Zolemba amatchulidwa chifukwa cha mchira woboola singano. Chingwe cha nthenga zake zosongoka chimawonekera pouluka komanso pakusambira kwa bakha. Zowona, amuna okha ndiamene amasiyana pamchirawo. Amakhala pafupifupi kotala kuposa akazi kukula kwake.
Chotetacho chili ngati kukula kwa mallard, koma chimapindidwa mokongola kwambiri. Komabe, kuwoloka molondola ndikotheka. Zophatikiza za mallard ndi pintail zinalembedwa, mwachitsanzo, ku Ufa. Abakha angapo a interspecific adakumana kumeneko mu 2013.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mbalameyi
Zojambula pachithunzichi imatha kuwonekera m'magulu awiri. Amuna ndi mainchesi 75 kutalika ndipo amalemera kilogalamu. Mutu wake ndi wachakuda bulauni, pansi pake wakuda ndipo mimba ndi yoyera. Kumbuyo ndi pamwamba pamapiko a mbalamezo ndi imvi.
Mtundu womwewo wokhala ndi utoto wabuluu pakamwa pa amuna. Palibe pafupifupi chinyezi chachitsulo mumtundu wa mbalame. Izi ndizosiyana ndi abakha ambiri. zojambula.
Drake mitundu ili ndi "galasi" lobiriwira pamapiko ake. Mwa akazi ndi bulauni, ndipo akazi enieniwo ndi opakidwa utoto. Pali pafupifupi mithunzi yoyera. Amalowetsedwa ndi bulauni yakuda. Zotsatira zake, zazikazi zimawoneka zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale sizowala, zimafanana ndi ma mallards amtundu. Ganizirani chithunzi (chachikazi) osaposa 900 magalamu.
Pintail - bakha osati kokha ndi mchira wopingasa komanso wosongoka, komanso mapiko. Izi zimagwira amuna ndi akazi. Kukula kwawo kumakhala kwapakatikati poyerekeza ndi akazi ndi amuna amtundu wina wa abakha.
Khosi lalitali komanso lopyapyala limapangitsa chidwi cha mapiritsi. Zimapereka kuyandikana kwa mitunduyo ndi swans. Iwo, monga abakha, ali m'gulu la Anseriformes. Khosi la chala ndi lalitali kuposa la abakha ena.
Mutu womwe uli pakhosi lachisangalalo la utotowo ndi wozungulira bwino. Miyendo yaimvi yabuluu ya mbalame imapatsa ulemu mawonekedwe. Kukoma kwa nyama zadothi ndikwabwino. Ndizabwino kuposa abakha ena. Chifukwa chake, mitunduyo imawerengedwa kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali yogulitsa. Chifukwa chake zikuwonekeratu kuti bakha pintail zakutchire... Palibe chifukwa chosakira zoweta.
Mitundu ya utoto
Zojambula 2 mitundu: wamba ndi nkhokwe. Oimira omaliza akufotokozedwa mu 1758 ndi Karl Linnaeus. Kunja zojambula Amadziwika ndi kuyika kofiira m'mbali mwa milomo yakuda buluu komanso masaya amkaka. Izi ndi zizindikilo za ma drake ndi abakha.
Amuna amtundu wamba omwe afotokozedwa m'mutu woyamba amakhalanso ndi zoyera pamutu pawo. Mizere yopyapyala imachokera kukhosi, kudutsa pafupifupi kumbuyo kwa mutu.
Mtundu wachiwiri uli ndi utoto woyera wambiri pamutu. Mtundu umayambira pamlomo mpaka pansi pamaso ndi pakati pakhosi. Kuphatikiza apo, mikwingwirima yoyera imatsikira mthupi, zomwe sizili choncho ndi mapiritsi wamba.
Mbalame yosungira imakhala ndi utoto wofiirira kwambiri. Gawo la imvi limasungidwa pang'ono. Maonekedwe onse amafanana ndi abakha akumwera, omwe mapale ake osokonekera nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Atasankha malo ozizira, pintail adatha kukhazikika padziko lonse lapansi. Ponena za kuchuluka pakati pa abakha, heroine wa nkhaniyi ndi wachiwiri kwa mallard, amafika ku magombe a Arctic kumpoto ndipo maiko aku Africa akumwera.
Africa ili ndi zodulira m'nyengo yozizira. Mabanja opanda nthenga amasamuka. Ku Africa, abakha amaima kumpoto kwa dziko. Gawo la nyengo yachisanu kumwera kwa Europe. Gawo lina lazitsulo limasamukira kumayiko aku Asia.
Munthawi yogona, zala zimapezeka kudera lonse la Eurasia, makamaka kumadzulo kwa Russia. Apa abakha asankha Siberia, komabe, palinso kunja kwake.
