Nyanja ya Baltic ndi malo am'madzi a Eurasia omwe ali kumpoto kwa Europe ndipo ali m'chigawo cha Atlantic Basin. Kusinthana kwamadzi ndi World Ocean kumachitika kudzera pamavuto a Kattegat ndi Skagerrak. Mitsinje yopitilira mazana awiri imayenda munyanja. Ndiwo omwe amanyamula madzi akuda omwe amapita kumalo amadzi. Zowononga zawononga kwambiri mphamvu yodziyeretsera panyanja.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimaipitsa Nyanja ya Baltic?
Pali magulu angapo azinthu zowopsa zomwe zimawononga Baltic. Choyambirira, awa ndi nitrogen ndi phosphorous, omwe ndi zinyalala zochokera kuulimi, mafakitale ogulitsa ndipo amapezeka m'madzi amatauni am'mizinda. Zinthu izi zimakonzedwa m'madzi pang'ono, zimatulutsa hydrogen sulfide, yomwe imabweretsa imfa ya nyama zam'madzi ndi zomera.
Gulu lachiwiri lazinthu zowopsa ndizitsulo zolemera. Gawo la zinthuzi limatha kugwa ndimlengalenga, ndipo gawo lina - ndimadzi amatauni ndi mafakitale. Zinthu izi zimayambitsa matenda ndi imfa zamoyo zambiri zam'madzi.
Gulu lachitatu la zoipitsa sizachilendo kunyanja ndi m'nyanja zambiri - mafuta atayikira. Kanema wochokera pamafuta amafuta pamadzi, salola kuti mpweya udutse. Izi zimapha zomera zonse zam'madzi ndi nyama zomwe zili mkati mwa utoto wamafutawo.
Njira zazikulu zowonongera Nyanja ya Baltic:
- kutaya molunjika m'nyanja;
- mapaipi;
- mtsinje madzi akuda;
- ngozi pamalo opangira magetsi;
- ntchito zombo;
- mpweya.
Ndi kuwonongeka kotani kwina komwe kukuchitika mu Nyanja ya Baltic?
Kuphatikiza pa kuipitsa kwa mafakitale ndi oyang'anira tauni, palinso zinthu zina zowononga kwambiri ku Baltic. Choyamba, ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa chake nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, pafupifupi matani atatu a zida zamankhwala adaponyedwa m'madzi am'derali. Mulibe zinthu zovulaza zokha, komanso za poizoni kwambiri zomwe ndizowopsa kunyanja.
Vuto linanso ndi kuipitsidwa kwa nyukiliya. Ma radionuclides ambiri amalowa m'nyanja, omwe amatayidwa kuchokera kumabizinesi osiyanasiyana ku Western Europe. Kuphatikiza apo, ngozi ya ku Chernobyl itatha, zinthu zambiri zowulutsa ma radio zinalowa m'dera lamadzi, zomwe zimawononganso zachilengedwe.
Zowononga zonsezi zapangitsa kuti pakhale kuti palibe mpweya wokwanira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu am'madzi am'nyanja, zomwe zadzetsa zochitika monga "malo ofera" okhala ndi poizoni wambiri. Ndipo m'malo ngati amenewa sipangakhale kachilombo kalikonse.
