Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Zikafika pa mbalame yakutchire, gulu "msodzi" nthawi yomweyo limabwera m'maganizo! Zowonadi, titha kunena kuti ma cormorant adayenera kulandira dzina loti sanatchulidwe. Anamupambana ndi ulemu komanso kudzidalira chifukwa cha luso lawo lalikulu pakusodza.
Mbalame yakutchire ndi ya banja la cormorant, ndi mbalame za kunyanja. Pali mitundu ya cormorants: crested, yaying'ono chakuda cormorant, zazikulu ndi zina zambiri.
M'Chilatini, dzina la mbalameyi limalembedwa "Phalacrocorax". Cormorants amasiyana kukula. Ena amafanana kukula, mwachitsanzo, ndi merganser ochokera kubanja la bakha; zina zidzakhala zazikulu. Mulimonsemo, kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame kumasiyana pafupifupi theka la mita mpaka imodzi.
Zina zimauluka mofulumira, molunjika. Ngati pali kunyamuka pamadzi, amabalalika ndikutenga mathamangitsidwe. Mapiko a Cormorants ataliatali amatha kufikira mita imodzi ndi theka. Pafupifupi, zizindikilo zimakwanira kuyambira chimango mpaka makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi.
Kunja kaonedwe cormorant zingakhale zosiyana. Makolala ambiri akuluakulu amakhala amdima: akuda, akuda ndi oyera (okhala ndi anthu akuda), obiriwira, ndi zina zambiri. Zitha kukhala zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi a cormorants chifukwa chowoneka ofanana kwambiri. Aliyense atha kutsimikizira izi poyang'ana momwe zimawonekera cormorant kuyatsa chithunzi.
Akatswiri ofufuza za mbalame omwe amaphunzira mbalame zamtunduwu amadziwa bwino zakusiyana pakati pa mbalame zazimuna ndi zazimuna, pantchito yawo komanso kafukufuku wawo omwe amakumana nawo nthawi zambiri. Monga mukudziwa, ndi zitsanzo zosonyeza, kuphunzira zinthu zilizonse ndikosavuta!
Zosangalatsa cormorant ili ndi mlomo wautali, womangirizidwa wopanda mphuno. M'manja mwake muli nsalu. Cormorant amakhala makamaka m'malo am'nyanja, koma amathanso kukhala m'madzi.
Mitundu ya Cormorant
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cormorants (kuphatikiza cormorants) imadziwika, mbalame zimasanjidwanso ndi mitundu. Pali mitundu pafupifupi makumi anayi okha. Pakati pawo, Indian, crested cormorant, great, small variegated cormorant, Bering, Galapagos, long-eared cormorant ndi ena amadziwika. Tiyeni tione zina mwa izo mwatsatanetsatane.
Mwachitsanzo, Indian cormorant, ndi imodzi mwazamoyo zazing'ono kwambiri. Amakhala pachilumba cha Indochina, pafupifupi. Sri Lanka komanso kwawo ndi India, Pakistan, ndi zina. Zimadyetsa nsomba. Kuti ipeze chakudya chokha, imadumphadumpha mwaluso komanso mwaluso, ndikuthamangitsa nyama pansi pamadzi.
Cormorant wamkulu ndi mbalame yakuda yayikulu, kutalika kwake, pafupifupi masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndi mlomo wokongola, wonyezimira wautali masentimita asanu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi. Cormorant yotsogola ndiyabwino pamadzi ndikusambira mwaluso.
Koma samauluka bwino kwambiri. Ndegeyo ikuwoneka yolemetsa ndipo siyikhala nthawi yayitali. Zakudya, monga cormorants ena, nsomba. Amakonda kuigwira pafupi ndi pansi. Chifukwa chake kunyanja yakutali, pomwe pali zigawo zochititsa chidwi zamadzi ndipo pansi pake ndi "otsika kwambiri", simudzaupeza.
Cormorant wamkulu (aka - cormorant Nyanja Yakuda, monga ena amadzitchulira, pokhudzana ndi malo amodzi a mbalamezi) amasangalala kukhala pamalo athanthwe. Mbalame zimakonda kusangalala pagulu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakumana palimodzi mokwanira.