Malo okhala abakha amatengera mitundu yawo. Oimira wamba afalikira ku Russia. Zojambula zoyera-masaya zimakhala kutsidya kwa nyanja, ku South America. Mitunduyi imatchedwanso Bahamian, chifukwa mbalame zamatchire zimapezeka ku Caribbean.
Mapepala aku America amakonda kukhazikika pamadzi amchere. Zolemba zachilendo zimasankhidwa mwatsopano, zimatha kutero ndi mafunde osefukira. Mbalame zamasaya oyera zimakonda mangrove. Mapepala wamba amasankha malo audzu. Abakha aku America amatha kupanga chisa mumitengo. Oimira mitundu yodziwika bwino amagona pansi.
Abakha a Barnacle safunika kusamukira kwina. M'nyengo yotentha yaku South America, pintail amakhala chaka chonse. Mbalame wamba zakhala zikupanga kayendedwe ka ndege. Mbalame zimafika kumalo osungira zisa mu Epulo, komanso kumapeto kwa Meyi. Tsiku lenileni limatengera dera, kutentha kwa chaka china.
Kwa nyengo yozizira, pintail imachotsedwa pofika Okutobala. Zimauluka m'magulu a anthu pafupifupi 20. Komabe, ziweto zimayandikana. Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti gawo la anthu 200-1000 likuuluka. Kuthamanga kwa bakha wakumpoto ndi kumwera kumasiyanasiyana. Choyamba chimakwirira makilomita 70 patsiku. Pintail yakumwera ikuyenda makilomita opitilira 100.
Mapepala ali ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri osasinthasintha pakati pa abakha. Pansi, oimira banja nawonso amasuntha mwachangu, modzipereka. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka utoto, zimadzuka mlengalenga mofanana kuchokera pansi komanso m'madzi. Mbalame zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri kumapeto.
Zakudya zamafuta
Mukakhazikika panyanja yotseguka, yayikulu, koma yosaya, pintail imasankhidwa yodzala ndi maudzu am'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amakhala ngati maziko a chakudya cha mbalame. Samangouluka bwino kwambiri kuposa abakha ena, komanso amathira pansi. Pachifukwa ichi, mchira umakwera mozungulira mmwamba. Khosi lalitali la chala chimathandizira kusaka bwino pansi pamunsi kuti mupeze chakudya.
Kuyambira Juni mpaka Ogasiti, amuna amphongo amasunthira kunyanja ndi mitsinje yodzaza ndi bango. Cholimbikitsacho sichakudya chochuluka ngati mwayi wobisala. Nthawi molt imayamba. Pogwetsa zovala zawo zokwatirana, ma drakes mwina amasiya kuthawa. Pokhala pangozi, mbalame zimakonda kubisala pakati pa mabango.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati tizilombo timapezeka pamwamba pa madzi odula, mbalame zam'madzi zimatha kupindula nazo. Zakudya zamapuloteni zimakhala pafupifupi 10% yazakudya za abakha akulu. Gawo la nyama zazing'ono ndi 30% kuposa. Anapiye amafunika mapuloteni kuti akule msanga msanga. Kuphatikiza pa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, leeches, tadpoles, mwachangu ndi mollusks zimatha kulowa "patebulo".
Abakha okhala ndi utoto nthawi zambiri amadyetsa madzulo ndi usiku. Izi zimapulumutsa mbalame ku zovuta za adani ambiri.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yokolola mawu opopera imagwira ntchito yokopa wamkazi. Drake amayamba ndikumenyetsa mkokomo. Kupitilira apo, mluzu wamamvekedwe koma wamfupi umamveka. Nyimbo ikuyamba pintail masika... Kuyimbako kumamveka pothamanga komanso pamene drake ili pamadzi.
Mverani mawu a pintail
Ikakwerana, yaikazi imaikira mazira mpaka 10 pachisa chomwe idakonzeratu. Amadzipukutira mosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku udzu, womwe umakhala pakakhumudwa. Imalowa m'nthaka pafupifupi masentimita 10. Kukula kwa thireyi ndi 25 masentimita.
Zomangamanga zili pafupi kapena pamalo omangirira, ozunguliridwa ndi udzu wandiweyani. Mazira pafupifupi 4 cm mulifupi ndi 5 sentimita yayitali ndi oyera ndi sheen wachikasu-azitona.
Popeza drake yemwe amachita molting amanyalanyaza makulitsidwe, mkaziyo amadzichotsera yekha, ndikupanga ma roller ake. Mbalameyi imaphimba nawo mazirawo, ndikusiya kudya.
