Mawu awiri labeo mtundu wosangalatsa, mawonekedwe amthupi, chifukwa cha zomwe zimawoneka ngati shaki yaying'ono kwambiri, komanso machitidwe achangu. Chifukwa cha izi zonse, nthawi zambiri amasungidwa m'nyanja yamchere, ngakhale ali ovuta - ndipo amachita nkhanza kwa oyandikana nawo, makamaka kwa amitundu anzawo, ndipo amafunikira gawo lalikulu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mawu awiri labeo
Nsomba zakale kwambiri zakale zomwe zimakhala padziko lathu lapansi zaka zopitilira 500 miliyoni - zili m'gulu la zinthu zakale kwambiri zomwe zatizungulira. Zakale kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka ndi pikaya ndi haikouichtis, amawonetsa zisonyezo zosintha mwa iwo okha - si nsomba pano, koma atha kukhala kuti achokera ku mitundu imeneyi.
Ngakhale sizikudziwika ngati zachokera kwa iwo, kapena kuchokera ku zovuta zina, oyimira oyamba a gulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray adawonekera pafupifupi zaka 420 miliyoni nthawi yathu ino isanachitike. Ngakhale kuyambira pamenepo akhala akusintha kwakukulu, ndipo nsomba za nthawi imeneyo sizimafanana kwenikweni ndi zamakono, koma kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kusinthika kwawo kumatha kutsatiridwa bwino kwambiri.
Kanema: Mitundu iwiri labeo
Poyamba, nyama zopangidwa ndi ray zinali zazing'ono, mitundu ya mitundu inatsalanso yotsika, ndipo kwakukulu, chitukuko chimachedwa. Kudumpha kunachitika kutha kwa Cretaceous-Paleogene. Ngakhale gawo lalikulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ma ray nawonso lidazimiririka, adavutika pang'ono ndi zokwawa zam'madzi, nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi zam'madzi, kotero kuti adakhala olamulira panyanja.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wakale wazaka zam'mbuyomu, ma rayfinches adayamba kulamulira nyanja nthawi imeneyo, ndipo akupitilizabe mpaka pano. Mitundu yonse komanso kukula kwa nsombazi zikuwonjezeka. Mwa ena, oimira oyamba a carps amawoneka, omwe labeo wamitundu iwiri ndi wawo.
Mtundu uwu unafotokozedwa mu 1931 ndi H.M. Smith ngati Labeo bicolor. Pambuyo pake zidagamulidwa kuti zizisamutse kuchokera kubanja la a Labeo, motero zidasandulika Epalzeorhynchos bicolor. Koma pofika nthawiyo, dzina lakale linali litakonzedwa kale, ndipo m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku nsombazi zimapitirizabe kutchedwa labeo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba zamitundu iwiri labeo
Thupi limakhala lalitali, koma lokulirapo kuposa labeos ena. Kumbuyo kwake kuli arched, ndipo zipsepsezo ndizazikulu kwambiri kuthupi; caudal ili ndi ma lobes awiri. Pakamwa pake pamakhala pansi, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi koyenera kudula zonyansa. Mu aquarium, labeo imakula mpaka masentimita 15, mwachilengedwe imatha kufikira 20-22 cm.
Nsombazo zimafanana ndi nsomba yochepetsedwa kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake dzina lina lidapachikidwa mchingerezi - the red-tailed shark. Chowonadi ndi chakuti thupi lake ndi lakuda, ndipo malekezero ake ndi mtundu wofiyira wolemera. Zachidziwikire, achibalewo ali kutali kwambiri ndi labeo shark.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ndi ntchito yayikulu, mitundu iwiri labeo imangowonekera ndipo imakopa chidwi cha anthu. Muthanso kupeza albino labeo - thupi lake silinali lakuda, koma loyera, pomwe ali ndi maso ofiira ndi zipsepse zonse.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi sikophweka - samasiyana mtundu ndi kukula, komanso zizindikilo zina zakunja. Pokhapokha mutayang'anitsitsa, mudzazindikira kuti pamimba pazazimayi ndizodzaza pang'ono. Nthawi zina malekezero amphongo amphongo amakhala akuda kwambiri, ndipo zipsepse zopanda ulusi zimakhala zazitali - koma zomalizazi zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira.
