Kangaude kangaude Ndi gulu lalikulu la ma arachnids, omwe amakhala pafupifupi mitundu sikisi sikisi, pafupifupi theka ndi theka mpaka makumi awiri mwa awiri omwe amapezeka ku Russia. Oimira amtunduwu amapezeka paliponse, amapezeka pafupifupi mayiko onse. Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Nthawi zambiri amalowa m'nyumba ya munthu.
Akangaude amatchedwa mitanda chifukwa cha mitundu yapadera yakumbuyo. Ndi mbali iyi ya thupi akangaude omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo pamtanda, omwe amadziwika ndi mtundu uwu wa nyamakazi. Mothandizidwa ndi izi, amawopseza mbalame ndi nthumwi zina za zomera ndi zinyama, zomwe sizidandaula kudya akangaude.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mtanda wa kangaude
Mitanda ndiyoyimira dongosolo la akangaude, gawo laling'ono la akangaude a araneomorphic, banja la Araneidae, ndi mtundu wa mitanda.
Masiku ano, asayansi atha kufotokoza nthawi yomwe ma arthropod akale anali. Chigoba chokongola cha oimira izi ndi zinyama chikuwonongeka mwachangu, osasiya chilichonse. Zotsalira zazing'ono zakale zakale zapezeka zidutswa za utomoni wolimba, kapena mu amber. Masiku ano akatswiri azanyama amatcha nyengo yoyerekeza ya mawonekedwe a arachnids - zaka 200-230 miliyoni zapitazo. Akangaude oyamba anali ndi matupi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, omwe sanapitirire theka la sentimita.
Kanema: Mtanda wa kangaude
Kapangidwe ka thupi lawo kanalinso kosiyana kwambiri ndi kamakono. Akangaude a nthawi imeneyo anali ndi mchira, womwe cholinga chake chinali kupanga ukonde wolimba wa kangaude. Mitengo yotchedwa kangaudeyi ankagwiritsa ntchito kulumikiza mizere yawo, kapena malo ogona, komanso kuteteza mazira a mazira kuti asawonongeke. Pakusintha, mchira wa zida zakale udagwa. Komabe, makina amakono opota, omwe ali nawo tsopano, sanawonekere nthawi yomweyo.
Akangaude oyamba adawoneka kuti ndi a Gondwana. Kenako zidafalikira mwachangu kudera lonse. Zaka zotsatira za ayezi zidachepetsa kwambiri madera omwe amakhala. Artropods amadziwika ndi kusinthika mwachangu, pomwe akangaude asintha kunja kutengera dera lokhalamo, komanso kukhala amtundu wina.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamkulu
Monga nthumwi zina za arachnids, thupi la kangaude limagawika m'magulu awiri: cephalothorax ndi pamimba. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi ma arachnoid warts ndipo zida zoyenda kumapeto kwake zimaimiridwa ndi ntchafu, gawo la bondo, mwendo wakumunsi, forefoot, mapazi ndi zikhadabo. Akangaude amakhalanso ndi chelicerae ndi pedipalps.
Mitanda imakhala ndi thupi laling'ono. Oimira amtunduwu anena zakugonana - amuna ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa akazi kukula kwamthupi. Kutalika thupi kwa mkazi ndi masentimita 2.0-4.5, ndipo wamwamuna ndi 1.0-1.2 cm.
Thupi la nyamakazi limakutidwa ndi khungu loyenda ngati mchenga, lomwe tizilombo timatsanulira nthawi ya molting.
Akangaude ali ndi miyendo 12:
- gulu limodzi la chelicerae, cholinga chake chachikulu ndikukonzekera ndikupha omwe agwidwawo. Miyendo iwiriyo imayendetsedwa pansi;
- miyendo inayi ya miyendo yoyenda yomwe ili ndi zikhadabo kumapeto kwake;
- mapepala awiri, omwe amapangidwa kuti akonze nyama yawo. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti posungira pali gawo lomaliza la miyendo yamphongo mwa amuna, momwe umuna umayenderera, womwe umasamutsidwira kucholowera chachikazi chachikazi.
