Doberman (English Doberman kapena Doberman Pinscher Doberman Pinscher) ndi mtundu wa agalu apakatikati opangidwa ndi wokhometsa msonkho Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19.
Zolemba
- Ndi olimba ndipo amafunikira zochitika, kuyenda, kupsinjika.
- Awa ndiotetezera banja lomwe lidzamchitira chilichonse.
- Ubweya wafupi suwateteza bwino ku chisanu, ndipo nyengo yozizira mumafunikira zovala ndi nsapato.
- Galu uyu amakonda kukhala ndi banja lake. Nokha, mu aviary, amavutika, amatopa komanso amakhala ndi nkhawa.
- Kusalolera kuzizira komanso kusungulumwa kumawapangitsa kukhala agalu anyumba. Amakonda kunama pamoto kapena pampando wapamtunda.
- Mtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndiwowopsa, ngakhale izi sizowona. Ngakhale galu wanu amacheza ndi alendo, dziwani kuti oyandikana nawo ndi anthu omwe mumakumana nawo amatha kumuopa.
- Amagwirizana bwino ndi ana ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala anzawo.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Ngakhale uwu ndi mtundu wachichepere, palibe zambiri zakapangidwe kake. Idawonekera kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa munthu m'modzi. Pakati pa 1860-70, panali zosintha zandale komanso zandale zomwe zidathandizira pakupanga mtunduwo. Uku ndiko kuphatikiza kwa Germany, kutchuka kwa ziwonetsero za agalu komanso kufalikira kwa chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa Germany kudapangitsa kuti dziko limodzi likhazikitsidwe, m'malo mwa maboma obalalika ndi mayiko. Dziko latsopanoli limafunikira makina oyang'anira, omwe a Dobermans adakhala nawo. Anatumikira okhometsa misonkho, apolisi komanso osunga agalu ku Apolda, Thuringia.
Makanema agalu ndi kennel makalabu adakhazikitsidwa koyamba ku England, koma mwachangu anafalikira ku Western Europe. Maonekedwe awo abweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa chidwi ndi mtundu wa mitundu yoyera.
Ndi chilakolako cha chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko ndi chibadwa, ku chikhumbo chofuna kupanga agalu atsopano.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, Friedrich Louis Dobermann adakhala m'malo angapo, kuphatikiza oyang'anira misonkho komanso wapolisi usiku. Zinali zachizolowezi panthawiyo kuti anthu pantchitozi amayenda ndi agalu olondera. Pazifukwa zosadziwika, sakhutitsidwa ndi agalu omwe amapezeka ndipo aganiza zopanga zake.
Tsiku lenileni silikudziwika, koma akukhulupirira kuti izi zidachitika pakati pa 1870 ndi 1880. Ndipo chaka chobadwa cha mtunduwo chimawerengedwa kuti ndi 1890, pomwe adagula nyumba mumzinda wa Apolda, akufuna kukhala woweta kwambiri. Poyamba, amangokhala ndi chidwi ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe: nkhanza, kuphunzira komanso kuthekera kuteteza.
Cholinga chake ndikupanga galu wowopsa yemwe amatha kulimbana ndi alendo, koma molamulidwa ndi eni ake. Kuti akwaniritse izi, amadutsa agalu osiyanasiyana, ngati akukhulupirira kuti athandizapo. Amathandizidwa ndi abwenzi awiri apolisi, Rabelais ndi Böttger. Sangokhala abwenzi okha, komanso anthu amaganizo amodzi omwe akufuna kupanga galu wangwiro.
Sasamala zinthu monga mbadwa, ngakhale galu akuchokera kuti, ngati zingathandize kukwaniritsa cholinga chake. Zotsatira zake, Dobermann samasunga mabuku a ziweto.
Zomwe tikudziwa ndi maina a agalu okhaokha, koma ngakhale agalu amtundu wanji ndichinsinsi. Kuyambira pomwe anamwalira, kutsutsana kwakuti ndi agalu amtundu wanji omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sikutha. Zonse zomwe zitha kuyerekeredwa zidabwera kuchokera pazofunsidwa ndi mwana wake wamwamuna komanso oweta akale angapo omwe adapatsidwa pambuyo pa 1930.
