Merino Ndi mtundu wa nkhosa, kuchuluka kwake kwakukulu kumakhala ku Australia. Kunja, sizimasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nkhosa. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kumagona paubweya waubweya, womwe muubweya wa merino umakhala ndi ulusi dazeni ndipo ndi wofewa modabwitsa. Ubweya wamtunduwu wamtundu wa nkhosa umakonda kwambiri m'maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Merino
Nkhosa ndi nyama zabwino, zotchedwa mammals, artiodactyl order, banja la bovine, ram ramus, mitundu ya merino. Mtundu wa nkhosa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zakale kwambiri masiku ano. Mbiri ya mawonekedwe ake idabwerera zaka mazana ambiri. Malongosoledwe oyamba amtunduwu adayamba pafupifupi zaka zikwi ziwiri zapitazo. Dziko lakwawo la makolo akale a oimira amakono amtunduwu ndi gawo la North Africa ndi Asia Minor.
Kanema: Merino
Pakulanda malo atsopano ndi Aarabu, nkhosazo zidatengedwa kupita kudera la Iberia. Apa ndipomwe anthu amderali adayamba kuweta kuti apeze ubweya wabwino kwambiri. Munthawi yazaka za 12-16, Spain ndiye dera loyambirira kuswana nyama, zoweta. Ndi dziko lino lomwe limagulitsa ubweya wofewa komanso wapamwamba kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Munali munthawi kuyambira zaka za zana la 12 mpaka 16th pomwe nkhosa zamtunduwu zidabadwira ku Spain kokha. Zinali zoletsedwa kuzitumiza kumayiko ena. Kulephera kutsatira lamuloli ndiye chifukwa chokhazikitsira chilango kwa munthu wophedwa.
Mu 1723, akuluakulu aku Spain pamilandu yamalamulo adachotsa chiletso chotumiza kunja nyama za merino kunja kwa dziko lawo. Pambuyo pake, nyamazo zinabweretsedwa kudera la Sweden, kenako ku France kwamakono. Mu 1788, nyama izi zidabwera ku Australia. Dera lililonse lomwe nkhosazi zimasungidwa ndikuweta ziweto zambiri zimayesetsa kukonza mtunduwu, kukonza nyama kapena mawonekedwe aubweya. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa subspecies kudawonekera. Lero, merino ndi mtundu womwe umagwirizanitsa ma subspecies angapo a nkhosa. Komabe, onse ali ndi mawonekedwe akunja wamba.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi merino imawoneka bwanji
Nyama ili ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka kwenikweni. Zimakumbutsa aliyense za nkhosa zodziwika bwino zoweta. Mwamaonekedwe, nyamazo zimawoneka ngati zazing'ono, zamphamvu komanso zamiyendo yayifupi. Thupi lonse la nyama limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda, lalitali. Ili ngati mafunde, kapena ngakhale makutu. Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha ubweya, zimakhala zovuta kuwona nkhope ya nyama. Kulemera kwa thupi la mkazi mmodzi wamkulu ndi makilogalamu 40-50, wamwamuna wamkulu wamkulu ndi 90-110 kilogalamu. Mwa anthu amtunduwu, monga ena onse, mawonekedwe azakugonana amawonetsedwa. Izi zimawonetsedwa osati kokha mu kukula ndi kukula kwa thupi. Amuna ali ndi nyanga zazitali, zamphamvu zomwe zimakhala zozungulira. Mtundu wa zovala ukhoza kukhala wosiyanasiyana ndipo zimadalira subspecies.
Kodi utoto waubweya umatha kukhala oimira nkhosa zamtundu uwu:
- zoyera;
- wamwamuna;
- yoyera ndi chikasu chachikasu;
- beige;
- yoyera ndi utoto wakuda;
- kulocha bulauni.
Tsitsi la nyama limapitilizabe kukula m'moyo wonse. Utali waubweya womwe ukulimbikitsidwa kuti udulidwe ndi 9-10 masentimita.