Mitanda imakhala ndi ma peyala anayi kapena anayi, koma samakula bwino. Masomphenya mwa oyimira nyamayi sanakule bwino, amatha kusiyanitsa zokhazokha ndi zilembo zambiri. Mphamvu yakukhudza imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholozera m'malo ozungulira. Ntchitoyi imagwiridwa ndi tsitsi lomwe limaphimba pafupifupi thupi lonse.
Chosangalatsa: Akangaude ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yaubweya m'matupi awo. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndiudindo wolandila mitundu ina yazidziwitso: kuwala, mawu, kayendedwe, ndi zina zambiri.
Mimba ya kangaude ndi yozungulira. Palibe magawo pamenepo. Pamwamba pake pamakhala mtanda wodziwika bwino. M'munsi mwake muli mitundu itatu yapawiri yapadera ya kangaude. Ndi munthawi imeneyi momwe matumbo zikwizikwi amatseguka, omwe amatulutsa ukonde wolimba, wodalirika.
Njira yopumira ili pamimba ndipo imayimilidwa ndi matumba awiri am'mapapo ndi chubu cha tracheal. Mtima uli kumbuyo. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a chubu ndi zotengera zomwe zimachokera pamenepo.
Kodi kangaude wamtanda amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mtanda wa kangaude ku Russia
Akangaude amtunduwu amadziwika ndi kugawa kulikonse. Amakhala pafupifupi mayiko onse ku Eurasia. Zofala kwambiri ku North America.
Mitanda imakonda malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, kuwala pang'ono kwa dzuwa komanso kutentha kwamlengalenga. Akangaude amakonda kuphatikiza m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, madambo, minda, ndi minda. Malo okhala anthu nawonso. Akangagonera, kangaude amakwera m'ming'alu kapena malo olumikizana pakati pamakoma, malo osafikirika, malo pakati pa mipando ndi khoma, ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zambiri mitanda imapezeka pamitengo yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili pafupi ndi mosungira madzi.
Malo omwe amakhala:
- gawo la pafupifupi Europe;
- Russia;
- Africa;
- Maiko aku Asia;
- Kumpoto kwa Amerika.
Akangaude amakonda kukhazikika komwe kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta kuluka maukonde awo, pomwe tizilombo tambiri titha kugwera. M'dera la Russia, mitanda imapezeka m'mapaki ndi mabwalo amzindawu.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe kangaude wamtanda amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi kangaude amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamtanda mwachilengedwe
Mtanda uli kutali ndi nthumwi yoopsa ya ma arthropods. Ndi za mitundu ya poizoni ya ma arachnids, ndipo mwachilengedwe amadziwika kuti ndi mlenje. Amapita kukasaka nthawi zambiri usiku.
Kodi chakudya chimachokera kuti:
- ntchentche;
- udzudzu;
- agulugufe;
- zoipa;
- nsabwe.
Kutuluka kukasaka, mtanda uli pakatikati pa intaneti ndipo umazizira. Mukamuwona munthawi imeneyi, zikuwoneka kuti wamwalira. Komabe, nyamayo ikakodwa muukonde, kangaudeyo amalowetsa miyendo ndi mikono yake yakutsogolo m'menemo ndi liwiro la mphezi, kubaya poizoni. Pakapita kanthawi kochepa, chakudya chomwe chingakhalepo chimasiya kukana. Mitanda imatha kuzidya nthawi yomweyo, kapena kuzisiya mtsogolo.
Oimira ma arachnids amadziwika kuti ndi osusuka. Kuti akhale okwanira, amafunikira chakudya chochuluka patsiku chomwe chimaposa thupi lawo. Pachifukwa ichi, akangaude amakhala nthawi yayitali akusaka. Amapuma makamaka masana. Ngakhale nthawi yonseyi, ulusi wazizindikiro nthawi zonse umamangirizidwa ku umodzi mwamiyendo ya kangaude.