Cormorants amtunduwu amakonda kusaka limodzi, kupeza nsomba m'nyanja, kenako "kuyendetsa" kumadera osaya. Khalidwe la makolo la mbalame ndilosangalatsa: oimira amuna ndi akazi onse amasamalira kutulutsa mazira: akazi ndi amuna!
Ndi zachilendo kuganiza kuti mu chisa cha mazira otentha m'malo mwa "amayi" atha kukhala kwakanthawi "abambo-cormorant". Komabe, izi ndi zomwe zimachitika. Mmodzi mwa oimira apadera kwambiri a cormorant ndi wamabere oyera cormorant... Nthenga za m'mawere ndizopepuka, zoyera kapena zotuwa. Mbalameyi imatchedwa imodzi mwazamoyo zosowa kwambiri.
Mbalame yayikulu ya Bering cormorant ndi mbalame "yakuda yachitsulo" yokhala ndi mutu wopindika wokhala ndi nthenga zazitali. Lives in Kamchatka, Chukotka, North America ndi malo ena. Imathamanga bwino, ngakhale pamtunda wautali (imapita kukatsegula madzi am'nyanja ya nsomba), koma imawoneka ngati yopanda nthaka.
Cormorant ya Galapagos ndi yapadera pakati pawo. Mosiyana ndi ena, siuluka chifukwa cha mapiko ake ofupikitsa! Chimawoneka ngati bakha. Ngakhale anali ndi "zovuta" potengera luso lotha kuyendetsa ndege, a Galapagos cormorant amasambira mwangwiro.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Cormorant ndimatsatira moyo wokangalika masana. Kodi masana ndi gawo lanji la moyo wawo? Ambiri a tsiku langa cormorant mbalame ali pafupi ndi madzi kapena pamwamba pake, kufunafuna chakudya cha banja lake ndi lake.
Pakusodza, amawonetsa kuthamanga, zomwe sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa apo ayi kugwira kumakhala kochepa kapena sikukadakhala konse. Komabe, ndizosatheka kuti tisatsimikizire kuthamanga kwake komanso kusunthika kwake m'malo amadzi - mbalameyi ndiyofunika kuyisilira.
Mitundu ina yamtunduwu imathawa kupita kumadera ofunda nthawi yachisanu, ambiri aiwo. Gawo laling'ono limatsalira m'malo awo obadwira, amakhala moyo wongokhala. Mbalame zina zimaphatikiza zonse ziwirizi, zimakhala nthawi imodzi zongokhala komanso zosamukira kwina. Mwachitsanzo, cormorant wokhala ndi nkhope yofiira.
Ponena za mawonekedwe a cormorants, ndikufuna kutsindikanso kuti ndi mbalame zokonda kucheza. Amakonda kukhazikika ndikukhazikika m'malo okhala ndi "makampani" akulu. Nthawi zina "gulu lomwe lili pathanthwe" limangokhala oimira cormorant okha. Nthawi zina, mbalame zina zimapezekanso pamenepo, mwachitsanzo, seagulls, popanda zomwe, mwina, ndizovuta kulingalira gombe lililonse.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti chithunzi cha cormorant chidapezeka pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zaluso, chikhalidwe, ndi zina. Mwachitsanzo, masitampu otumizira, mapositi kadi, ma envulopu. Zovala zokhala ndi chithunzi cha cormorant zimawoneka zodabwitsa komanso zachilendo: T-shirts, madiresi, ndi zina zambiri.
Zakudya zabwino
Za chakudya cha cormorants tafotokozapo pamwambapa, tiyeni tiwone bwino nkhaniyi. Gawo lalikulu la chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi nsomba zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono. Mbalame za banja lino zimalandira sardine, hering'i, osakana capelin ndi ena.
Ngakhale kuti cormorants amadya nsomba, si chakudya chokha cha banja. Amatha kudya nyama zakutchire, nyenyezi zam'madzi, ndi zina. Ena amadya ngakhale achule ndi njoka, akamba, tizilombo.
