Kuphulika kwa kukula kwa algae wobiriwira kumatha kuchitika mwadzidzidzi, makamaka ngati mulingo wa phosphate ndi nitrate m'madzi ukukwera.
Nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati madontho obiriwira okutira galasi pamwamba ndi pansi pa aquarium. Njira zovomerezeka ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwala ndi kutalika kwa masana, ndi kuyeretsa kwamakina - ndi maburashi apadera kapena tsamba.
Mollies ndi catfish, monga ancistrus, amadya ndere zobiriwira bwino, ndipo ndimasunga zingapo mwanjira imeneyi. Nkhono ya Neretina imalimbananso ndi xenocokus ndi ndere zina.
Ndevu zakuda
Kuwonekera kwa ndevu zakuda mu aquarium ndi chizindikiro chakuti kuchuluka kwa zinyalala kwawonjezeka kwambiri, chifukwa zotsalira zamagulu zimakhala chakudya chake. Ndi algae awa omwe nthawi zambiri amakula pamakoma a aquarium ndi zomerazo, monga kapeti wakuda wakuda komanso wonyansa. Momwe mungagwirire ndi ndevu zakuda?
Njira yayikulu yolimbirana ndikuchepetsa mulingo wazinthu zachilengedwe. Kuyeretsa dothi, kusintha kwa madzi ndi kusefera kumachedwetsa kwambiri ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa ndevu zakuda. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchotsa zotsalira zadothi - kupopera pang'ono pamwamba pa nthaka.
Komanso, ndevu zakuda zimakonda kukhazikika m'malo oyenda bwino, awa ndi machubu amafyuluta, malo osefera, ndi zina zambiri. Zamakono zimapatsa ndevu chakudya chochuluka, zinthu zakuthupi zimakhazikika kumtunda kwake.
Ndibwino kuti muchepetse mafunde amphamvu mu aquarium. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa michere m'madzi, kuwonjezera pakukolola, mutha kukhala ndi mitundu yazomera zomwe zikukula mwachangu - elodea, nayas.
Momwe mungachitire ndi ndevu zakuda mumtsinje wa aquarium? Posachedwa, chida chatsopano chothanirana ndi ndevu ndi kuphulika kwawonekera - Cidex. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambirira (ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito) ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Yemwe adadza ndi lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito sidex motsutsana ndi ndevu zakuda, zikuwoneka, sadziwika. Koma chowonadi ndichakuti sidex imagwiranso ntchito, motsutsana ndi ndevu zonse zakuda komanso zopota.
Sidex imatsanulidwa kamodzi patsiku, m'mawa. Mlingo woyamba ndi mamililita 10-15 pa malita 100 amadzi. Pang'onopang'ono, mutha kukulira mpaka 25-30 milliliters (samalani, pa 30 ml Platidoras wamwalira!).
Mkazi waku Vietnam amayamba kumwalira mamililita 15-20. Amalemba kuti sizipha kwathunthu mzimayi waku Vietnam, koma sizili choncho. Mukungoyenera kuwonjezera sidex kwa milungu ina iwiri pambuyo poti flip-flop isowa kwathunthu.
Pali zochitika zotsuka kwathunthu m'madzi m'madzi. Pang'ono pang'ono (mpaka 20 ml), palibe vuto lililonse pa nsomba lomwe lidawonedwa, komabe, mbewu zina - hornwort, vallisneria, cryptocorynes, sidex sizimakonda ndipo zimatha kufa.
Mulimonsemo, kutchulidwa kwa mankhwalawa ndikungodziwitsa okha, onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga mawonekedwe anu musanagwiritse ntchito. Mankhwalawa siabwino!
Algae wakuda mu aquarium
Algae wa Brown amakula mwachangu ngati mulibe kuwala kochepa mu aquarium. Amawoneka ngati zigamba zofiirira zokutira chilichonse m'nyanja. Kawirikawiri, zomera zomwe zimakonda kuwala sizikhala bwino kapena zimatha.
Zomera zomwe zimalolera kumeta bwino, monga moss wa ku Javanese, anubias ochepa ndi mitundu ina ya anubias, zimatha kuphimbidwa ndi kanema wofiirira, ndipo masamba olimba a anubias amatha kupukutidwa kuti athetse ndere zofiirira.