Chosangalatsa: Kangaude wamtanda samadya aliyense amene amagwera maukonde ake. Ngati kachilombo ka poizoni kakuwamenya, kapena kamene kamatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa, kapena kachilombo kakang'ono, kangaude amangoluma ulusiwo ndikumutulutsa.
Artropods ali ndi mtundu wakunja wamagawo am'mimba. Sangathe kugaya chakudya paokha. Amakonda kuzipukusa pang'ono mothandizidwa ndi poyizoni woyizoni. Pokhapokha matumbo a tizilombo tomwe tagwidwa atasanduka chinthu chamadzimadzi, kangaude amamwa. Komanso, akangaude nthawi zambiri, atapundula wovulalayo, amakulunga mu cocco ya intaneti. Imakhalanso ndi gawo lakumbuyo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mtanda wofanana wa kangaude
Akangaude ndi nyamakazi yozizira usiku, yomwe imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri usiku. Amathera nthawi yawo yambiri akusaka komanso sapuma pang'ono. Monga malo okhala, onetsetsani kuti mwasankha malo omwe kuli chinyezi chochuluka komanso kuwala kochepa kwa dzuwa.
Mawebusayiti nthawi zambiri amaluka pakati pa nthambi za zitsamba, mitengo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera, masamba a udzu, ndi zina zambiri. Iwo ali m'malo obisika pafupi ndi ukonde wawo wotchera. Mitambo ya kangaude yomwe imatha kulumikiza akangaude ndi yolimba kwambiri ndipo imatha kugwira ngakhale tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri, timene timakhala tating'onoting'ono tambiri kuposa thupi la kangaude womwewo.
Krestoviki amadziwika kuti ndi ogwira ntchito molimbika, chifukwa amaluka mwakhama mawebusayiti awo. Amakonda kuluka mawebusayiti akuluakulu. Akakhala osayenera kugwira nyama, amabalalitsa ndikuluka maukonde atsopano.
Chosangalatsa: Kangaude sadzakodwa muukonde wake womwe, chifukwa nthawi zonse amayenda mosadukiza.
Akangaude amakhalanso ndi intaneti makamaka usiku. Izi ndichifukwa choti adani akuluakulu amtanda amakhala osunthika komanso amawasaka masana. Akangaude akupanga ukonde wosakira amawonetsa kulondola, tsatanetsatane komanso kusamala. Pakati pa moyo wawo, samadalira pakuwona, koma pakukhudza. Krestovik amakhala moyo wokhaokha.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mtanda wa kangaude
M'nthawi yonse yachilimwe ndi yotentha, amuna amakhala otanganidwa kupanga matabwa ndi kupereka chakudya chokwanira. Nyengo yokhwima ikangoyamba kumene, amuna amasiya malo awo obisalamo ndikuyamba kufunafuna yaikazi yoti akwere. Munthawi imeneyi, samadya chilichonse, zomwe zimafotokoza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.
Mitanda ndi ya dioecious arthropods. Nthawi ya kukwatira ndi chibwenzi chachikazi nthawi zambiri imakhala usiku. Zimakhala ndi magwiridwe achilendo amphongo, omwe amaphatikizira ndikulumikiza ndi miyendo yawo. Mwamuna atakwanitsa kufikira ndi miyendo yake kumutu kwa mkazi, kusamutsidwa kwa madzimadzi kumachitika. Akakwatirana, amuna ambiri amafa ndi katemera wa poizoni wamkazi.
Nthawi yaukwati ili kumapeto kwa nyengo yotentha, kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira. Mzimayi amapanga cocoko kuchokera pa intaneti, momwe amaikira mazira. Choko chimodzi chimatha kukhala ndi mazira achikuda 3 mpaka 7 mazana. Poyamba, mkazi amavala choko ichi pa iyemwini, kenako amapeza malo obisika ndikubisala. Cocoon imabisa ana amtsogolo ku mvula, mphepo ndi kuzizira. Masika, akangaude amayamba kutuluka m'mazira. Kwa kanthawi kochepa amakhala mkati mwa chikuku, kenako amatuluka ndikufalikira mbali zosiyanasiyana. Mitanda yaying'ono nthawi yomweyo imadziyimira pawokha ndikukhala moyo wakutali.
