African Clarius catfish kapena Clarias batrachus ndi imodzi mwazinsomba zomwe zimayenera kusungidwa mu aquarium yokha, chifukwa ndi nyama yayikulu komanso yanjala nthawi zonse.
Mukagula, ndi nsomba yokongola kwambiri, koma imakula msanga mosazindikira, ndipo ikamakula mu aquarium, oyandikana nawo amakhala ochepa.
Pali mitundu ingapo, nthawi zambiri kuyambira utoto wonyezimira mpaka wa azitona wokhala ndi mimba yoyera. Fomu ya albino ndiyotchuka, inde, yoyera ndi maso ofiira.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Clarias ndiwofala kwambiri m'chilengedwe, amakhala ku India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia ndi Indonesia.
Amatha kukhala m'matumba am'madzi omwe ali ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri m'madzi ndi madzi osayenda. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mitsinje, madambo, mayiwe, ngalande. Amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi, nthawi ndi nthawi amakwera pamwamba ndikupuma mpweya.
Mwachilengedwe, imakula mpaka 100 cm, utoto wake ndi wotuwa kapena wabulauni, mitundu yamabala ndi maalubino siocheperako.
Wodziwika ku Thailand monga pla duk dan, ndi gwero lotsika mtengo la mapuloteni. Monga lamulo, zimatha kupezeka mosavuta m'misewu ya mzindawu.
Ngakhale zimafanana ndi Southeast Asia, idadziwitsidwa ku United States kuti iswane mu 1960. Kuchokera komwe idakwanitsa kulowa m'madzi a Florida, ndipo nsomba yoyamba yodziwika yomwe idagwidwa m'boma idalembedwa mu 1967.
Anakhala tsoka lenileni kwa nyama zakomweko. Popeza analibe mdani, wamkulu, wolusa, adayamba kupha nsomba zam'deralo. Chifukwa chokha (kupatula asodzi) chomwe chidaletsa kusamukira kwake kumadera akumpoto ndikuti salola nyengo yozizira ndipo amamwalira nthawi yozizira.
Ku Europe ndi America, Clarias amatchedwanso 'Walking Catfish' (kuyenda kwa mphamba), chifukwa chodziwika bwino - pomwe dziwe lomwe limakhalamo liuma, limatha kukwawa mwa ena, makamaka nthawi yamvula.
Pakusintha, Clarias adazolowera kukhala m'matupi amadzi okhala ndi mpweya wochepa m'madzi, ndipo amatha kupuma mpweya wam'mlengalenga.
Kuti achite izi, ali ndi chiwalo chapamwamba cha supra-gill, chomwe chimadzaza ndi ma capillaries ndipo chimafanana ndi chinkhupule.
Koma samaigwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, kumangokwera pamwamba m'madzi atatha kudya pang'ono. Chiwalo chomwecho chimalola kuti zokwawa kuchokera mosungira kupita kumalo osungira.
Kufotokozera
Tsopano, chifukwa chakusakanikirana m'madzi am'madzi, pali mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana - yowoneka, albino, bulauni wakale kapena azitona.
Kunja, nsombazi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi nsomba zamatumba (komabe, ndi yogwira ntchito kwambiri, yolusa kwambiri, komanso yodzikuza), koma imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mphalapala. M'thumba la thumba ndilofupikitsa, ndipo m'matumba mwake ndiwotalika ndipo limadutsa kumbuyo konse. Chopondacho chimakhala ndi kuwala kwa 62-77, kumatako kwa 45-63.
Zipsepse zonsezi sizimaphatikizana ndi caudal, koma zimasokonezedwa patsogolo pake. Pamphuno pali mitundu iwiri iwiri ya ndevu zomwe zimafufuza chakudya.
Maso ndi ochepa, koma malinga ndi kafukufuku, asayansi afika poganiza kuti ali ndi ma cones ofanana ndi omwe ali m'diso la munthu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nsombazi zimawona mitundu.
Izi ndizodabwitsa kwa nsomba zomwe zimakhala pansi komanso mumdima.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Clarias ndi nsomba zodya nyama ndipo zimakhala bwino zokhazokha kapena awiriawiri. Panali milandu kuti Clarias adadya nsomba zazikulu akukhala nawo.
Muyenera kukhala ndi nsomba zazikulu zokha - cichlids zazikulu, arowans, pacu, nsomba zazikulu zazikulu.