Apanso, oyeretsa aquarium, ancistrus, kapena ototsinklus ndi othandiza. Koma yankho losavuta kwambiri ndikukulitsa mphamvu ndi nthawi yayitali masana. Kawirikawiri, ndere zofiirira zimatha msanga, kuyatsa kukakhala koyenera.
Algae a Brown nthawi zambiri amapangidwa m'madzi am'madzi okhala ndi malire osakhazikika (osakwana miyezi itatu mpaka 3), okhala ndi nyali yolakwika komanso nthawi yayitali kwambiri masana.
Kuchulukanso kwakukulu kwamasana kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa kwambiri.
Flip flop mu aquarium
Alendo obwerezabwereza kum'madzi atsopano okhala ndi mayendedwe osakhazikika a nayitrogeni. Mwachilengedwe, ili pafupi ndi ndevu zakuda motero njira zothanirana nazo ndizofanana. Kuchepetsa milingo ya nitrate poyeretsa nthaka, m'malo mwa madzi ndikusefa ndi fyuluta yamphamvu.
- Choyamba, mzimayi waku Vietnam amakhala wolimba mtima nthawi zambiri kuposa ndevu. Ngakhale mwezi wathunthu mumdima wathunthu sukumpha. Ndi yolimba, yolimba komanso yolimba kwambiri pamtunda uliwonse.
- Kachiwiri, palibe amene amadya, kupatula mitundu 1-2 ya nkhono.
- Chachitatu, chifukwa chowonekera. Flip-flop nthawi zambiri imabweretsedwera kuchokera kumadzi ena am'madzi.
Zakudya
Kapena ma diatoms (lat. Diatomeae) ndi gulu lalikulu la algae omwe amakhala amtundu umodzi. Makamaka ma unicellular, ngakhale pali mitundu ina yazigawo. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa diatoms ndikuti ali ndi chipolopolo chopangidwa ndi silicon dioxide.
Maganizo amenewa ndi osiyana kwambiri, ena ndi okongola, koma amawoneka ngati mbali ziwiri zopanda malire pakati pawo.
Zotsalira zakale zikuwonetsa kuti ma diatom adawonekera koyambirira kwa Jurassic. Mitundu yoposa 10,000 ya mitundu tsopano ikupezeka.
Muma aquarium, zimawoneka ngati ndere zofiirira, zomwe zimakuta mawonekedwe onse amkati ndi kanema wopitilira. Nthawi zambiri zimawonekera mu aquarium yatsopano kapena pakakhala kusowa kwa kuwala.
Mutha kuzichotsa komanso zofiirira, powonjezera kuchuluka ndi kutalika kwa maola masana. Ndiyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yamkati ndi fyuluta ya kaboni kuti muchotse ma silicates m'madzi.
Algae wabuluu wobiriwira mumtambo
Algae wobiriwira wabuluu ndi magulu a mabakiteriya, ndipo umu ndi momwe amasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya ndere. Amawoneka ngati kanema wobiriwira, woterera wokuta nthaka ndi zomera mu aquarium. Simawonekera kawirikawiri mu aquarium, ndipo, monga lamulo, mwa iwo omwe samasamalidwa bwino.
Monga mabakiteriya onse, amatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimawononga zomera ndi nsomba zomwe zimapezeka m'nyanjayi, choncho ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Momwe mungachitire ndi algae wabuluu wobiriwira mumtambo wa aquarium?
Monga lamulo, maantibayotiki a bicillin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondoyi, kapena mitundu ina ya maantibayotiki, koma muyenera kugwira nawo ntchito mosamala kwambiri, mutha kukhudza mosasunthika onse okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndi bwino kuyesa thanki posintha madzi ndi kuyeretsa.
Madzi obiriwira mumtsinje wa aquarium kapena madzi akuchuluka
Madzi obiriwira mumtambo wa aquarium amapezeka chifukwa chobereketsa mwachangu alga - green euglena. Amadziwonetsera ngati madzi amvula mpaka mtundu wobiriwira kwathunthu. Madzi amataya mawonekedwe ake owonekera, kuchuluka kwa aquarium kumasokonezeka, nsomba zimavutika.