Nsomba zazing'ono zimakhala zobiriwira ndipo, kufikira atakula msinkhu, amatha kupitiliza sukulu, koma amayenera kupatukana, chifukwa apo ayi amayamba kutsutsana. Amakhala zaka pafupifupi 5-7, nthawi zina mpaka zaka 10. Onse ali ndi mapawiri awiri a tinyanga.
Chosangalatsa: Zimagwirizana bwino ndi nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe zimatha kuthawa. Ndibwino ngati akukhala pamwamba pamadzi - kutali ndi labeo. Mwachitsanzo, iyi ndi moto ndi Sumatran barbus, Malabar zebrafish, Congo.
Kodi labeo wamalankhulidwe awiri amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Labeo wamitundu iwiri mwachilengedwe
Derali limaphatikizapo gawo la beseni la Chhauprai lomwe limadutsa gawo la Thailand. Kumtchire, mitunduyi ndiyosowa kwambiri - mpaka posachedwa imawonedwa ngati yatha, anthu opulumuka asanatulukidwe. Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchulukirachulukira kwake ndikosankha mikhalidwe.
Nsombayi imakonda kukhala mumitsinje yaying'ono komanso mitsinje, koma nthawi yomweyo ndikofunikira kuti madzi omwe ali mmenemo ndi oyera - amafera msanga m'madzi akuda. Amakonda kukhala m'madzi osaya, omwetsedwa udzu. Madzi akuyenera kuyenda, ndikutuluka mwachangu.
Zinthu zonsezi zimakhutitsidwa ndi malo osungira ochepa mu beseni la Chhauprai. M'nyengo yamvula, m'minda yoyandikana ndi nkhalango zikasefukira, ma labeo amasamukira kumeneko. Pansi pa nyengo yotentha yofanana ndi yomwe ili munthawi yawo, amatha kukhala m'matupi amadzi m'maiko ena, ndizomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pobereketsa.
Chifukwa chosowa m'chilengedwe, nsomba zambiri zimakhala m'madzi ozungulira padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, sikuti amafuna nsomba za m'nyanja yam'madzi - amafunikira aquarium yayikulu ndi zomera zambiri, komanso madzi oyera ndi ofunda.
Chosangalatsa: Chimakhala chowonekera kwambiri usiku kapena mukapanikizika - ngati mukudwala, muli ndi njala, mukuvutika maganizo.
Kodi labeo wamitundu iwiri amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nsomba bicolor labeo
Nsomba iyi imatha kudya:
- udzu wam'madzi;
- nyongolotsi;
- nkhaka;
- zukini;
- zukini;
- masamba a letesi.
Mwachilengedwe, imadyetsa makamaka zomera, komanso kusaka - imadya mphutsi ndi nyama zina zazing'ono. M'madamu momwe amakhala, nthawi zambiri sipakhala mavuto ndi zakudya - iyi ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje yodzaza ndi udzu, chifukwa chake simuyenera kufunafuna zomwe mungadye kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala nyama zambiri m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.
Ziweto zomwe zimakhala m'madzi am'madzi zimadyetsedwa ndi fiber. Kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino, nsomba ziyenera kuzidya. Muthanso kudyetsa ndi nkhaka zodulidwa bwino kapena zina zotere - koma onetsetsani kuti mumaziwotcha ndi madzi otentha poyamba.
Amafunikanso chakudya cha nyama. Chakudya chouma chimaloledwa, ndipo kuchokera kuzinthu zamoyo labeo amatha kudyetsedwa ndi ma virus a magazi, tubifex, komanso coretra. Koma simuyenera kuwapatsa chakudya chotere - ayenera kukhala ochepera masamba. Amamugunda mwachidwi kwambiri kuposa zosakaniza zitsamba, koma zomalizazi ndizofunikira kwa iwo.