Panali msika waukulu wa zoo ku Apolda, kuphatikizapo mu ntchito yake sikuti anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi agalu osiyanasiyana, komanso ankayimira bwino nkhanza zawo, momwe amachitira ndi malingaliro awo.
Palibe mgwirizano pakati pa okonda mitundu yamasiku ano kuti ndi mtundu uti womwe wakhala waukulu pantchito yoswana. Ena amatcha Pinscher yaku Germany, imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zinali zofala kwambiri nthawi imeneyo, kuwonjezera apo, mawonekedwe ofanana kwambiri.
Ena amalankhula za Galu Wakale Wakale waku Germany (Altdeutscher Schäferhund), wotsogola wamakono. Enanso amatcha Beauceron, yomwe idabwera ku Germany limodzi ndi asitikali a Napoleon ndipo imawonekeranso chimodzimodzi. Chowonadi ndichakuti pali makolo ambiri osiyanasiyana m'magazi amtunduwu kotero kuti ndizosatheka kusankhira amodzi ndi amodzi. Komanso, ambiri a iwo anali mestizo okha.
Zosakanikirana zilizonse zomwe zinali m'magazi a Doberman Pinschers, mtunduwo udasinthidwa mwachangu kwambiri. Pa imfa yake (mu 1894), anali atavala kale yunifolomu, ngakhale anali wosiyana ndi agalu amakono.
Agalu oyamba anali olimba komanso osakhazikika. Komabe, adagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri ndi apolisi komanso chitetezo. Dobermann ndi abwenzi ake adagulitsa agalu kumsika ku Apolda, zomwe zidathandizira kufalitsa mitundu yonse ku Europe. Anayamikiridwanso ndi apolisi akomweko, omwe adalumikizidwa ndi anzawo ochokera konsekonse ku Germany.
Otto Goeller ndi Oswin Tischler adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa mtunduwo. Woyamba adalemba mtundu woyamba wa mtundu mu 1899 ndikupanga kilabu yoyamba, ndipo adaitcha kuti Doberman Pinscher. Chaka chomwecho, Club ya Kennel yaku Germany imazindikira mtundu wonsewo.
Ngakhale Galu Wam'busa waku Germany ndiye galu wodziwika kwambiri, a Dobermans ali ndi mafani awo, makamaka ankhondo aku US. Mu 1921, Doberman Pinscher Club of America idapangidwa, bungwe lodzipereka kutetezera ndikudziwitsa mtunduwo mdziko muno.
Ngati pazaka izi AKC imalembetsa ana agalu pafupifupi 100 pachaka, ndiye kuti pofika 1930 chiwerengerochi chidapitilira 1000. Pakuyamba kwa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse, nambala iyi inali itafika kale ana agalu 1600 pachaka. Mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri, achoka ku mtundu wodziwika bwino kuchokera ku Germany kupita ku mtundu wina wotchuka kwambiri ku America.
Pakadali pano, Club ya Kennel yaku Germany inali itachotsa kale dzina loyambirira la Pinscher kuchokera ku dzina lachifuko, chifukwa siligwirizana kwenikweni ndi Pinscher weniweni. Mabungwe ambiri a canine amamutsatira, koma ku United States dzinali lidakalipo mpaka lero.
Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, US Marine Corps idazigwiritsa ntchito ngati chizindikiro, ngakhale sanali okhawo omwe anali ndi agalu amenewa.
Pambuyo pa nkhondo, mtunduwo udatsala pang'ono kutayika. Kuyambira 1949 mpaka 1958, palibe mwana wagalu m'modzi yemwe adalembetsedwa ku Germany. Werner Jung adachita nawo ntchito yobwezeretsa mtunduwo m'dziko lakwawo, kusonkhanitsa ana agalu pakati pa omwe adapulumuka. Komabe, agalu anakhalabe otchuka komanso ofala ku United States.
Lero ndi imodzi mwamitundu yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ili ponseponse. Amapitilizabe kugwira ntchito ya apolisi, pachikhalidwe, ankhondo, komanso amapulumutsa ndipo amachita nawo masewera. Komabe, agalu ambiri ndi abwenzi chabe ndi anzawo, anzawo a okhala m'mizinda.
