Pyrenean Shepherd (Berger des Pyrénées, English Pyrenean Shepherd) ndi agalu ang'onoang'ono, omwe amachokera kumapiri a Pyrenees kumwera kwa France ndi kumpoto kwa Spain, omwe amaweta ziweto, makamaka nkhosa. Ankagwira ntchito yoweta ziweto pamodzi ndi galu wamkulu wam'mapiri wa Pyrenean, mtundu wina womwe umasamalira gulu.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Mbiri yambiri ya mtunduwu yatayika kwazaka zambiri. Zimadziwika kokha kuti Galu wa Mbusa wa Pyrenean adawoneka kalekale asanapange zolemba za kuswana kwa agalu. Mtundu uwu ukhoza kulembedwa asanayambe kulembedwa, kapena kufalikira kwake ku Europe.
Zambiri zomwe zimanenedwa za komwe mtunduwo unayambira sizongopeka komanso nthano. Ndi mtundu wakale womwe wasintha m'mapiri a Pyrenees kwazaka mazana ambiri, kapena zikwi zambiri.
Pali zotsutsana zambiri zakuti kugwidwa kwa galu kunayamba bwanji, liti komanso kuti. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa umboni wamabwinja, majini, ndi zotsalira.
Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana afika pamalingaliro osiyana kwambiri. Akatswiri akuti agalu adayambitsidwa kuweta kwinakwake zaka pakati pa 7,000 ndi 100,000 zaka zapitazo, pomwe umboni wakale udafotokoza zam'mbuyomu komanso umboni wabwinobwino wosonyeza masiku akale.
Momwemonso, galu woweta adachokera kulikonse ku North Africa kupita ku China. Akatswiri ambiri amati agalu onse akuweta amachokera ku gulu limodzi la mimbulu yoweta; ena amakhulupirira kuti agalu anali owetedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Limodzi mwa mafunso ovuta, omwe adayankhidwa mosabisa, ndi mtundu wanji womwe ndi kholo la galu - nkhandwe.
Komanso, pafupifupi aliyense amavomereza kuti galu anali nyama yoyamba kuwetedwa.
Agalu anali oyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati alenje ndi alonda ndi mafuko osuntha-osonkhanitsa. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, anthu onse ndi agalu anzawo akhala motere. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zithunzi zomwe zidayikidwa pamakoma amapanga ndi akatswiri akale.
Chimodzi mwazithunzi zojambula bwino kwambiri zojambulidwa ku Lascaux ku France. Zomwe zidapangidwa zaka 25,000 zapitazo, mapanga awa akuwonetsa nyama zambiri za Ice Age komanso anthu omwe amazisaka. Zinyama zojambulidwa zomwe zimapezeka m'malo ozungulira, monga mahatchi, njati, mammoth, njati, nswala, mikango, zimbalangondo ndi mimbulu (kapena, malinga ndi ena, agalu oyamba kuweta).
Popeza mapanga a Lascaux ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mapiri a Pyrenean, omwe Pyrenean Shepherd Galu amawawona kuti ndi kwawo, okonda mitundu yambiri amatsutsa kuti zithunzi zakale za agalu ndi agalu oyambira ku Pyrenean. Komabe, palibe umboni wotsimikizira izi, popeza zojambulazo mwina sizitha kuwonetsa agalu konse, koma mimbulu, yomwe, monga mikango ndi zimbalangondo, idawopedwa ndi adani a nthawiyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, popeza ulimi sunayambebe kukula ndipo sichingakule patadutsa zaka masauzande ambiri, agalu aliwonse omwe akuwonetsedwa sangakhale akuweta agalu ngati Pyrenean Shepherd Dog.
Ngakhale tsiku lenileni silikudziwika ndipo likutsutsana, akukhulupirira kuti nthawi isanakwane zaka 10,000 zapitazo, anthu, kusiya njira zawo zosamukasamuka, adayamba kukhazikika m'midzi ndikuyamba ulimi. Ngakhale kuti izi zidachitika m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, zikukhulupilira kuti zidachitika ku Middle East.