Kuti labeo azitha kudyetsa, ndibwino kuyika galasi lokhala ndi ndere mkati mwa aquarium - pang'onopang'ono idya nderezi, komanso ndi gawo lofunikira la thanzi. Ikhozanso kudya zodetsa zosiyanasiyana pamasamba azomera, pamakoma kapena pansi pa aquarium.
Tsopano mukudziwa zonse za kusunga labeo wamitundu iwiri kunyumba. Tiyeni tiwone momwe nsombazi zimakhalira kuthengo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Labeo wamitundu iwiri kuchokera ku Red Book
Labeo wamitundu iwiri - nsombayo imakhala yovuta kwambiri komanso yopanda tanthauzo. Amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi pansi m'nyanja komanso m'nyanja. Ikhoza kugona pansi ndikukwawa pang'ono pang'ono. Komanso, nthawi zina mumatha kuwona momwe labeo amakhala wowongoka kapena kuwombera mozondoka - izi sizitanthauza kuti akufuna thandizo, amatha kusambira chotero.
Nthawi yayikulu yochitikayi imachitika madzulo. Mwa iwo, mitundu iwiri labeo imawonetsa kuyenda kwakukulu, imatha kusambira m'nyanja yonse yamadzi ndikuyendetsa nsomba zazing'ono. Labeos onse amakonda kapena samakonda kuchita izi, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusankha mosamala anansi awo.
Nsombazi ndizanzeru: ngati mwiniwake sakukhutira chifukwa chaukali wawo, amabisalira kuseri kwa tchire ndikukhazikika kwakanthawi. Amadikirira mpaka atachoka ku aquarium ndikuyamba kuwatsata, ndipo pambuyo pake atenganso zawo.
Amasungidwa pamodzi ndi nsomba zina, koma malo osungira madzi ambiri amafunikirabe, ndipo oyandikana nawo a labeo sayenera kufanana ndi abale awo. Ndibwino ngati ali ndi mtundu wina - amalekerera kwambiri nsomba zoterezi, koma anthu onse omwe ali ndi mchira wowala amachititsa kuti asakonde.
Ndikofunika kuwasunga ndi oyandikana nawo omwe amatha kupirira zovuta zawo popanda zovuta zambiri, ndipo ndikofunikira kupanga malo ogona momwe mungadikirire zoopsa. Ma albino a Labeo sangasungidwe ndi ena wamba - ndi achifundo kwambiri ndipo amafunikira malo abata.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mawu awiri labeo
Mwachilengedwe, ma Labeos achichepere awiri amakhala pagulu. Amafalikira akamakula, aliyense amakhala ndi gawo lake, ndipo salola achibale kapena nsomba za mitundu ina yofanana kuti zilowemo: mikangano imayamba nthawi ndi nthawi chifukwa cha izi. Nsombazi zimakhala zogwirizana pokhapokha nthawi yoswana. Amachitanso chimodzimodzi mu aquarium, ndipo akamakalamba amateteza gawo lawo mokalipa. Chifukwa chake, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti musunge ma labeo angapo palimodzi, ndipo ngati mungachite izi, apatseni malo osungira madzi ambiri ndikuwonetseratu madera omwe ali ndi zopinga - ngati nsomba sizikuwonekera, sizikhala zaukali.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mungasunge ma labeo angapo mu aquarium imodzi, payenera kukhala yopitilira awiri. Kenako ubale wokhazikika pakati pawo uzikhala pakati pawo: nsomba zazikuluzikulu zidzalamulira, koma kwa zazing'onozo, kupsinjika sikungakhale kolimba kwambiri. Ngati alipo awiri okha, ndiye kuti labeo wamkulu sangapereke moyo uliwonse kwa nsomba yachiwiri. Kukhazikika ndi nkhanza zimawonetsedwa mwa iwo mosatengera kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi: sangasambire kudera la wina, apo ayi kumenya nkhondo nthawi yomweyo. Kupatula kumangopangidwa kwa labeo wamkulu kwambiri mu aquarium - amatha kusambira kulikonse komwe angafune, ndipo palibe amene angatsutse izi.