Ndizosatheka kudziwa kutchuka kwenikweni kwa mtunduwo, koma ku USA ndiye pamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, mchaka cha 2010, mtunduwo udakhala pa nambala 14 potengera kuchuluka kwa omwe adalembetsa, mwa mitundu yonse 167 yolembetsedwa ndi AKC.
Kufotokozera za mtunduwo
Iyi ndi galu wokongola, ngakhale woopsa. Ngakhale mtunduwo poyamba unali wapakatikati kukula, agalu amakono ndi akulu kwambiri.
Amuna amafika mpaka 68-72 cm atafota (pafupifupi 69 cm), ndikulemera 40-45 kg. Zilonda ndizochepa pang'ono, zimafota 63-68 cm (pafupifupi 65), ndikulemera 32-35 kg. Mzere waku Europe, makamaka waku Russia, ndi wokulirapo komanso wokulirapo kuposa waku America.
Iyi ndi galu woyenerera bwino komanso womangidwa bwino, sipayenera kukhala kusamvana pakati pake.
Doberman Pinschers ndi amodzi mwa agalu othamanga kwambiri, okhala ndi zotumphukira zaminyewa zonyezimira pansi pa khungu la satini. Koma, sayenera kupanga mawonekedwe apakati, chisomo chokha ndi kukhazikika. Pachikhalidwe, mchira umakhala wolumikizidwa mpaka ma vertebrae 2-3, m'mbuyomu udafikiridwa mpaka 4 ma vertebrae.
Komabe, sikuti ndi zachikale, koma ndizoletsedwa kale m'maiko ena aku Europe. Kuphika kumakhala kofala ku Russia, USA ndi Japan, m'maiko aku Europe ndi Australia ndizoletsedwa. Ngati mchira udakalipo, ndiye kuti ukhoza kukhala wosiyana. Zambiri ndizitali komanso zopyapyala, zowongoka kapena zopindika pang'ono.
Agaluwa adapangidwa kuti azitetezedwa ndipo chilichonse chomwe chikuwonekera chimalankhula zakutha kudziyimira pawokha komanso kwa eni. Mutu ndi wopapatiza komanso wautali, ngati mphete yosalala. Mphuno ndi yayitali, yakuya, yopapatiza. Milomo ndi yolimba komanso youma, imabisa mano kwathunthu galuyo akamasuka. Mtundu wa mphuno umafanana ndi mtundu wa malayawo ndipo umatha kukhala wakuda, wabulauni, wotuwa kapena wakuda.
Maso ake ndi apakatikati, ooneka ngati amondi, nthawi zambiri amatikutira ndi mtundu wa malaya omwe amavutika kusiyanitsa. Makutu amadulidwa kuti ayimirire ndikusunga mawonekedwe awo, koma mchitidwewu ndi oletsedwa m'maiko ena. Kuchita opaleshoni kumachitika pansi pa opaleshoni, pakatha milungu 7 mpaka 9 ya moyo, ngati imachitika mpaka milungu 12, ndiye kuti siyabwino kwenikweni.
Makutu achilengedwe ndi ang'ono, mawonekedwe amakona atatu, akugwa m'masaya mwawo.
Chovalacho ndi chachifupi, choluka komanso cholimba, chovala chofewa komanso chofewa, nthawi zambiri chimakhala cha imvi. Agalu ambiri (makamaka akuda), amawoneka onyezimira.
Ma Dobermans amabwera mitundu iwiri: wakuda, wakuda wakuda, ndi utoto wofiyira wofiira.
Zolemba izi ziyenera kupezeka pankhope, pakhosi, pachifuwa, miyendo, pansi pa mchira komanso pamwamba pamaso.
Zigamba zazing'ono zoyera (zosakwana 2 cm m'mimba mwake) zitha kukhala pachifuwa, koma izi ndizosafunikira ndipo zitha kuletsedwa m'mabungwe ena.
Pali ochepa oweta albino Doberman. Agalu amenewa akusowa mtundu wa pigment, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mavuto azaumoyo siotchuka. Olima achilengedwe amatsutsana ndi maalubino ndipo sapezeka pamawonetsero.