Ngakhale amakhulupirira kuti kubzala mbewu ndizomwe zimaloleza kukhazikika kwanthawi zonse, mitundu yambiri ya zinyama idadyetsedwa kale kapena panthawiyi. Amakhulupirira kuti ziweto zazikulu zoyambirira zomwe anthu ankasunga zinali nkhosa ndi mbuzi. Komabe, nyama zikuluzikulu zimatha kukhala zovuta kuzilamulira, ndipo zikamangiriridwa kapena kuphatikizidwa, zimatha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha nyama zakutchire monga mimbulu ndi zimbalangondo.
Izi zidapangitsa kufunikira kwa agalu omwe samangoyang'anira paketi, komanso kuteteza milandu yawo kwa abale achilengedwe. Izi zidapangitsa kuti galu asinthe ntchito yake ngati wantchito wa munthu, chifukwa amayenera kupitirira momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kale - kungothandiza pakasaka.
Mwamwayi, agalu adatha kusintha udindo watsopanowu, ndipo kusintha kuchokera kwa mlenje ndi wakupha kuti akhale m'busa komanso woteteza kunali kosavuta kuposa momwe ambiri angaganizire. Agalu, ochokera kwa mimbulu, adalandira luso lawo loweta kuchokera kwa anzawo akutchire, omwe, mothandizidwa ndi chidwi chasukulu, amadyetsa nyama.
Mimbulu imagwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe apamwamba komanso kulumikizana pakati pamagulu kunyamula nyama, kuwakakamiza kuti apite komwe angafune, ndikulekanitsa nyama iliyonse kuti ikhale yosavuta kupha. Kuphatikiza apo, agalu, monga mimbulu, ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu poyerekeza ndi mapaketi anzawo.
Agalu oweta nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti gulu la nkhosa ndi gulu lawo ndipo lidzawateteza ku chiwopsezo chifukwa cha izi. Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a ulimi, agalu akhala akufunika kwambiri kuti asunge ziweto.
Ulimi umapereka chitetezo chambiri ndikukula kwa anthu. Kuchita izi kunali kopambana kwambiri kwakuti kudafalikira kuchokera ku Middle East kupita ku Europe, pang'onopang'ono kumangobwezera moyo wosaka; kulikonse komwe anthu amapita, amatenga agalu awo.
Potsirizira pake, ulimi unafalikira kumapiri a Iberia, omwe amalekanitsa France wamakono ndi Peninsula ya Iberia. Pofika 6000 BC, kuswana kwa nkhosa ndi mbuzi ku Pyrenees kunali kotukuka kwambiri kotero kuti malowo adasintha kwambiri. Abusa akalewa mosakayikira ankagwiritsa ntchito agalu kuwathandiza kuweta nkhosa zawo. Kaya agalu amenewa amabwera kuchokera kumayiko ena, mwina ochokera ku Middle East, kapena ochokera ku agalu omwe alipo m'derali sizikudziwika.
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Pyrenean Sheepdog kapena makolo ake omwe anali ogwirizana kwambiri anali agalu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'derali kuyambira masiku akale aulimi. Ngati izi ndi zoona, ndiye kuti Pyrenean Sheepdog adzakhala m'modzi wakale kwambiri.
Mzere wakalewu sunachirikizidwe ndi umboni wambiri wolemba. Komabe, mapiri a Pyrenees anyalanyaza zosintha zambiri m'mbiri. Anthu monga ma Basque akhala kuno kwa zaka masauzande, ngakhale asanafike Aroma komanso Aselote.
Zigwa zakutali ndi malo otsetsereka a Pyrenees sizinakhudzidwe ndimakono mpaka zaka zana zapitazi. Kuphatikiza apo, Pyrenees ndi madera oyandikana ndi kwawo kuli mitundu yambiri ya agalu yomwe sinasinthe m'zaka mazana ambiri mwina zaka, monga galu wa Great Pyrenean ndi Grand Bleu de Gascogne.
