Oriole wamba (Oriolus Oriolus) ndi kambalame kakang'ono kokhala ndi nthenga zowala komanso zokongola kwambiri, komwe pakadali pano ndikoyimira banja la oriole, dongosolo la Passeriformes ndi mtundu wa Oriole. Mbalame zamtunduwu ndizofala nyengo yotentha yakummwera kwa dziko lapansi.
Kufotokozera za oriole wamba
Oriole ali ndi thupi lokulirapo pang'ono.... Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumakulirapo pang'ono poyerekeza ndi omwe akuyimira mitundu ya Common Starling. Kutalika kwakanthawi kwa mbalame yotere ndi pafupifupi kotala la mita, ndipo mapiko ake samapitilira 44-45 cm, ndikulemera kwa 50-90 g.
Maonekedwe
Makhalidwe amtunduwu amafotokozera bwino mawonekedwe azakugonana, momwe akazi ndi amuna amasiyana kwambiri kunja. Nthenga za amuna ndi zachikaso chagolide, ndi mapiko ndi mchira wakuda. Kupindika kwa mchira ndi mapiko ake kumayimiriridwa ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono achikaso. Mtundu wa zingwe zakuda "zakulowera" umachokera pakamwa ndikuwonekera m'maso, kutalika kwake komwe kumadalira mawonekedwe akunja a subspecies.
Ndizosangalatsa! Malinga ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa nthenga za mchira ndi mutu, komanso kutengera kukula kwake kwa nthenga zouluka, ma subspecies awiri a oriole wamba amasiyanitsidwa pakadali pano.
Akazi amadziwika ndi chikasu chobiriwira chachikaso ndi malo oyera oyera okhala ndi mizere yakuda yakutali. Mapikowo ndi obiriwira. Mlomo wazimuna ndi zachikazi ndi zofiirira kapena zofiirira, zotalika komanso zamphamvu. Iris ndi yofiira. Mbalame zazing'ono zimawoneka ngati akazi powoneka, koma zimasiyana pamaso pa nthenga zonyezimira, zakuda komanso zosiyanasiyananso kumunsi.
Moyo ndi machitidwe
Ma Orioles omwe amakhala ku Europe amabwerera kumadera kwawo mzaka khumi zoyambirira za Meyi. Oyambirira kubwerera kuchokera kuzizira ndi amuna omwe akufuna kutenga ziwembu zawo. Amayi amabwera masiku atatu kapena anayi pambuyo pake. Kunja kwanyengo, a Oriole obisalira amakonda kukhala paokha, koma maanja ena amakhala osagawanika chaka chonse.
Orioles sakonda malo otseguka, chifukwa chake amangopita kuulendo waufupi kuchokera pamtengo wina. Kukhalapo kwa nthumwi za banja la oriole kumatha kutsimikizika ndi nyimbo zamtundu, zomwe zimakhala ngati mawu a chitoliro. Ma orioles achikulire amakondanso kudya mitengo, kulumpha nthambi ndikutola tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Pofika nyengo yophukira, mbalame zimauluka m'nyengo yozizira kumadera ofunda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kutulutsa mawu kumafotokozedwa mosiyanasiyana, koma kulira ndi kofanana ndi kwa maoleole, omwe amaimiridwa ndi mawu amphwayi "gi-gi-gi-gi-gi" kapena "fiu-liu-li".
Mbalame zosunthika komanso zokangalika zimatha kudumpha mwachangu komanso mwakachetechete kuchokera ku nthambi yina kupita ku ina, kubisala kumbuyo kwa masamba obiriwira a mitengo. Pothawira, mlengalenga amayenda m'mafunde, omwe amafanana ndi mbalame zakuda komanso zotchinga matabwa. Kuthamanga kwakanthawi ndi 40-47 km / h, koma amuna nthawi zina amatha kuthamanga mpaka 70 km / h. Oimira onse am'banja la Oriole samakonda kuwulukira poyera.
Ndi ma orioles angati omwe amakhala
Kutalika kwa moyo kwa oimira banja la ku Oriole kumadalira pazinthu zambiri zakunja, koma, mwalamulo, zimasiyanasiyana mkati mwa zaka 8-15.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Oriole ndi mtundu wofala.... Derali limakhudza gawo lonse la Europe ndi gawo la Europe la Russia. Malinga ndi asayansi, ku Oriole kawirikawiri zisa ku British Isles ndipo nthawi zina zimapezeka ku zilumba za Scilly ndi gombe lakumwera kwa England. Komanso, kubzala mosasamala kunadziwika pachilumba cha Madeira komanso madera a Azores. Malo obisalira ku Asia amakhala kumadzulo.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Tiyi wamba wamba
- Jay
- Nutcracker kapena Nut
- Mbalame yobiriwira
Orioles amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri m'moyo wawo pamtunda wokwanira, mu korona ndi masamba obiriwira a mitengo. Mbalame zamtunduwu zimakonda nkhalango zowala komanso zazitali kwambiri, makamaka malo odula, omwe amaimiridwa ndi mitengo ya birch, msondodzi kapena popula.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngakhale kuti ma oriole amayesetsa kupewa nkhalango mosalekeza ndi taiga, nthumwi zoterezi za banja laku oriole zimakhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu, posankha minda, mapaki, ndi nkhalango zam'mbali mwa msewu.