Zimakhala zovuta kubzala mitundu iwiri ya labeos kunyumba: kuti athe kuberekana, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni apadera, ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha mulingo woyenera. Mukalakwitsa ngakhale pang'ono, ndiye kuti nsomba zimangofa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri samawakhalira kunyumba - okhawo omwe amadziwa zambiri zam'madzi amalimba mtima kuchita izi. Pachifukwa ichi, nkhuku imafunikira osachepera mita, mulingo wamadzi ndi masentimita 30 kapena kupitilira apo, ndikofunikira kuti madzi aziyenda. Nyumba ndi zomera zimafunikanso. Nsombazo zimabayidwa ndi mahomoni, pambuyo pake zimasungidwa mosiyana wina ndi mzake kwa maola angapo asadaperekedwe kumalo osungira.
Kubzala kumachitika mwachangu ndipo kumatha patadutsa maola ochepa, pambuyo pake makolo amabwereranso ku aquarium. Pakadutsa maola angapo, mazira oyerawo ayenera kupatulidwa - amakhalabe opanda chonde, ena onse amayikidwa pachofungatira. Pakangotha maola 14-16 okha mwachangu adzawonekera. Poyamba, samasuntha: amangokhala m'madzi, kuyandama, kapena kumira pansi. Amadzuka pamwamba tsiku limodzi, ndipo pakatha masiku atatu ayenera kudyetsedwa.
Amapatsidwa:
- kuyimitsidwa kwa ndere;
- matumba;
- ozungulira;
- yolk dzira;
- nthanga.
Algae amatha kusungidwa pamakoma a aquarium. Ma Rotifers ndi ma cilies ayenera kusefedwa ndi sefa yabwino. Ma yolk amawonjezeredwa pachakudya pomwe mwachangu amayamba kusambira mopingasa, ndipo plankton, mwachitsanzo, daphnia, akaidutsa sabata limodzi.
Adani achilengedwe amitundu iwiri yama labeos
Chithunzi: Mawu awiri labeo ku Thailand
Mwachilengedwe, adani awo ndi ofanana ndi nsomba zazing'ono zambiri - ndiye kuti, nsomba zikuluzikulu zolusa, mbalame zomwe zimakonda kudyetsa nsomba ndi nyama zina zolusa. Ngakhale kuti malowa amateteza nkhono zamitundu iwiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala mumitsinje yaying'ono kwambiri kotero kuti nsomba zosadya sizimasambira mmenemo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ophera nyama zikuluzikulu m'matupi amadzi. Koma m'mitsinje, amatha kuwopsezedwa ndi nsomba zina zomwe zimakhala pafupi, kapena zikuluzikulu zikukwera m'mitsinje. Mbalame zodya nyama zitha kuwopseza labeos kulikonse - ndiye mdani wamkulu yemwe amakumana nawo nthawi zonse.
Ngakhale anthu amatha kutsutsana ndi izi - ndichifukwa cha kugwira kwawo mwachangu kuti ma labeo amitundu iwiri anali atatsala pang'ono kutha. Ngakhale tsopano ndizoletsedwa kuwagwira, ndipo siokwera mtengo kwambiri kotero kuti chiletsochi chidaphwanyidwa kwambiri. Komanso, nsombazi zimayenera kusamala ndi nyama zina zolusa, zomwe nthawi zina zimakonda kuwedza m'mitsinje yawo: makoswe akuluakulu ndi akalulu.
Chosangalatsa: Akazi amabadwa kuchokera ku Labeos kuposa amuna. Izi ndizovuta zina pakuweta kunyumba: muyenera kuswana nsomba zingapo kuti muwone kuti pali wamwamuna mmodzi pakati pawo. Komanso, nsomba zikadali zazing'ono, jenda yawo singadziwike.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nsomba bicolor labeo
Pambuyo pakupezeka kwa ma labeo amitundu iwiri mumtsinje wa Chhaupraya m'ma 1930, adayamba kufalikira ngati nsomba zam'madzi, ndipo m'ma 1950 adayamba kutumizidwa ku Europe. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu m'chilengedwe anali kuchepa kwambiri chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo - kuwedza mwachangu, kuipitsa mitsinje m'malo okhalamo, komanso kumanga madamu.