Makhalidwe ambiri a Pyrenean Sheepdog amatchulanso cholowa chake chakale. Mitunduyi imakhala yosamvera kwambiri kuposa agalu ena oweta ndipo imatha kukhala yovuta kwambiri. Komanso mtundu uwu umakonda kwambiri munthu m'modzi, osamala kwambiri za alendo. Pomaliza, mtundu uwu uli ndi mavuto olamulira.
Makhalidwe onsewa ndi mtundu wa mitundu yakale kwambiri ya agalu monga Basenji, Saluki ndi Akita.
M'madera ambiri padziko lapansi, agalu owetera amayenera kukhala akulu mokwanira kuti ateteze ng'ombe zawo ku mimbulu, zimbalangondo ndi zilombo zina zazikulu. Pochita izi, agalu akulu abusa amapezeka m'chigawochi nthawi ya Aroma, ndipo mwina kale.
Agaluwa anali makolo a galu wamkulu wa ku Pyrenean. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, akhala akugwira ntchito limodzi. Agalu akuluakulu aku Pyrenean amateteza ng'ombe zawo, pomwe Pyrenean Sheepdog imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokha pokha. Panali kuswana pang'ono pakati pa awiriwo; mgwirizano uwu ndichinthu chomwe sichinachitike ndi mitundu ina iwiri ya agalu kulikonse padziko lapansi.
M'kupita kwa nthawi ndipo nyama zolusa zidathetsedweratu, zidadziwika kuti agalu ang'onoang'ono amakhala oyenera kudyetserako zifukwa pazifukwa zambiri. Sangakhale ovulazidwa ndi nyama yomwe ikukankha. Amadzidaliranso komanso amakhala achangu, makamaka zothandiza pamapiri osabereka.
Chofunika kwambiri, agalu ang'onoang'ono amafuna chakudya chochepa. Izi zimathandiza alimi kusunga agalu ambiri, zomwe zimawalola kuti azisamalira ndikuwongolera ziweto zazikulu.
Zolemba zambiri zoyambirira za dera la Iberia zimatchula abusa ndi agalu anzawo. Malembo apakatikati amafotokoza momwe agalu owetera am'deralo amatsagana ndi eni ake kulikonse komwe amapita.
Kuyambira koyambirira kwamakedzana, mtunduwo udayamba kuwonetsedwa pazithunzi komanso m'mafanizo. Ngakhale zithunzi zakale kwambiri zikufanana modabwitsa ndi a Pyrenean Sheepdogs amakono. Agalu aliwonse omwe awonetsedwa pantchitoyi atha kukhala a Pyrenean Shepherd, omwe akugwira ntchito lero kumwera kwa France.
Ngakhale a Pyrenean Sheepdogs nthawi zonse amasankhidwa kuti akhale ndi zikhalidwe monga zazing'ono komanso nzeru zoweta, zambiri zakukula kwawo zimatsimikizika mwachilengedwe. Pyrenees amatha kukhala ovuta, ndipo agalu amenewa adapangidwa kuti azitha kuthana ndi nyengo ndi matenda.
Kuphatikiza apo, pakhala pali zolepheretsa kuswana agalu pakati pa zigwa zamapiri. Izi zidapangitsa kuti mitundu yambiri iberekane komanso kusiyana pakati pa agalu ochokera kumadera oyandikana nawo.
Kawirikawiri kuswana kwa abusa ku Pyrenean kumachitika ndikukula mikhalidwe yopindulitsa yomwe imapezeka mwa agalu a m'chigwa chimodzi, mwa kuswana, kenako ndikufalitsa mikhalidwe imeneyi pogulitsa kapena kugulitsa agalu ku zigwa zoyandikana nazo, potero kukulitsa gulu lonse la majini. Kulumikizana kochepa pakati pa mitundu kwadzetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mawonekedwe akunja agalu amakono a Pyrenean Shepherd, monga mtundu ndi mtundu wa malaya.