Kutengera ma subspecies, mawonekedwe a merino amagawika m'magulu atatu akulu:
- chabwino. Osasiyana pamiyeso yayikulu kwambiri. Palibenso zopindika pathupi lawo;
- sing'anga. Amakhala apakatikati ndipo amakhala ndi khola 2-3 pa thunthu;
- wamphamvu. Amadziwika ndi thupi lalikulu kwambiri, lalikulu komanso lokwanira.
Kodi merino amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Merino yaku Australia
Dziko lakwawo la merino limawerengedwa kuti Australia. Komabe, nyama zidayamba kuweta mwachangu ndipo zimafalikira pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Minda yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imafalitsa nkhosa m'mafakitale ili m'dera la Volga, Urals, Siberia, ndi zigawo zapakati pa Russian Federation.
Pakuswana nkhosa kunyumba, chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti pakhale nyengo yabwino kuzinyama. Amafunikira kukhetsa mosalephera. Iyenera kukhala yowuma ndi yotentha. Onetsetsani kuti palibe zojambula. Chifukwa choti nyama zimanjenjemera ndikuopa malo okhala, kutalika kwazitali ziyenera kukhala osachepera mita ziwiri. Dera la nkhokwe limatsimikizika pamlingo wa 1.5-2 mita mita pamunthu. M'nyengo yotentha, nkhokwe sayenera kukhala yodzaza, m'nyengo yozizira sikuyenera kuzizira.
Ndibwino ngati nkhokwe ili ndi khonde. Ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kutulutsa mpweya wabwino. Kutentha kokwanira kwambiri kosunga nyama kumachokera madigiri 6 mpaka 13. Mowawo uyenera kulumikizidwa ndi khola, malo ake amakhala pafupifupi kawiri malo okhetsedwawo. Makapu akumwa ndi odyetsa ayenera kupezeka. Kufikira madzi kumafunika nthawi zonse.
Kodi merino amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Merino Nkhosa
Ma Merino ndi odyetsa nyama. M'miyezi yotentha, chakudya chambiri chimakhala udzu wobiriwira kumene, womwe nyama zimadya zikamadya. Obereketsa amtundu uwu ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti atha kukhala ndi nthawi yokwanira m'malo odyetserako ziweto wobiriwira wobiriwira. Pambuyo pochulukitsa msipu, madzi ayenera kuperekedwa kuti athetse ludzu la nyama. Pafupifupi, wamkulu m'modzi amafunikira madzi okwanira malita 15-20 patsiku. Woweta ziweto ayenera kukumbukira kuti ndikofunikira kupita nawo kumalo odyetserako ziweto zikauma bwino. Kupanda kutero, nyama zimatha kunyowa ndikumazizira. Ngati chilimwe chimatentha kwambiri ndipo kutentha kumakwera, ndikofunikira kuyendetsa ziwetozo m khola kuti zizibisalira kutentha kotentha nthawi yopuma. Pakatha maola asanu, mutha kutumiza ziwetozo kuti zizikadyako. Pofika nyengo yozizira, m'pofunika kusamalira chakudya chathunthu komanso chosiyanasiyana.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati chakudya cha merino:
- phala;
- udzu;
- nthambi;
- chakudya chamagulu;
- masamba;
- mtola;
- balere.
Omwe amapanga ma Merino ayenera kusamala kwambiri pakupanga udzu. Amakololedwa bwino m'malo athyathyathya, osati m'nkhalango kapena m'madambo. Udzu wokololedwa m'nkhalango kapena m'madambo mulibe zakudya zokwanira. Zidzakhala zopanda ntchito kwa nkhosa. Kuti nyamayo isadwale ndipo ili ndi ubweya wabwino kwambiri, m'pofunika kuwonjezera mavitamini ndi mchere pachakudyacho ngati zowonjezera kapena zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi okonzeka. M'chilimwe, kuwonjezera pa zitsamba zatsopano, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera choko, mbatata ndi mchere wamiyala pazakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa nyama pafupifupi 2-4 pa tsiku. Merino amakonda kwambiri kubaloti kaloti ndi maapulo atsopano owutsa mudyo.
Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe mungadyetse merino. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zinthu zilili kuti ziswane bwino.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Merino ku Russia
Merino ndi nyama zoweta zomwe zimakhala mdera. M'malo awo okhala, amakhalanso ngati gulu. Chiwerengero cha magulu oterewa chimafika kuchokera pa anthu 15 mpaka 30. Ndi m'malo otere pomwe nyama zimamva kuti ndizotetezedwa. Akatswiri a Zoologists atsimikiza kuti ngati munthu m'modzi apatukana ndi gulu lonselo, amalandira kupsinjika kwakukulu, komwe kudzaonekera ngati kusowa kwa njala, kuchepa kwamagalimoto, ndi zina zambiri.
Asanakhale woweta ziweto kunyumba, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe amakhalira. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu za mtundu uwu wa nyama ndizouma khosi, manyazi komanso kupusa kwina. Nkhosa za mtunduwu, zomwe zimasungidwa m'malo opangira, zimatha kusonkhana m'magulu akulu ndikutsatirana, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zazikulu mukakhala kubusa.
Akatswiri a zoologists amati nkhosa zamtunduwu zimakhala zamanyazi kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi ma phobias ambiri. Amawopa kwambiri phokoso lalikulu, kukuwa, kugogoda. Amadziwika ndi mantha amdima komanso malo ochepa. Gulu la nkhosa likawopsezedwa, gulu lonse la nkhosa limatha kuthamangathamanga kwambiri, pagulu lalikulu pamakhala mtsogoleri. Ichi ndi chachimuna chachikulu kwambiri. Pofuna kupewa kubalalitsa nkhosa mosaloledwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'anira nkhosa zofunika kwambiri komanso zazikulu. Merino amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zolimba ndipo amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Merino Cub
Merino ndi nyama zachonde kwambiri. Nthawi yakutha msinkhu mwa akazi imachitika ali ndi chaka chimodzi. Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nthawi yokwatirana imachitika nyengo yachilimwe. Kunyumba, woweta nkhosa amasankha yekha munthawi iti kuti abweretse amuna ndi akazi. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndikutha kwa nyengo yozizira komanso masiku oyambilira a masika.
Zikatere, ana akhanda omwe abadwa kumene sawopsezedwa ndi kuzizira. Amuna achikazi a Merino nthawi zambiri samavomereza zamphongo zoperekedwa ndi woweta. Ngati, pamsonkhano woyamba, mkaziyo samadutsa pamalowo, nyama zamtundu wina zimabweretsedwanso patatha milungu ingapo. Ngati kuyesaku kulephera, sizothandiza kusakaniza.
Zikakhala kuti zinali zotheka kubweretsa nkhosazo, mimba imachitika. Amakhala pafupifupi masabata 21-22. Munthawi imeneyi, mayi wapakati amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera komanso chakudya chamagulu. Mzimayi wamkulu wokhwima pogonana amatha kubereka nthawi imodzi kuchokera kwa mwanawankhosa mmodzi mpaka atatu. Mphindi 20 atabadwa, makanda obadwa kale amafuna mkaka wa m'mawere ndikuyamwa mosangalala. Amakhala olimba ndipo amapeza mphamvu msanga. Ana ankhosa amadya mkaka wa amayi m'miyezi iwiri kapena iwiri yoyambirira.
Pambuyo pake, amayamba kudya pang'onopang'ono zakudya zamasamba zomwe akuluakulu amadya. Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, amakhala okonzeka kukhala moyo wawokha, wodziyimira pawokha, ndipo pakutha msinkhu, amakhala atasiyana kwathunthu ndi makolo awo. Achinyamata ali okonzeka kukwatirana ndi kubereka ana, komanso okalamba. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka pafupifupi 7. Zamasamba ena amakhala pafupifupi zaka 12-15.