Monga lamulo, kuphulika kwamadzi kumachitika masika, ndikuwonjezeka kwa kuwala, ndipo madzi amamasula m'madamu achilengedwe omwe timapezako madzi. Pofuna kuthana ndi pachimake chamadzi, muyenera kuchepetsa kuyatsa mu aquarium pang'ono, ndibwino kuti musayatse konse kwakanthawi.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndi nyali ya UV yomwe imayikidwa mu fyuluta yakunja.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri yolimbana ndi pachimake cha madzi ndikupanga kusintha ndikusinthiratu madziwo kwa masiku 3-4 (mwachitsanzo, kuphimba ndi bulangeti). Zomera zidzapulumuka izi. Nsomba nawonso. Koma madzi nthawi zambiri amaleka kufalikira. Pambuyo pake, pangani cholowa m'malo.
Ulusi
Zosefera mu aquarium zimakhala ndi mitundu ingapo - edogonium, spirogyra, cladofora, rhizoclonium. Onsewa ndi ogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe awo - ofanana ndi ulusi woonda, mipira yobiriwira. Ndi ulusi wobiriwira wobiriwira. Momwe mungachitire ndi ulusi mu aquarium?
Njira yodziwikiratu ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito ma algicides - othandizira omwe amathandizira kulimbana ndi ndere mu aquarium, amatha kugulidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa ziweto. Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndikuchotsa pamanja.
Monga lamulo, ulusiwo ndi wosalimba ndipo umachoka mosavuta pamwamba. Komanso, mitundu ina ya nkhono zokhala ndi nyambo zimakonda kudya nkhanu, mwachitsanzo, gulu la nkhono za Amano zimatha kutsuka mosavuta ngakhale nyanja yayikulu ya filament.
Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwake zimadalira michere ya madzi. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti feteleza wochuluka adathiridwa mu aquarium, kapena pali gawo lapansi mu aquarium, limatulutsa michere ndipo palibe amene angayamwe. Zikatero, m'malo ndi zomera zomwe zikukula mwachangu (nayas ndi elodea, hornwort) zimathandiza
Chifukwa chiyani ndere zimakula mumtsinje wa aquarium
- Aquarium yomwe ili ndi zomera zambiri zam'madzi am'madzi a aquarium, algae amakhalabe mmenemo, koma sangapangike mwachangu.
- Mpweya wabwino wamadzi - kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kumalepheretsa kukula kwa algae.
- Kusefa ndi kusonkhezera madzi kuchotsa zotsalira zamagulu ndi nitrate
- Kuunikira kwathunthu - osapitirira maola 12 patsiku, ndi mphamvu zokwanira.
- Nsomba zingapo zam'madzi mu aquarium, zochuluka, zimapanga ma nitrate, omwe sangatengeke ndi zomera.
- Nsomba zomwe zimadya algae - mollies, ancistrus, loricaria, SAE (Siamese algae eaters), ototsinklus, girinoheilus.
- Kudyetsa pang'ono, zinyalala zovunda ndi zomwe zimapereka kwambiri ma nitrate.
- Kuyeretsa nthawi zonse kwa aquarium ndikusintha madzi ena.
Algae mu aquarium yatsopano
M'm'madzi otalikirapo kumene, kayendedwe ka nayitrogeni sikunakhazikitsidwe, ndipo makamaka atha kuphulika.
Zowona kuti ndere zidzawonekera mu aquarium yatsopano ndi zachilendo. M'masabata oyambira 2-10 mutayamba aquarium yatsopano, mutha kuwona kukula kwa ndere zofiirira. Izi zimachitika ngati mulingo wa nitrate m'madzi upitilira 50 mg pa lita. Kusefera ndikusintha kwamadzi pang'ono kumathetsa vutoli.
Mbewuzo zikangoyamba mizu ndikukula, zimachotsa zakudya kuchokera ku nderezo ndipo kukula kwake kumachedwa kapena kuyima. Mu aquarium yokhazikika, pamakhala kulimbana kokhazikika pakati pa zomera ndi algae.
Nsomba zomwe zimathandiza kulimbana ndi ndere mu aquarium:
- Ancistrus
- SAE mogwirizana
- Otozinklus
- Gerinoheilus
- Mtsinje pterygoplicht
Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu za nkhono za Neretina ndizotsuka bwino kwambiri.