Agalu ochulukirachulukira, obalalika m'zigwa zosawerengeka zakomweko, adakulitsanso mwayi wazosintha zatsopano.
Ngakhale anthu angapo ochokera kumayiko ena adatenga mbuzi zawo za ku Pyrenean kupita nawo kumadera ena ku Europe, mtunduwo sunadziwike konse kunja kwa kwawo ku France mpaka nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse.
Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyi, Agalu masauzande ambirimbiri a ku Pyrenean Shepherd Agalu adatumiza gulu lankhondo laku France ngati otumiza, kusaka ndi kupulumutsa agalu, komanso kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira agalu. Mazana a oimira mtunduwo, ndipo mwina masauzande, adapereka miyoyo yawo.
J. Dehr, yemwe adalamulira agalu onse omenyera nkhondo, adalengeza atapambana kuti a Pyrenean Shepherd anali "anzeru kwambiri, achinyengo kwambiri, otha kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso achangu kwambiri " mwa mitundu yonse yomwe asitikali aku France amagwiritsa ntchito, kuphatikiza Beauséron, Briard ndi Bouvier waku Flanders.
Pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, okonda agalu adaganiza zoteteza ndikudziwitsa nyama zomwe amakonda. Mu 1926, amateurs motsogozedwa ndi Bernard Senac-Lagrange adakhazikitsa Reunion des Amateurs de Chiens Pyrenees, kapena RACP, kuti alimbikitse ndikuteteza Pyrenean Sheepdog ndi Great Pyrenean Dog. Mtunduwo pamapeto pake unazindikiridwa ndi French Kennel Club ndi magulu angapo apadziko lonse lapansi.
Pyrenean Sheepdog ili ndi ochepa koma okhulupirika kutsatira kunja kwa France, makamaka ku America. Galu Woyamba Wachizungu wa Pyrenean ku America adawonekera m'ma 1800 limodzi ndi gulu la nkhosa zotumizidwa kunja. Komabe, utatha, mtunduwo mwina unatha ku America kapena kuwoloka ndi agalu ena mpaka kufika poti ungakhalepo m'njira iliyonse yodziwika.
Ati agalu aku Pyrenean oyambilira a m'zaka za zana la 19 ayenera kuti adakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha Australia Shepherd. M'malo mwake, mitunduyi imafanana m'njira zambiri, makamaka mtundu wa malaya.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe tsopano ndi nyama zambiri, Pyrenean Shepherd amakhalabe nyama yogwira ntchito.
Agaluwa amapezeka kumapiri a Pyrenees, akudyetsa nkhosa ndi mbuzi, monga akhala zaka mazana ambiri. Anapezanso ntchito kutsidya kwa nyanja m'malo ngati American West. Ngakhale mtundu uwu ukuyamba kupeza ena ngati nyama yothandizana nawo, kutchuka kwawo kumakhalabe kotsika; Adasankha 162 mwa mitundu 167 yolembetsa AKC mu 2019.
Kufotokozera
Galu wa Mbusa wa Pyrenean ali ndi mitundu iwiri: tsitsi lalitali komanso nkhope yosalala. Amasiyana makamaka ndi ubweya wawo. Mitundu yonseyi imakhala ndi chovala chotalika chapakatikati chomwe chimakwirira matupi awo ambiri.
Chovalacho chiyenera kukhala chosalala ndipo nthawi zambiri chimafotokozedwa ngati mtanda pakati pa ubweya wa mbuzi ndi nkhosa. Sheepdog wa nkhope yosalala amakhala ndi chovala chachifupi kwambiri pakamwa pake ndipo amawoneka ngati mtundu wofanana ndi Agalu a Australia Abusa.