Koma kubwerera ku nsomba. Pambuyo posaka nsomba, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimachitika ndikudumphira pansi pamadzi, cormorants amakhala kwakanthawi kumtunda: pagombe, miyala kapena miyala, kuti mapiko awo aziuma.
Cormorant nthawi zambiri imatha kuwona ili, motero mbalameyo imaumitsa nthenga
Poganizira momwe mbalame zimadyera makamaka, zotsatirazi zitha kudziwika. Zazikulu cormorantMwachitsanzo, imadumphira m'madzi osapitilira mamita anayi. Ulendo wandege, womwe "amasankha" kuti apeze chakudya m'nyanja, sichidutsa pafupifupi ma kilomita makumi asanu, akawonedwa kuchokera kumtunda.
Nsombazo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa ndi cormorants, zimakhala pafupifupi masentimita makumi angapo kutalika. Mbalame zimasaka ntchentche, poyamba zimakhazikika pamwamba pa madzi ndikuyang'anitsitsa kusaka. Kenako amapanga mzere wakuthwa pansi. Amenya nsombazo m'mbali mwake, amazigwira ndi mlomo, kenako ndikuzichotsa m'madzi.
Chinsinsi cormorant, kuyerekezera, amatha kumira m'madzi pa nyama yolakalakayo kuposa yakuya! Cormorant yotchedwa crested cormorant (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti cormorant yamphongo yayitali) imatha kuyenda pansi pamadzi mita 40, kapena kupitilira apo.
Amadya gobies, cod, eels, hering'i, ndi zina - kutengera komwe akukhala. Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, samakonda chilichonse, pokhapokha, ngati atakhala, amatha kumvetsera nkhanu kapena nkhono.
Ma cormorants okhala ndi makutu ataliatali ndi okhawo omwe sangatsutse kuti apindule ndi amphibian kapena crustaceans. Amatha kudya tizilombo. Komabe, mtundu wosankhidwa wa chakudya, pambuyo pake, inde, udatsalira iwo ndendende nsomba. Pazakudya, amasankha malo osazama, mpaka mamita asanu ndi atatu, madera. Samafuna kupitirira nyanja kupitirira makilomita asanu.
Kubereka
A cormorants akukonzekera kukonzanso bwino banja. Zisa zimakonzedwa bwino, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nthambi, ndi zina zambiri. Chisa cormorant Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka munthambi za mitengo, koma nthawi zina zimapezeka m'mabango komanso m'malo ena.
Anapiye m'mazira amakula ndikukula masiku pafupifupi makumi awiri mpaka makumi atatu. Poganizira kuti cormorant wamkazi amaikira mazira onse nthawi imodzi, komanso, ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake mbalame, "zatsopano" zomwe zimakhala zosalala, zopanda nthenga, komanso zopanda chitetezo, ndizosiyana kukula kwake!
Ponena za kuswana kwa cormorants makamaka, tiyeni tichite chitsanzo ndi Indian cormorant. Mbalameyi nthawi zambiri imaikira mazira atatu, anayi kapena kupitilira apo (chiwerengerocho chimatha kufika sikisi). Anapiye amabadwa amaliseche, opanda nthenga. Pambuyo pake, pansi pamamera, kenako nthenga zimawonekera.
Ma cormorants a Bering amasankha malo otetezera, obisika kwa zokuzira, monga zing'alu ndi ming'alu yamiyala, ndi ena. Zisa ndi zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Imaikira mazira, mwalamulo, atatu kapena anayi, koma pali milandu ina, yocheperako pomwe pamakhala zowerengera zingapo: zochepa, zochulukirapo.
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zamoyo zam'madzi zaku India, anawo amabadwa opanda nthenga zilizonse, ngakhale fluff. Pokhapokha, patapita kanthawi, ndi pomwe ana amakhala ndi "zovala" zoyambirira zaimvi.
Utali wamoyo
Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo wa cormorants imatha kusiyanasiyana. Pafupifupi, kuthengo, ma cormorant amatha kukhala zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu kapena kupitirirapo. Nthawi yomweyo, ngati titenga mtundu wina wa cormorants, mwachitsanzo, cormorant wa eared, amakhala pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mwachilengedwe.