Akangaude atasiya choko, amayesa kupatukana mwachangu momwe angathere. Poganizira za mpikisano wapamwamba komanso kuthekera kokhala chakudya cha okalamba, gawo ili liziwonjezera mwayi wakupulumuka.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Achinyamata obadwa kumene ali ndi miyendo yaying'ono komanso yofooka, kuti apatukane, amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti, pomwe amatha kuwuluka mpaka ma kilometre mazana angapo, bola ngati kuli mphepo.
Zolumikizira zimazolowera bwino kuzinthu zatsopano. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti nthawi zambiri amatsegulidwa ndi okonda mitundu yinyama ndi zinyama monga ziweto zawo. Pakukonzekera kwawo, terrarium yokwanira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupezera kanyumba kakakulu kwambiri.
Adani achilengedwe a akangaude
Chithunzi: Kangaude wamphongo wachikazi
Ngakhale kuti crusader ndiyomwe ili m'gulu la akangaude owopsa, owopsa, amakhalanso ndi adani. Ndikuchepetsa mwayi wodyedwa kuti amakhala otakataka usiku. Adani akuluakulu amtunduwu wa nyamakazi amatha kutchedwa mbalame, komanso tizilombo - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mitundu ina ya mavu ndi ntchentche zimayembekezera kangaudeyu kuti amaundana pa intaneti poyembekezera wotsatira wotsatira, kuulukira pomwepo ndikuyika mazira pathupi pake.
Pambuyo pake, mphutsi zamatenda zimachokera kwa iwo, zomwe zimadyetsa matumbo a kangaude. Matendawa akawonjezeka, amadya kangaude wamoyo. Omenyera ufulu wawo ndi ochepa kukula, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa mfundo yakuti iwonso amakhala nyama ya ma arachnid ena akuluakulu. Adani amtandawo amaphatikizaponso ena amphibiya, monga abuluzi kapena achule.
Adani akulu a kangaude mu vivo:
- opulumutsa;
- nalimata;
- iguana;
- achule;
- ziphuphu;
- mileme;
- nyerere.
Munthu si mdani wa kangaude. M'malo mwake, omenyera ufulu wawo nthawi zina amatha kuwononga thanzi la anthu. Sizachilendo kwa iwo kuti amenyane kaye. Atakumana ndi munthu, oimira nyamazi amathamangira kukabisala. Komabe, ngati awona kuti pali zoopsa, amawukira. Chifukwa chakulumidwa, munthu wathanzi wathanzi sangafe, komabe, adzamvanso kukhala wosasangalala komanso kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Zotsatira zakuluma pamtanda ndikumva kuwawa, chizungulire, nseru, kusanza, kutupa, kupatsanso malo oluma. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zonse pamwambapa zimatha popanda mankhwala.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mtanda wa kangaude
Masiku ano, kangaude amaonedwa kuti ndi woimira wamba wama arachnids. Amakhala m'dera lalikulu la Eurasia ndi North America.
Akangaude Chili ambiri subspecies a akangaude. Zina mwa izo zimagawidwa kudera lalikulu, zina zimakhala ndi malo ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, kangaude wa ku Hawaiian Wolf amakhala kokha pachilumba cha Kautai.
Kangaude, yemwe asayansi amatcha wosaka mizere, amapezeka ponseponse kudera lonse la Europe. Palibe mapulogalamu ndi zochitika zapadera zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuteteza ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nyamakazi.
M'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, anthu ali ndi zigawenga monga nyama yachilendo ku terrarium. Kangaude wamatsenga ndi gawo limodzi lachilengedwe. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti ngati kachilombo kapena nyamakazi ili ndi poizoni, iyenera kuwonongedwa. Ndi chinyengo. Munthu ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngati cholumikizira chofunikira ngati kangaude chimatha, kuwonongeka kosatheka kudzachitikanso kudziko lapansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 06/21/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 25.09.2019 pa 13:34