M'galu waubweya wa Pyrenean Shepherd Galu, mutu wake wambiri umakutidwa ndi tsitsi lalitali, lomwe limapangitsa kuti liziwoneka ngati Old English Shepherd kapena Polish Plains Shepherd. Komabe, malaya akunja a Pyrenean Shepherd sayenera kuphimba maso agalu kapena kuchepetsa kuwona.
Ngakhale amawerengedwa padera, mawonekedwe onsewa amawoloka pafupipafupi, ndipo ana agalu amitundu yonseyi amabadwira m'matumba amodzi.
Pafupifupi nthumwi zonse za mtunduwu ndizochepa kwambiri kwa galu woweta, iyi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri mwa agalu achi French. Agalu okhala ndi nkhope zosalala nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo.
Amuna nthawi zambiri amafota kuchokera pa masentimita 39 mpaka 53, ndipo akazi kuyambira masentimita 36 mpaka 48. Mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umakhala wolemera pakati pa 7 ndi 15 kilogalamu. Mbalame yotchedwa Pyrenean Sheepdog ili ndi mutu wawung'ono pathupi lawo, wokhala ndi mphuno yayifupi, yowongoka.
Agaluwa ayenera kukhala ndi maso akulu komanso owoneka bwino, nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiira kapena amdima (kupatula agalu amvi ndi osilira). Pyrenean Sheepdog iyenera kukhala ndi makutu owongoka kapena a rosette, ndipo agalu okhala ndi makutu atha kusakanikirana.
Iyi ndi galu wopangidwa kuti agwire ntchito. Mtunduwo umayenera kumangidwa bwino komanso kusungunuka bwino. Ali ndi mchira wautali, ngakhale siutali wa thupi la galu.
Galu wa Mbusa wa Pyrenean ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuposa mitundu yamitundu yambiri ya agalu. Mitunduyi imatha kubwera mumitundu yambiri, ina yake imaphatikizidwa ndi zakuda, makala amtundu uliwonse wa ngale, mitundu yambiri yosakanikirana, yolimba, yakuda ndi yakuda yokhala ndi zolemba zoyera.
Agalu omwe ndi oyera kwambiri amadziwika kuti ndi osayenera.
Khalidwe
Galu wa Mbusa wa Pyrenean ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kuposa mitundu ina. Mtundu wamtunduwu umayambanso kutengera zochitika zachilengedwe kuposa agalu ena ambiri.
Ndizosatheka kudziwa momwe galu wina aliyense adzakhalire akadali kamwana, koma ndizovuta makamaka zomwe zidzachitike kwa Pyrenean Shepherd.
Monga lamulo, iyi ndi galu limodzi lomwe limakonda kukhala ndi m'modzi wa banja limodzi kapena banja laling'ono. Mwambiri, Pyrenean Sheepdog amadziwika chifukwa chodzipereka komanso kukonda banja lake, kuphatikiza ana.
Komabe, agalu omwe sanaleredwe ndi ana atha kukhala ndi mavuto. Mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umakhala wabwino makamaka kwa alendo. Mbuzi ya Pyrenean Sheepdog imakonda kukhala kutali ndi alendo ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yamanjenje kapena yamantha.
Agalu omwe sanagwirizane nawo moyenera amakhala achiwawa kapena amanyazi kwambiri. Mtunduwo umakhalanso ndi mavuto pakulamulira.Ngati sizikudziwika kuti mwini wake ndi ndani, galuyo amatenga udindo wokhala mwini wake.
Pyrenees Shepherds akhala akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi agalu ena ndipo samakonda kuwachitira nkhanza. Komabe, mayanjano oyenera ndikofunikira kuti tipewe mantha kapena zovuta zina.
Monga mtundu woweta, amachita bwino ndi ziweto zopanda agalu ngati azicheza bwino. Komabe, nzeru zoweta nyamazi zimatha kulanda, zomwe zimabweretsa mphaka woweta wokwiya kwambiri.
