Chiyambi cha ma polypters chidayamba ku Cretaceous ndi ma dinosaurs zaka zopitilira 60 miliyoni zapitazo. Mitundu yomwe ilipo pano ya mnogopers imachokera ku Africa wakale.
Mtundu womwewo umagawika m'magulu awiri, yoyamba (Erpetoichthys) imakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa E. calabaricus, wodziwika ndi akatswiri am'madzi otchedwafishfish kapena Kalamoicht calabar.
Lachiwiri ndilolokha (Polypterus), lili ndi mitundu yopitilira khumi ndi iwiri ndi subspecies.
Kufotokozera
Dzinalo polypterus limatanthauzira kuti "polypere," ndipo limachokera ku zipsepse zambiri zakumbuyo.
Zina mwazomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi la serpenti lokhala ndi zipsepse zazikulu za pectoral, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokokoloka ndikupanga njira yosambira kwambiri.
Mchira umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pamafunika liwiro lakuthwa.
Polypterus ili ndi mawonekedwe omwe amakonda nsomba zina zisanachitike. Awa ndi masikelo akulu ndi olimba komanso akulu, mphuno zake.
Kuphatikiza apo, wapanga chikhodzodzo chosambira, chofanana ndi mapapo ndipo chidagawika magawo awiri. Izi zimalola ma polyperiuses kuti atseke mpweya pamwamba pamadzi, malo opindulitsa m'madzi otsika a oxygen.
Ngakhale
Palibe mitundu yambiri ya ma polypters omwe amapezeka mu aquarium, awa ndi: P. delhezi, P. ornatipinnis, P. palmas, ndi P. senegalus. Zina zonse ndizochepa kwambiri.
Kusunga ma polypters munyumba yamadzi yosavuta ndikosavuta, koma kumafunikira luso.
Sayenera kusungidwa ndi nsomba zazikuluzikulu monga sikilidi wamkulu kapena mitu ya njoka.
Oyandikana nawo abwino ndi nsomba za mpeni, chitala ornata ndi mpeni wakuda, zitsamba zazikulu, monga bream, ndi nsomba zam'madzi - synodontis yophimba.
Mwa catfish, ndibwino kupewa omwe ali ndi pakamwa ngati woyamwa, chifukwa amatha kukwiyitsa ma polypters, kuyesera kuyamwa thupi lake.
Amatha kusungidwa ndi nsomba zosakhala zankhanza zomwe ndi zazikulu kwambiri kuti zimumeze.
Komabe, nthawi zina, ma polypters imatha kuluma ngakhale nsomba zazikulu kwambirizomwe zimachitika molakwika chifukwa cha kusawona bwino.
Polypterus delgezi:
M'malingaliro awo, polypterus imadalira fungo la chakudya m'madzi, ndipo nthawi zonse imasambira ikabisala ngati chakudya chikuwonekera mu aquarium.
Imasunthira kumbuyo kumbuyo mpaka itatsala pang'ono kutsutsana nayo. Nthawi zina samamuwona ndikufufuza pang'onopang'ono, monga fungo limanena kuti ataya china chake.
Nthawi zambiri, ma polypters amatchedwa kuti odyetsa, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala nsomba zowopsa. Inde, amadya nsomba zing'onozing'ono ngati kuli kotheka.
Polypteris amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni: nyama ya mussel, mtima wa ng'ombe, shrimp, mwachangu ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Amathanso kudya mapiritsi ozama, nthawi zina ngakhale ma flakes.
Achinyamata amadyanso zakudya zamoyo komanso pellets.
Kupita pang'onopang'ono komanso kusawona bwino kwadzetsa chikhulupiriro chakuti ma polypters sangathe kugwira nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi. Koma, akhoza kukhala othamanga modabwitsa akafunika.
Nsombazi zimakhala pangozi makamaka usiku, zikamira pansi, ndipo ma polypters amakhala otakataka kwambiri panthawiyi.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Mukamapanga aquarium yosungira ma polypters, muyenera kuganizira za kukula kwa nsomba zomwe mukufuna kusunga.
Ngakhale mitundu yaying'ono imatha kukula mpaka 25-30 cm m'nyanja yam'madzi, pomwe yayikulu imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 60. Mbali yakumunsi ndiyofunika kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa aquarium, chifukwa chake ikuluikulu imakonda.