Chikhalidwe chosangalatsa chokhudza mbalame yakuthengo
Masiku ano, cormorants ena amadziwika kuti amakhala kumalo osungira nyama. Iyi ndi imodzi mwamitundu yolumikizirana pakati pa cormorant wamakono ndi munthu. M'mbuyomu, ma cormorant anali "kulumikizana" ndi anthu. Pomwepo ndi pomwe "kulumikizana" kumawoneka mosiyana.
Zimanenedwa kuti m'masiku akale kunali mwambo ngati usodzi ndi cormorants. Njirayi idakhazikitsidwa kale kwambiri, zaka zake ndizoposa zaka chikwi. Njirayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko monga China ndi Japan, komanso m'maiko aku Europe.
Kodi nsomba zazikuluzikulu zinali zotani nthawi zonse? Cormorant, kuyambira kale kudziwika ndi ukatswiri wake wosodza, samapha nsomba za iye yekha, koma za anthu! Munthu waphunzira "kugwiritsa ntchito" luso lake kuti apindule. Izi zidachitika motere.
Mbalameyi idawetedwa kwakanthawi (pafupifupi masiku khumi ndi anayi). Tiyenera kudziwa kuti njirayi inali yopindulitsa kwambiri, a cormorants adazolowera "munthu wawo", kenako "mgwirizano" udayamba.
Mbalameyi inamasulidwa pamwamba pamadzi, idayamba kusaka. Nditasambira, ndinasambira ndi nyamayo. Koma chinali chinthu chimodzi kugwira nsomba, komanso china chowonetsetsa kuti mbalameyo sinadye nthawi yomweyo.
Pachifukwa ichi, njira idapangidwa: mphete yapadera idayikidwa pakhosi la cormorant. Mbalameyi imatha kuyenda, kuuluka, kusambira, inde, kupuma ngakhale kumwa. Chinthu chimodzi: nthenga sinathe kutenga chakudya. Nsomba zomwe zinagwidwa sizinadutse "pakhosi". Koma nchiyani chomwe chinali chovuta kutafuna nyamayo ndikuyimeza pang'onopang'ono? - Yankho lake ndi losavuta: cormorants satero, amadya nsomba zonse.
Komabe, nthawi ndi nthawi mbalamezo zinkalandira "gawo lawo", chifukwa zimatha kumeza nsomba zazing'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti alimbikitse ndi "mzimu womenya nkhondo" wamzake wamapiko, asodziwo adapatsanso mbalameyo tinsomba tating'onoting'ono, potero akukwaniritsa "gawo logwirizana"
Cormorants mu slang
M'mbuyomu, ma cormorant amatchedwa akuba osadziwa zambiri, tsopano mawuwa achoka pamutu wopapatiza "akuba" kupita kumalo ogwiritsidwira ntchito, kuyamba kutanthauza munthu wamalingaliro, wovuta. Yemwe samayankha mawu, amene ali ndi mphepo m'mutu mwake, amangolankhula m'malingaliro mwake. Mwachidule, winawake amakhala "wopanda pake", wopusa.
Mosiyana ndi chithunzi cholakwika ichi, chenicheni cormorant, yomwe ndi mbalame, m'malo mwake, monga zikuwonekera kale kuchokera pamwambapa, imasiyanitsidwa ndi ukadaulo wapadera komanso kuthekera. Banja la cormorants ndi losiyanasiyana, ndipo mtundu uliwonse uli ndi china chake, payekha. Mbali yapadera, mawonekedwe, luso - m'mawu amodzi, zomwe zimamupangitsa kukhala wapadera pamtundu wake.
Ndikotheka kuwerengera mitundu ndi mayina kwa nthawi yayitali, kuphunzira za "gawo" ili la ornithology kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kothandiza. Zimangodabwitsidwa ndi kudabwitsa kwachilengedwe chozungulira, chamoyo, chomwe chidapangidwa mosiyanasiyana ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, chapadera.