Galu wa Mbusa wa Pyrenean amadziwika kuti amakhala wokonda kuphunzira komanso kuphunzira. Komabe, mtunduwu sutengeka kwambiri ndi maphunziro monga mitundu yambiri yoweta, ndipo imadziwika chifukwa choumala.
Ngati mukufunitsitsa kupilira ndikuwonjezeka kwakanthawi pang'ono, Mbusa akhoza kuphunzitsidwa bwino. Agaluwa amangomvetsera kwa m'modzi m'modzi yekha kapena abale ena ochepa. Maphunziro ndi mayanjano ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtunduwu, chifukwa zimachotsa manyazi, kulamulira komanso kupsa mtima.
Kuphatikiza apo, Mbusayo atha kukonzedwa. Ophunzitsa ayenera kukhala osamala komanso odekha makamaka akagwira ntchito ndi agaluwa.
Agalu amafunikira kwambiri zolimbitsa thupi komanso kusangalatsa amisala, okwera kwambiri kuposa agalu ambiri amtundu wofanana. Ndi agalu ogwira ntchito, osati maulesi.
Agaluwa amafunika kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse. Ngati sichikuchitidwa moyenera, Mbusa wa Pyrenean amatha kukhala wamanjenje komanso wokonda mopitirira muyeso. Galu wamanjenje kapena wokondwa kwambiri amatha kukhala osayembekezereka.
Ngakhale mtunduwu ulibe mbiri yowononga, agalu anzeru awa amakhala owononga ngati atatopa.
Agalu amenewa amakhalanso akuwa mopitirira muyeso, nthawi zina pafupifupi mosalamulirika. Adabadwa kuti achenjeze eni ake za kufikira kwa anthu kapena nyama. Zotsatira zake, mtunduwo umakhala wokweza mawu. Khalidwe ili limapangitsa mtunduwo kukhala galu woyang'anira wabwino kwambiri.
Komabe, ngati atayimitsidwa, amathanso kuwonongeka. Abusa a Pyrenees Abusa ayenera kukhala oyanjana moyenera, ophunzitsidwa ndikulimbikitsidwa, apo ayi amatha kukuwa pachilichonse chomwe chimadutsa, nthawi zina kwa maola ambiri.
M'mizinda, izi zimatha kubweretsa madandaulo a phokoso.
Chisamaliro
Ngakhale poyang'ana koyamba zikuwoneka kuti Galu wa Mbusa wa Pyrenean adzafunika kudzikongoletsa, sizili choncho. Chovala cha agaluwa chidapangidwa kuti chisakhale chodzisamalira ndikuwateteza ku nyengo yoipa.
Zotsatira zake, ndiwolimba komanso wankhanza. Agalu Ambiri a Mbusa a Pyrenean safuna kudzisamalira mwaluso. M'malo mwake, miyezo yamagulu imalepheretsa kudzikongoletsa kwina, makamaka pamitundu yosalala.
Komabe, agaluwa amafunika kutsuka nthawi zonse. Amaganiziridwa okhetsa pang'ono. Ngakhale uwu si mtundu wabwino wa omwe ali ndi vuto lodana ndi ziwengo, simudzakhala ndi ubweya wambiri pazinyumba zanu.
Zaumoyo
Petrean Sheepdog wakhala akusungidwa ngati galu wogwira ntchito kwazaka zambiri, mwina mzaka zambiri. Matenda obadwa nawo komanso mavuto ena azaumoyo sangaloledwe ndi obereketsa ndipo mwina amapha nyama nyengo yovuta yamapiri.
Izi sizitanthauza kuti sangatengeke ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe matenda obadwa nawo omwe amapezeka kwambiri pamtunduwu.
Mpaka pano, kugwira ntchito molimbika komanso kudziletsa ndizochita zazikulu za Agalu Abusa ambiri a ku Pyrenean. Zotsatira zake, ndi galu wathanzi kwambiri.
M'malo mwake, amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuposa agalu aliwonse. 14 mpaka 15 wazaka.