Kwa mitundu yaying'ono, m'nyanja yamchere yokhala ndi 120 * 40 titha kuonedwa kuti ndiyokwanira, popeza yayikulu, pamafunika masentimita 180 * 60. Popeza ma polyperes amafunikira mpweya wam'mlengalenga kuti apume, pambuyo pake amakwera pamwamba, kutalika kwake kulibe kanthu, koma makamaka wamtali.
Chifukwa chake, aquarium sayenera kutsekedwa kuti pasakhale mpata pakati pa galasi ndi madzi.
Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa kutseka mabowo ochepa omwe ma polypters amatha kuthawa kuchokera ku aquarium, popeza atapeza mwayi pang'ono angachite izi ndikufa ndikuuma.
Ma polypters nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa kuti ndi ankhanza kwa wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi zina amalimbana okhaokha, makamaka chifukwa cha chakudya, koma nthawi yomweyo samapweteketsana.
Ngati musunga nsomba zamtundu wofanana mu aquarium yayikulu, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala ndewu zazikulu pakati pawo. Zachidziwikire, anthu ena atha kukwezedwa pantchito yankhanza, ndipo amafunika kuwasunga padera.
Popeza ma polypters amadyera makamaka kuchokera pansi, nthaka ndiyofunika kuti ikhale yosavuta kusamalira ndi kuyeretsa. Mchenga wochepa thupi ndi wabwino kwambiri, ngakhale miyala yabwino idzagwira ntchito, koma ndi yachilengedwe kwa iwo ndipo ndizovuta kuti adye.
Anthu ena amalangiza kusunga ma polypters mu thanki yopanda kanthu kuti muchepetse kukwiya kwakanthawi. Koma, kuwona nsomba zam'madzi zopanda zokongoletsera, kapena malo ogona ndizomvetsa chisoni.
Komano, zimawoneka zosangalatsa kwambiri akamayenda pang'onopang'ono pakati pa zomera kapena miyala m'nyanja yokongola yokongola. Miyala yosalala, mitengo yolowerera, makamaka mapanga ndioyenera kukongoletsa. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito machubu a ceramic kapena pulasitiki, koma amawoneka ocheperako.
Ponena za kusunga ma polypters okhala ndi zomera, izi ndizotheka. Samadya kapena kuwononga zomera, koma ena akuluakulu amatha kudutsa njira zawo muzitsamba zowirira, monga ma plecostomus akuluakulu. Chifukwa chake ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yolimba kapena masamba.
Zosefera zitha kukhala zamtundu uliwonse malinga ngati zimapereka kusefera kwapamwamba kwambiri.
Ngakhale ma polyperes sakhala nsomba yogwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo samataya zinyalala kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ena, chakudya cha mapuloteni chimapanga zinyalala zazing'ono zambiri zomwe zimawononga madzi mwachangu popanda kusefa kofunikira.
Momwemonso, ma polypters amayenera kusungidwa kutentha kwambiri, kwa dongosolo la 25-30 C. Magawo amadzi siofunikira, koma ndikofunikira kuti akhale ofewa, osalowerera pang'ono kapena pH pang'ono.
Kuunikira sikofunikira pokhapokha mutasunga zomera zovuta. Ma polypteruses nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku, ndipo amakonda madzulo, ngakhale achinyamata omwe amadyetsa komanso kuwunika kowala samasokoneza kwenikweni.
Kungakhale koyenera kuyika nyali ziwiri zam'madzi mu aquarium kuti ziwunikenso madzulo, pomwe magetsi akulu azimitsidwa kale ndipo nsomba ziyamba kugwira ntchito.
Amawonjezeranso zochitika zawo nyali ikazima, koma kuwala kochokera mchipinda kukugwa pa aquarium, mwachitsanzo.
Matenda
Polypteris amadwala kawirikawiri. Masikelo awo akuda amalepheretsa mapangidwe ndi mabala omwe amatha kupanga matenda a bakiteriya, komanso amateteza kumatenda.