Kuphatikiza apo, imakula mumchere wa aquarium mpaka 55-60 cm, motsatana, nsomba yayikulu, voliyumu yomwe imalimbikitsidwa imachokera ku malita 300, kwa achinyamata 200.
Onetsetsani kuti chivindikirocho chimatsekedwa mwamphamvu, chimatha kuthawa chotseka momasuka kuti mufufuze nyumba yanu.
Osangothamangira pampata uliwonse, amathanso kukwawa patali. Clarias amatha kutuluka m'madzi mpaka 31 ola limodzi, mwachilengedwe, ngati amakhalabe onyowa (mwachilengedwe amasuntha mvula)
Ngati nsomba zanu zamatchire zatuluka m'nyanja, musazitole ndi manja anu! Clarias ili ndi minga yapoizoni pamapiko am'mimbamo ndi m'mapiko mwake, kuluma kwake kumakhala kopweteka kwambiri ndipo kumawoneka ngati mbola ya njuchi.
Mosiyana ndi nsomba zambiri zamatchire, Clarias amawoneka kuti akugwirabe ntchito tsiku lonse.
Kutentha kwamadzi kumakhala pafupifupi 20-28 C, pH 5.5-8. Mwambiri, Clarias sakufuna kwenikweni magawo amadzi, koma monga nsomba zonse zam'madzi, amakonda madzi oyera komanso abwino. Kuti nsombazi zibisike masana, m'pofunika kuyika miyala ikuluikulu ndi mitengo yolowerera mu aquarium.
Koma kumbukirani kuti adzatembenuza zonse mwanzeru zawo, dothi lidzafukulidwa. Ndi bwino kuti musabzale konse, adzawakumba.
Kudyetsa
Clarias ndi mbalame yodziwika bwino yomwe imadya nsomba zomwe imatha kumeza, ndipo imadyetsedwa ndi nyama zamoyo komanso nsomba zagolide.
Muthanso kudyetsa nyongolotsi, zidutswa za nsomba, ma flakes, ma pellets.
Kwenikweni, amadya chilichonse. Osangopereka nyama kuchokera ku nkhuku ndi zinyama, chifukwa mapuloteni a nyama yotereyi samayamwa ndi dongosolo lakugaya chakudya ndipo imayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri.
Clarias m'chilengedwe sasamala kaya chakudya chili chamoyo kapena chakufa, adya chilichonse, chowombetsa.
Kusiyana kogonana
Kukula msinkhu kwa kugonana kumafikira kutalika kwa 25-30 cm, kutengera kudyetsa, iyi ndi zaka 1.5 za moyo wake.
Amuna ndi owoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mawanga akuda kumapeto kwa dorsal fin. Zachidziwikire, izi zikutanthauza mtundu wachizolowezi, kwa ma albino mutha kuyang'ana pamimba mwa nsomba, mwa akazi ndi ozungulira kwambiri.
Kuswana
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi nsomba zazikuluzikulu, kuswana mumtsinje wa aquarium ndikosowa, makamaka chifukwa amafunikira magawo ambiri.
Ndikofunika kutulutsa gulu la achinyamata Clarias, omwe agwirizane pochita izi. Pambuyo pake, amafunika kupatukana, popeza banjali limayamba kuchitira nkhanza achibale.
Kusamba kumayamba ndi masewera okwatirana, omwe amawonetsedwa ngati banja lomwe likusambira mozungulira nyanja yamchere.
Mwachilengedwe, Clarias amakumba mabowo m'mbali mwa mchenga. Mu aquarium, dzenje limakumbidwa pansi, momwe mkazi amayikira mazira zikwi zingapo.
Pambuyo pobereka, abambo amateteza mazira kwa maola 24-26, mpaka mphutsi zitasweka ndipo wamkazi amayamba kuziyang'anira.
Izi zikachitika, ndibwino kuchotsa mwachangu makolo awo. Malek amakula mwachangu kwambiri, kuyambira ali mwana kukhala wolanda nyama, kudya chilichonse chamoyo.
Chodulidwa tubifex, brine shrimp nauplii, magazi a mphutsi amatha kudyetsedwa ngati chakudya. Mukamakula, kukula kwa chakudya kuyenera kukulitsidwa, pang'onopang'ono kupita ku chakudya cha akulu.
Malek amakonda kususuka, ayenera kudyetsedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kangapo patsiku.