M'madera ouma, oriole nthawi zambiri amakhala m'matanthwe amtundu wa tugai. Kawirikawiri, mbalame zimapezeka m'malo ovuta a nkhalango ya paini komanso pazilumba zopanda anthu zokhala ndi zomera zosiyana. Poterepa, mbalame zimadyetsa m'nkhalango zosalala kapena zimafunafuna chakudya m'madambo amchenga.
Zakudya zaku Oriole
Ma oriole wamba sangadye chakudya chatsopano chokha, komanso chakudya chanyama chopatsa thanzi kwambiri. Pakati pa kucha zipatso, mbalame zimadya modzipereka ndi zipatso za mbewu monga mbalame yamatcheri ndi currant, mphesa ndi zipatso zokoma. Ma orioles akuluakulu amakonda mapeyala ndi nkhuyu.
Nyengo yakubereketsa imagwira ntchito limodzi ndikuwonjezera chakudya cha mbalame ndi mitundu yonse ya chakudya cha nyama, choyimiridwa ndi:
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga mbozi zosiyanasiyana;
- udzudzu wamiyendo yayitali;
- makutu;
- agulugufe akuluakulu;
- agulugufe osiyanasiyana;
- nsikidzi nkhuni;
- nkhalango za m'nkhalango ndi m'munda;
- akangaude ena.
Nthawi zina, orioles amawononga zisa za mbalame zazing'ono, kuphatikiza redstart ndi grey flychercher. Monga lamulo, oimira banja la ku Oriole amadya m'mawa, koma nthawi zina izi zimatha kuchedwa mpaka nthawi yamasana.
Adani achilengedwe
Nthawi zambiri zimbalangondo zimakonda kugwidwa ndi mphamba ndi mphamba, chiwombankhanga ndi mphamba... Nthawi ya kukaikira mazira imawerengedwa kuti ndi yowopsa kwambiri. Ndi nthawi yoti akulu atha kukhala tcheru, ndikusinthiratu chidwi chawo polera ana. Komabe, kupezeka kwa chisa chimakhala chitsimikizo chachitetezo cha anapiye ndi akulu ku nyama zambiri.
Kubereka ndi ana
Amuna amasamalira anzawo mwabwino kwambiri, akugwiritsa ntchito serenade ya nyimbo pachifukwa ichi. Pasanathe sabata, mbalamezi zimadzipezera okha, ndipo pambuyo pake mkaziyo amayamba kusankha malo oyenera kumanga chisa, ndikuyamba ntchito yake yomanga. Chisa cha ku Oriole chili pamtunda wokwera kwambiri. Pofuna kubisala bwino, mphanda wa nthambi umasankhidwa patali bwino ndi tsinde la chomeracho.
Chisa pachokha pakuwoneka chimafanana ndi dengu loluka, laling'ono. Zinthu zonse zonyamula zotere zimalumikizidwa mosamala komanso molondola ku mphanda ndi mbalame mothandizidwa ndi malovu, pambuyo pake makoma akunja a chisa amaluka. Zingwe zamasamba, zidutswa za chingwe ndi zidutswa za ubweya wa nkhosa, mapesi ndi zimayambira za udzu, masamba owuma ndi zikoko za tizilombo, moss ndi makungwa a birch amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomangira zoluka dengu. Mkati mwa chisa muli mitsitsi ndi nthenga.
Ndizosangalatsa! Monga lamulo, kumanga kwa nyumbayi kumatenga masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka khumi, pambuyo pake mkaziyo amayikira mazira atatu kapena anayi a imvi, koyera kapena pinki wokhala ndi mawanga akuda kapena abula pamwamba.
Chowotcheracho chimalumikizidwa ndi chachikazi chokha, ndipo pakatha milungu ingapo anapiye amaswa... Ana onse omwe adatuluka mu Juni kuyambira mphindi zoyambirira m'miyoyo yawo amasamalidwa ndikutenthedwa ndi kholo lawo, lomwe limawateteza ku kuzizira, mvula ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa. Yaimuna panthawiyi imabweretsa chakudya cha mkazi ndi ana. Ana akangokula pang'ono, makolo onse amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Anapiye achikulire a milungu iwiri amatchedwa ana. Amawuluka mchisa ndipo amakhala pama nthambi oyandikana nawo. Munthawi imeneyi, sakudziwabe momwe angadzipezere okha chakudya ndipo atha kukhala nyama zodyetsa. Mzimayi ndi wamwamuna amadyetsa ana ngakhale atatha "kutenga phiko".
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Malinga ndi zomwe boma limapereka ku International Union for Conservation of Nature, ma orioles ndi amitundu yambiri ya Common Oriole, Passerine order komanso banja la ku Oriole. Inde, m'zaka zaposachedwa kwakhala kuchepa kwa mbalame zonse zoterezi, koma mitundu ya ziweto sikhala pachiwopsezo chotha. Malinga ndi International Red Data Book, Oriole pakadali pano ali ndi udindo wa taxon wowopsa kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti LC.