Zotsatira zake, mzaka za m'ma 1960, labeo wa mitundu iwiri adatchulidwa kuti adatha kuthengo. Nthawi yomweyo, ambiri mwa iwo amakhala m'madzi ozungulira dziko lonse lapansi, ndipo adangokula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafamu apadera.
Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, zidapezeka kuti anali achangu ndikubweretsa mtunduwu kuzimiririka - kudera lakutali la Thailand, malo osungira adapezeka momwe labeo yamitundu iwiri idasungidwa. Koma anthu amtunduwu ndi ochepa, chifukwa chake amayikidwa mu Red Book ngati ali pafupi kutha.
Chiwerengero cha nyama zakutchire chiyenera kutetezedwa, chifukwa, ngakhale oimira mitundu iyi amakhala mu ukapolo, sangangotulutsidwa m'chilengedwe, ndipo izi sizikugwira nsomba zokhazokha m'madzi a aquarium, koma ngakhale mazira kapena mwachangu. Ndizovuta kwambiri kubweretsanso labeo wamitundu iwiri, pakadali pano sizotheka kuchita izi.
Chosangalatsa: Imodzi mwamatenda ofala kwambiri mu mitundu iwiri ya labeo ndi khungu la khungu. Ikaponda nsombayo, mutha kuwona kuphulika pang'ono, kumakhala kothothoka komanso kusuntha, itha kuyamba kupukuta pamiyala. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha madzi opanda mphamvu komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kuchiza ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera - kungosamukira kumalo abwino sikokwanira.
Alonda amitundu iwiri
Chithunzi: Labeo wamitundu iwiri kuchokera ku Red Book
Mtundu uwu utatha "kupezeka", ndiye kuti, zidapezeka kuti zidapulumuka m'zinyama, zidatetezedwa. A International Association for the Protection of Nature komanso akuluakulu aku Thailand akuchita izi, ndipo mpaka pano zitha kuganiziridwa kuti kupambana kwakwaniritsidwa - mitunduyi yakhala yolimba mzaka zaposachedwa.
Zachidziwikire, kusodza ndikoletsedwa, ndipo malo osungiramo mitundu iwiri ya labeo sangawonongeke ndi mpweya wowopsa - pambuyo pake, nsomba iyi imazindikira kuyera kwa madzi. Ntchito zapakhomo ndizochepa. Kuphwanya izi ndikulangidwa pamalamulo.
Izi zidathandizadi, makamaka popeza palibe chifukwa chogwirira labeo wamitundu iwiri - kuchuluka kwawo mu ukapolo ndikokulirapo, ndipo amaweta bwino. Koma vuto ndilakuti kwakukulu labeo amavulazidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zamtundu wawo wonse chifukwa chakumanga madamu mu beseni la Chhauprai.
Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti ndichifukwa chake, poyambira, pomwe malo okhala nsombazi adatsika. Mwamwayi, m'malo omwe adapulumuka, palibe zovuta zomwe zadziwika mpaka pano. M'tsogolomu, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa ntchito zodzaza mitsinje ina yomwe ili m'malo azanyengo - koma sizofunikira chifukwa chakuchepa kwachuma kwa mitunduyi.
Mawu awiri labeo - nsomba yokongola komanso yayikulu ya aquarium, koma musanayikonze muyenera kukhala okonzeka bwino. Amafuna malo ambiri - muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mwakhala nazo zokwanira, komanso kusankha oyandikana nawo oyenera, chifukwa chikhalidwe cha nsombayi si shuga. Ndibwino kuti muzisunga nokha, koma ndi njira yoyenera, mutha kuyendanso ku aquarium wamba.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 13.07.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 25.09.2019 pa 9:36