Khalidwe
Mtunduwo uli ndi mbiri yoyipa, koma izi sizabwino kwenikweni kwa agalu amakono. Pali malingaliro akuti ndiwokwiya komanso oopsa. Monga galu wolondera, Doberman anali wamkulu komanso wowopsa, wopanda mantha komanso wokhoza kuteteza mwini wake, komabe womvera ndikuchita pakulamula kokha.
Makhalidwewa adathandizira mtunduwo kukhala mlonda, mlonda, galu womenyera, koma wopanda ungwiro monga mnzake. Popita nthawi, kufunikira kwa mikhalidwe imeneyi kwachepa, ndipo agalu amakono ndi okhulupirika, anzeru, osamalika. Amathabe kuteteza eni ake ndi banja lawo, koma samangowonetsa chiwawa kwa iye.
Zimakhala zovuta kudabwitsa munthu ndi kukhulupirika kwa galu, koma mtunduwu umafuna malingaliro osiyana. Uku ndiko kudalirika kotheratu, kokhazikika komwe kumakhala moyo wonse. Kuphatikiza apo, amakonda anthu kwambiri, ambiri amayesetsa kukhala ndi mabanja awo momwe angathere. Ndi vuto ngakhale ngati akufuna kugwada kapena kukwawa pabedi.
Agalu omwe anakulira ndi mwini m'modzi amamuphatikiza, koma iwo omwe anakulira pachifuwa cha banja amakonda mamembala ake onse. Zowona, zina ndizambiri. Popanda achibale komanso anthu, amakonda kulakalaka ndikukhala okhumudwa, komanso sakonda kutukwana m'banjamo.
Sakonda kutukwana, kukuwa ndi kupsinjika kwambiri kotero kuti amakhala osakhazikika m'maganizo ndikudwala.
Amadziwika kuti ndi achiwawa, koma kwakukulu ndi agalu achikulire omwe adatumikirako. Agalu amakono amakhala odekha, okhazikika komanso osakhazikika. Amakonda kukhala ndi achibale kapena anzawo ndipo amakhala osamala komanso osadalira alendo.
Komabe, ambiri ophunzitsidwa sadzawonetsa chiwawa popanda kuwalamulira, ngakhale sadzanyambita manja awo. Agalu amenewo omwe sanakhalepo limodzi ndi kuphunzitsidwa amatha kuwonetsa nkhanza komanso mantha kwa alendo.
Ndi agalu olondera abwino, salola aliyense kulowa m'malo mwake ndipo achita zonse zoteteza banja lawo. Popanda kuzengereza pakuchita kukakamiza, amayesa kuwopseza mdani, kupatula agalu ankhanza komanso osakhazikika.
Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti a Dobermans samakonda kuluma ndikuvulaza kwambiri kuposa mitundu yofananira, Rottweilers ndi Akita Inu.
Mwana wagalu akamaleredwa moyenera, amakhala mnzake wapamtima wa mwanayo. Ndiofewa, odekha ndi ana, ndipo mukafunika kuwateteza amwalira, koma sangamupatse mwana cholakwa. Iwo samangokonda kunyozedwa kapena kuzunzidwa, koma palibe galu amene amakonda zimenezo.
Zovuta zomwe zingachitike zimatha kuchitika galu atakhala kuti sachezeka komanso sadziwa ana. Mwachitsanzo, masewera awo othamanga, kukuwa komanso ngakhale kumenya nkhondo akhoza kulakwitsa kuti awukire ndikutchinjiriza.
Koma zikafika pofananira ndi nyama zina, amatha kudziwonetsera okha kuchokera kuzabwino komanso zoyipa. Ambiri amalandira agalu ena bwino, makamaka amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Kukula ndi kucheza ndi galu ndikofunikira pano, chifukwa ena amatha kukhala ankhanza kwa ena. Makamaka amuna ndi amuna, popeza ali ndiukali kwambiri, koma nthawi zina malo ndi nsanje. Komabe, pano sichimatchulidwanso kwenikweni kuposa ma terriers, pit bulls ndi akitas, omwe sangayime agalu ena.