Anapiye amaswa mu Julayi. Kuyika kumachitika mu Meyi. Mu Julayi, achichepere ali kale pamapiko, odziyimira pawokha. Pofika chaka chimodzi, mbalamezo zimapanga awiriawiri. Amapangidwa panthawi yosamukira.
Mbalame zoyenda utoto zimakhala zothinana pakati pa abakha. Panali munthu yemwe adamwalira ali ndi zaka 26. Iye anasungidwa mu ukapolo. Mwachilengedwe, abakha kawirikawiri amakhala ndi zaka 20.
Kusaka zojambula
Kupita kukasaka m'malo athyathyathya, muyenera kutenga ndodo yolimba yamitengo 2-3 kutalika kwa msaki. Ndikotheka kuyeza kuya, kupewa zolephera. Popanda ndodo, mivi imaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati pali mphanda pa nthambiyi, imagwiritsa ntchito popachika chikwama cha duffel. Amasungidwa owuma. Ngati ndi choncho, ndibwino kuyika kampasi m'thumba lanu. Ndikofunika kulemba manjira panjira ndikupeza pakhomo lolowera kudambo. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupeze njira yobwererera.
Kusaka pintail kuli pafupi kutsata gogol ndi bakha. Awa ndi oimira ena awiri abanja la bakha. Amawombera ndi nambala yachisanu. Ngakhale asaka ena amalimbikitsa # 3.
Abakha amakopeka ndi zonyenga komanso nyama zodzaza. Payenera kukhala mbalame pafupifupi 20 pagulu lalikulu la osaka ndi pafupifupi 10 m'modzi. Nyama zowakulungidwa zimayikidwa mtunda wa mamitala 5 kuchokera pogona ndi milomo yawo motsutsana ndi mphepo.
Chinyengo chazithunzi imapatsa wosalankhulayo mawu, kutsanzira bakha. Komabe, ndizothandiza kwambiri kugwira ntchito ndi pintail yachinyengo. Bakha amasungidwa kunyumba, amaphunzitsidwa kukhala pafupi ndi mlenje, ndikupereka mawu. Kuitana kwazimayi kumapangitsa kuti ma drake ayambe, kuwuluka kupita kumene kuli quack.
Popeza ziweto zimasonkhana pagulu lalikulu pokhapokha posamuka komanso pakusungunuka, ndiye kuti amasaka. Molting amachititsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta, chifukwa mbalame sizitha kuthawa. Abakha sanazolowere kuthamanga, kupewa zipolopolo, amangoyandama.
Pamadamu osankhidwa ndi amuna kuti azisungunuka, akazi amathanso kukhala. Awa ndi anthu omwe ataya zowalamulira, kapena atasiyidwa opanda mnzawo.
Ndi chizolowezi kupita kukasaka masiku amphepo, amitambo. Nyengo imapangitsa abakha kuwuluka pamwamba, kufunafuna chivundikiro chabwino. Pakadali pano amawombera. Zaka zimakhala tsiku lonse. Nyengo yoyera, utoto umakwera pamapiko m'mawa kwambiri komanso, dzuwa litalowa.
Malo obisalapo mlenje amapangidwa m'malire a posungira ndi mabango m'mbali mwake. Kuwombera kumapangidwa pachala chosambira. Pofuna kuti malo obisalapo asadzutse kukayikira kwake, amamanga malo okhala kuchokera kugombe lanyanja. Nthawi zambiri, skradka imakhala yozungulira, pansi pamsinkhu wa mlenjeyo. Imayang'anizana ndi mphepo. Bakha amathanso kutsutsana ndi mafunde ampweya.
Mpando umayikidwa mkati mwa skradka. Popanda izi, muyenera kuyimirira kwa nthawi yayitali, ndatopa ndikutaya mwayi wowombera molondola. Muyeneranso kupulumutsa mphamvu popanga pogona pomwe pompopompo padzabweretsa mbalame zomwe zaphedwa. Kupanda kutero, muyenera kuthamangitsa pepala lililonse.
Ndipo umatopa, ndipo umaoneka ngati nthenga. Ndikofunika kukhala ndi galu wosaka pafupi. Adzagwira ntchito yofufuza abakha okhwima.
Popanda galu, ndikofunikira kuwombera mpaka imfa. Pintail, mu mawu osakira, ndi olimba pachilondacho. Nyama zovulazidwa zimathamangira m'mitengo yambiri, momwe zimakhala zovuta kumaliza mbalamezo. Ngati pali galu pafupi, kumapeto kwa kusaka amabweretsa kuchokera m'nkhalango osati eni ake ovulala okha, komanso osaka ena.
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zikho zambiri kuposa zowombera bwino kwambiri. Popeza pintail ndiyofala komanso mitundu yambiri, palibe zoletsa kuwombera.