Adani achilengedwe a merino
Chithunzi: Kodi merino imawoneka bwanji
Nyama zamamerino zikakhala mwachilengedwe, zimakhala ndi adani angapo. Ngozi yaikulu kwa nyama imayimiridwa ndi ng'ona zazikulu zamchere, zomwe zimaukira nyama nthawi yakumwa. Kuphatikiza pa ng'ona, nkhosa nthawi zambiri zimasakidwa ndi agalu amtchire aku Australia, Dingoes, komanso nkhandwe ndi amphaka amtchire.
Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti nyama ndizovuta komanso zimadwala matenda ena. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kufa mosavuta ndi nkhawa ya mapira chifukwa adachoka pagulu. Amasiya kudya, kusuntha pang'ono, chifukwa chake amafa chifukwa chotopa. Nyama zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chinyezi. Zikatero, nthawi zambiri amadwala chibayo. Nkhosa zimayamba kutsokomola, zimasiya kudya, zimavutika kupuma komanso kutentha kwa thupi kumakwera. Matendawa akapanda kupezeka munthawi yake ndipo chithandizo sichinayambike, chinyama chimafa. Ndikofunikanso kusamalira ziboda za nyama, kuziyeretsa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti zisawonongeke.
Woweta merino aliyense ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndikofunikira kupatsa ziweto mankhwala amadzi, pomwe amatha kuyeretsa malaya ndikuchotsa majeremusi. Nthawi zambiri mukamadyetsa ziweto, nyama zimatha kudya zomera zakupha, zosadya. Zikatere, nyamayo imatha kufa patangopita maola ochepa. Chifukwa china chakufa kwa nkhosa ndi chisamaliro chosayenera, kusadya bwino, zakudya zosayenera. Izi zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa vitamini, matenda am'mimba.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Merino Nkhosa
Masiku ano, nyama za merino zimafalitsidwa kwambiri ngati ziweto m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kubereka kwakukulu komanso kukhwima koyambirira kwa kugonana. Anthu alibe zovuta pakukula kwa anthu. M'malo mwake, amapanga minda m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi ndipo amaweta ziwetozo kumeneko mafakitale. M'madera ambiri, amapangidwa kuti apange ubweya wapamwamba kwambiri. Ndi ubweya wamtunduwu womwe ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Chosangalatsa: Kugula kwakukulu kwambiri komanso kotchipa kwambiri kwa ubweya wa merino kunapangidwa mu 2006 ndi imodzi mwanyumba zamafashoni. Kenako pafupifupi makilogalamu 100 a ubweya adagulidwa pa 420,000 USD.
Ubweya wodabwitsa uwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira zinthu zokongoletsera, zovala, ndi kapeti. Mwachilengedwe, ubweya wa nyama izi uli ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri: imathandizira kutentha m'nyengo yozizira komanso kuteteza kutentha kwanyengo m'chilimwe. Amadziwika kuti ndi hypoallergenic komanso hygroscopic zopangira. Ubwino ndikuti kuchokera pa kilogalamu imodzi ya ubweya wa merino, mutha kupeza zopangira katatu kuposa ubweya wa mbuzi. Chofunikanso kwambiri ndikutheketsa kuchotsa chinyezi, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ziweto ziume mvula ikakhala chinyezi, chinyezi kapena mvula. Momwemonso, munthu amene wavala zovala zopangidwa ndi ubweyawu amatetezedwa ku chinyezi.
Merino Ndi mtundu wodabwitsa wa nkhosa, womwe ubweya wake umakhala wofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Amakhala odzichepetsa kumakhalidwe abwino komanso sawonjezeranso thanzi. Wamkulu aliyense amatulutsa makilogalamu 7 mpaka 15 a ubweya pachaka.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 26.07.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/29/2019 ku 21:10