Pogwirizana ndi nyama zina, amatha kupirira komanso kuchita nkhanza. Zonse zimadalira mwini wake, ngati adamuwuza mwanayo kwa agalu osiyanasiyana, amphaka, makoswe ndikumutengera kumadera osiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti galuyo adzakula modekha.
Mwachilengedwe, chibadwa chawo chosaka chimakhala chofooka, ndipo amazindikira amphaka am'nyumba ngati achibale ndikuwateteza chimodzimodzi. Kumbali inayi, iyi ndi galu wamkulu komanso wamphamvu, ngati samacheza, amatha kumenya ndikupha mphaka pakangopita masekondi.
Sangokhala anzeru modabwitsa, komanso amaphunzitsidwa. Pafupifupi kafukufuku aliyense wanzeru za canine, ali m'gulu la asanu apamwamba, kumbuyo kwa Border Collie ndi Germany Shepherd.
Mwachitsanzo, wama psychologist Stanley Coren m'buku lake "The Intelligence of Agalu" (Chingerezi The Intelligence of Dogs), amaika ma Dobermans pamalo achisanu pomvera. Kafukufuku wina (Hart ndi Hart 1985) woyamba. Ndipo ofufuza ophunzirira (Tortora 1980) amawaika patsogolo.
Pokhapokha ngati akuchita bizinesi yaubusa, koma kumunda wosaka, atha kukhala ochepera kuposa ena, koma pamalangizo monga ukali ndi kumvera alibe kufanana.
Kuphatikiza pakuphunzira luntha, asayansi adaphunziranso za nkhanza za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2008 adayang'ana magawo anayi: nkhanza kwa alendo, eni, alendo, komanso mpikisano ndi agalu ena oweta.
Zinapezeka kuti amakumana ndiukali kwambiri kwa alendo, komanso otsika kwa eni ake, komanso kwa agalu awo ndi anzawo, pafupifupi.
Ngati timalankhula za kuluma kapena kuyesa kuluma, samakhala achiwawa kuposa mitundu yomwe imakhala mwamtendere komanso mbiri yabwino (Dalmatian, Cocker Spaniels).
Ambiri a Dobermans amathyola keke m'malo mwa eni ake, ndipo adzachita zonse kuti azidya zokoma. Ndi njira zophunzitsira zoyenera komanso kuyesetsa, mwini wake apeza galu womvera, wanzeru komanso wolamulidwa.
Simuyenera kuwaumiriza ndi kuwafuula, amawopa, amakhumudwa kapena kuwonetsa ukali. Kukhazikika, kukhazikika, bata - awa ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera kwa eni ake. Ndi anzeru ndipo ayenera kulemekeza mwini wake, apo ayi samvera bwino.
Monga mungaganizire, uwu ndi mtundu wamphamvu, wokhoza kuchita ntchito yayitali. Amapirira modekha katundu wolemera, chifukwa adapangidwa kuti azitha kuyenda ndi munthu wapansi ndikumuteteza.
Mwini galu akuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngati satenga katundu ndikupereka mphamvu, amupeza yekha. Ndipo sangakonde kutuluka uku, chifukwa kungayambitse mavuto amakhalidwe, mipando yowonongeka ndi nsapato.
Palibe chifukwa chochitira mantha, chifukwa, mosiyana ndi agalu oweta (ma collies akumalire, mausus), izi sizochulukirapo. Kuyenda ola limodzi kapena awiri ndibwino, makamaka ngati zimathamanga, kuphunzitsa, kapena kuchita zina.
Eni ake omwe akuyenera kukhala nawo ayenera kudziwa kuti ngakhale amakonda kugona pakama, siulesi. Ngakhale amakhala omasuka ndi moyo uno, ambiri amakonda zomwe zimakhala mthupi ndi m'maganizo.
Malangizo monga kumvera (kumvera) kapena kufulumira ndi ntchito zambiri kwa agalu, ndipo amatha kuchita bwino kwambiri mwa iwo. Chokhacho ndikuti mukamayenda, muyenera kuganizira zanyengo, komanso chisanu choopsa, muvale galu mophatikizira.