Komabe, anthu omwe agwidwa mwachilengedwe amatha kukhala onyamula madzi amchere. Amadziwika ndi kukanda pafupipafupi poyesera kuchotsa tiziromboti. Onetsetsani kuti mupatule nsomba zatsopano.
Kusiyana kogonana
Ndizovuta kusiyanitsa wamkazi ndi wamwamuna. Zizindikiro zosadziwika ndi izi: chimbudzi chokulirapo komanso cholimba pakamphongo, amakhalanso ndi mphako wakuthwa wonenepa, ndipo akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo.
Ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa ma polypters achichepere konse.
Kuswana
Tiyeni tisungitse malo nthawi yomweyo, ma polypters samakonda kupezeka munyanja yam'madzi. Anthu omwe amagulitsidwa amagulitsidwa mwachilengedwe.
Kuchokera pazambiri, titha kunena kuti madzi ofewa, ofewa pang'ono amafunika kuti aswane. Kusintha magawo amadzi ndi kutentha mwina ndichinsinsi chobzala bwino.
Yamphongo imapanga chikho cha zipsepse zamakolo ndi zovundikira, momwe mkazi amayikira mazira omata. Kenako amabalalitsa zomera zokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono.
Pambuyo pobereka, makolo amafunika kubzalidwa mwachangu, apo ayi adya mazira. Mazirawo ndi akulu, 2-3 mm m'mimba mwake, mphutsi zimaswa pambuyo pa masiku 3-4. Mutha kumudyetsa sabata limodzi, pomwe zomwe zili mu yolk sac zidzamalizidwa.
Chakudya choyambira cha Artemia nauplii ndi microworm, chimayenera kuperekedwa pafupi ndi mwachangu momwe zingathere, chifukwa chimatha kugwira ntchito koyamba.
Mitundu ya polypters
P. senegallus senegallus
Polypterus Senegal, mutha kuwerenga mwatsatanetsatane podina ulalo. Mwachidule, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri komanso mopanda manyazi.
Amayesetsa kusambira pafupifupi nthawi zonse, ali ndi chidwi komanso amalimbikira. Simalimbana wina ndi mnzake ndipo siligwira nsomba zina, bola ngati zili zazikulu mokwanira.
Zokwanira, koma m'malire oyenera (mpaka 30 cm). Mwina uwu ndi mtundu womwe muyenera kuyambitsirana ndi ma polypters.
Polypterus ornatipinnis
Polypterus ornatipinis aka Kongo mnohoper. Polypterus Congolese ndi imodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo zotsika mtengo.
Zowona, akamakula, utoto umatha. Tsoka ilo, ndi wamanyazi kwambiri ndipo simumamuwona masana, kupatula milandu yomwe amapita kukadyetsa, ndipo ngakhale zimadalira mawonekedwe ake, ena amakhala achangu, ena ochepa.
Kuphatikiza apo, imakhala yolusa m'banja ndipo imatha kutenga chakudya kuchokera ku nsomba zina. Imakulanso, mpaka 60-70 cm ndipo imafunikira aquarium yayikulu kwambiri.
Ndi chilombo cholimba kwambiri, chokhoza kugwira ngakhale nsomba zachangu.
Polypterus endlicheri
Endlicher's polypterus ndi mtundu waukulu komanso wamphamvu, womwe umafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 75. Masana sikugwira ntchito kwenikweni, umayenda pang'onopang'ono pofunafuna chakudya.
Poganizira kukula kwake, ndibwino kuti muzisunga mumtsinje wosiyana, ndikuzidyetsa ndi chakudya chokwanira, kamodzi kapena kawiri pamlungu.
Delgezi, Ornatus ndi Senegal:
Polypterus delhezi
Polypterus delgezi amakhala ku Congo ndipo amatha kutalika mpaka 35 cm. Kuti mukonze, muyenera kukhala ndi aquarium ya malita 200 kapena kupitilira apo. Masana amakhala wotakataka, amakhala mnyumba.
Yotchuka kwambiri chifukwa chakuchepa kwake ndi mitundu yowala.
Erpetoichthys calabaricus
Kalamoicht Kalabarskiy, za zomwe mwatsatanetsatane zimatsata ulalo. Nsomba ya njoka yokhoza kukwawa mu timing'alu ting'onoting'ono ndi kansomba kakang'ono.