Chisamaliro
Zosavuta komanso zochepa. Chovala chachifupi sichifunika kudzikongoletsa mwaukadaulo, koma kutsuka pafupipafupi. Zonsezi sizikusiyana ndi zomwe zimayikidwa: kusamba, kudula zikhadabo, kuwona ukhondo wamakutu, kutsuka mano.
Amakhetsa pang'ono, komabe amakhetsa.Ngati simukuyanjana, yang'anani zomwe mumachita poyendera kennel ndikuyankhula ndi agalu achikulire.
Zaumoyo
Dobermans amadwala matenda osiyanasiyana, ena mwa iwo ndi ovuta kwambiri. Izi ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mitundu yoyera komanso agalu akulu. Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wa chiyembekezo cha moyo amabwera ndi manambala osiyanasiyana.
Avereji ya chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 10-11, koma agalu ambiri amachoka kale chifukwa chazovuta.
Matenda ovuta kwambiri omwe ali nawo ndi kukhathamira kwa mtima (DCM). Ichi ndi matenda am'mnyewa wamtima womwe umadziwika ndikukula kwa mitsempha yamatenda. Mtima umakulitsa ndikufooka ndipo sungapope magazi bwino.
Popeza kufalikira kwa magazi kumafooka, ziwalo zonse ndi ziwalo zimavutika. Ngakhale kuti palibe kafukufuku amene wachitika, akukhulupirira kuti pafupifupi theka la agalu onse amakhala ndi DCM nthawi zosiyanasiyana m'miyoyo yawo.
Zimabweretsa kufa kwa galu chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya matendawa: amapezeka m'mitundu yonse komanso ofanana ndi a Dobermans ndi ankhonya. Sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu, koma matendawo amatha kuchepa, ngakhale mankhwala ndiokwera mtengo. Palibe mayesero amtundu kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi vuto la DCM.
Ma Dobermans amathandizidwanso ndi matenda a Wobbler kapena kusakhazikika kwamitsempha ya khomo lachiberekero. Ndicho, msana wam'mimba m'chiberekero umavutika, mayendedwe amasintha, ndipo ziwalo zonse zimatha kuchitika.
Koma ndi matenda a von Willebrand, kutseka magazi kumakhala kovuta, komwe kumapangitsa zilonda zilizonse kukhala zowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa kutuluka magazi kumakhala kovuta kuimitsa. Ndi kuvulala koopsa kapena kuchitidwa opareshoni, galuyo akhoza kufa chifukwa chotaya magazi. Zowopsa ndizakuti eni agalu amaphunzira za izo mochedwa ndikutaya chiweto.
Musanavomere kuchitidwa opaleshoni, onetsetsani kuti veterinarian wanu akudziwa kuchuluka kwa matenda a Dobermans.
Pali mayeso amtundu wamtundu omwe amawunikira ndipo oweta omwe ali ndi udindo amachotsa ana agalu omwe ali ndi vutoli.
Dobermans samalekerera kuzizira bwino, ngakhale atavala malaya awiri. Ndi wamfupi ndipo sangathe kuteteza galu ku chisanu chaku Russia. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi olimba komanso owonda, opanda mafuta amthupi omwe amateteza agalu ena kuzizira.
Sangathe kuzizira mpaka kufa, komanso kutuluka kwamiyendo yamiyendo. Kuzindikira kuzizira ndikokwera kotero kuti m'maiko ena, chifukwa cha izi, adakana kuwagwiritsa ntchito kupolisi ndi gulu lankhondo. Eni ake sayenera kuyenda ndi agalu awo nthawi yayitali nyengo yozizira, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito nsapato ndi maovololo panthawiyi.
Kuphatikiza pa zachilendo, palinso maalubino. Eni ake akuti samasiyana ndi wamba, koma owetawo sagwirizana ndi izi. Maalubino amachokera kwa mayi yemwe anabadwira mwa imodzi mwa ana ake agalu, agalu onse amtunduwu ndi zotsatira za kuswana kwambiri.
Amakhulupirira (ngakhale palibe kafukufuku pa izi) kuti ali ndi matenda achikale a canine, kuphatikiza masomphenya ndi mavuto akumva, makamaka kugontha.
