Mwezi wa nsomba - imodzi mwa nsomba zosaphunzira kwambiri panyanja yapadziko lonse. Ngakhale kuti imakopa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe ake, zimakhalabe chinsinsi kwa ofufuza zamakhalidwe ndi machitidwe. Pakadali pano, zochepa zimadziwika za iye, ndipo makamaka izi ndizongowona chabe za machitidwe ake komanso moyo wake. Komabe, pali nsomba zomwe zimagwira nsomba.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Mwezi wa nsomba
Nsombazi zidadziwika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo, ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a mwezi. Ndi membala wa dongosolo lafishfish ndipo ali ndi mano ndi khungu lokutira lofananira, momwe kulibe mbali yakunja yamitsempha. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba zakupha za poizoni zimakhala za dongosololi, koma puffer ili m'manja mwa nsomba za agalu, ndipo mwezi umakhala m'munsi mwa nsomba zamwezi.
Dongosolo la nsomba zotumphuka nthawi zambiri limakhala lachilendo. Nsombazi zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe osasintha a thupi monga mpira ndi sikweya. Nsomba zamtunduwu zimasinthasintha kutentha kwa madzi ndipo zimakhala pafupifupi m'nyanja zonse.
Kanema: Mwezi wa nsomba
Dzina lina, dzina lachilatini la nsomba iyi ndi mola mola, lomwe limatanthauza "mphero", i.e. chipangizo chozungulira chotenthetsera tirigu. Nsombazi zimatchedwanso "dzuwa nsomba" chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ozungulira. Ku Germany, nsombazi zimatchedwa "mutu wa nsomba" chifukwa cha momwe zimakhalira.
Anthu aku Britain amatcha nsombayo mwezi kuti "Ocean sunfish" komanso chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a bwalolo ndi zochitika zotsatirazi: nsombayi imakonda kusamba dzuwa, ikuyandama pamwamba pamadzi ndikukhala pamenepo kwa nthawi yayitali. M'malo mwake, khalidweli limathandizidwa ndi sayansi, popeza nkhono zimachiritsa nsomba - zimachotsa tiziromboti pansi pa khungu lake ndi milomo yake.
Nsomba yamwezi ndi nsomba yayikulu kwambiri yamfupa, chifukwa kulemera kwake kumatha kusiyanasiyana ndi tani kapena awiri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba Yachilendo ya mwezi
Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwa cholengedwa ichi kumakhala kutalika kwa 2.5 m, pafupifupi 2 mita m'litali (nsomba yayikulu imakula mpaka 4 ndi 3 m).
Thupi la nsomba zam'mwezi limakhala lathyathyathya m'mbali mwake ndipo limakhala lalitali, zomwe zimapangitsa mawonekedwe ake kukhala achilendo kwambiri. Thupi lake lingafanane ndi mawonekedwe a disc - ndege yayikulu. Amadziwikanso ndi kusapezeka kwathunthu kwa mphalapala chifukwa cha mafupa osatukuka a lamba wamchiuno. Koma nsombayo imadzitama ndi "mchira-wachinyengo", womwe umapangidwa ndi zipsepse zakuthambo ndi m'chiuno zomwe zimasunthira limodzi. Chifukwa cha tizilomboti tomwe timagawanika, mchirawu umathandiza nsomba kuyenda m'madzi.
Chosangalatsa: mu 1966, nsomba ya mwezi wachikazi idagwidwa, yomwe imalemera 2300 kg. Nsomba iyi inalowa mu Guinness Book of Records.
Nsomba ya mwezi ilibe mitsempha yakunja, ndipo mitsempha yake imawoneka ngati mabowo awiri ovunda. Chifukwa cha kusatekeseka kumeneku, nthawi zambiri amakhala mgulu la tiziromboti kapena nsomba zamatenda. Ili ndi maso ang'ono ndi kamwa pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisakhale zovulaza m'nyanja zambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: nsomba zamwezi sizingokhala zolemera zokha pakati pa nsomba zamathambo, komanso msana wachidule kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa thupi: ma vertebrae 16-18 okha. Chifukwa chake, ubongo wake ndi wautali kuposa msana.
Nsombayi ilibe chikhodzodzo chosambira komanso mzere wotsatira, chifukwa chake nsomba zimazindikira ngozi. Izi ndichifukwa choti nsombayi ilibe adani achilengedwe m'malo mwake.
Nsombazi ndizocheperako ndipo khungu lake lolimba limakutidwa ndi mamina oteteza. Komabe, mwa achikulire, kutuluka kwamathambo ang'onoang'ono kumawoneka, komwe kumawerengedwa kuti ndi "zotsalira" zamiyeso. Sili yokongola - imvi ndi bulauni; koma m'malo ena nsomba zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owala. Zikakhala zoopsa, nsomba zamwezi zimasintha mtundu nkukhala wakuda, zomwe zimapereka mawonekedwe owopsa munyama.
Kodi nsomba za mwezi zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Moonfish
Nsomba zamwezi zimakonda kukhala m'madzi ofunda am'nyanja zilizonse, monga:
- Pacific East, yomwe ndi Canada, Peru ndi Chile;
- Nyanja ya Indian. Nsomba zamwezi zimapezeka mmbali zonse za nyanjayi, kuphatikiza Nyanja Yofiira;
- Madzi a Russia, Japan, Australia;
- Nthawi zina nsomba zimasambira m'nyanja ya Baltic;
- Kum'mawa kwa Atlantic (Scandinavia, South Africa);
- West Atlantic. Kuno nsomba ndizosowa, zimawonekera kumwera kwa Argentina kapena ku Caribbean.
Kutentha kwamadzi, kumachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi. Mwachitsanzo, kumadzulo kwa Atlantic Ocean kunyanja, pali anthu pafupifupi 18,000 osapitilira mita imodzi kukula. Malo okhawo omwe mwezi wa nsomba sukhala ndi Nyanja ya Arctic.
Nsomba zimatha kutsika mpaka kufika mamita 850. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamtunda wa mamita 200, kuchokera pomwe zimayandama mpaka pamwamba. Nthawi zambiri nsomba zomwe zidatuluka zimakhala zofooka komanso zanjala ndipo zimafa msanga. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwamadzi sikuyenera kutsika madigiri 11 Celsius, chifukwa izi zitha kupha nsomba.
Chosangalatsa: Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba zimayandama pamwamba pamadzi osati kuti adziyeretse okha majeremusi, komanso kuti azitha kutentha thupi asadalowe m'madzi.
Kodi nsomba za mwezi zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mwezi wa nsomba zazikulu
Zakudya za nsomba za mwezi zimatengera malo ake. Chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chofewa, ngakhale panali zovuta kuti nsomba zoterezi zimadya nkhanu ndi chitini cholimba.
Nthawi zambiri nsomba zamwezi zimadya:
- Plankton;
- Mitundu;
- Zisa;
- Nsomba;
- Eels ndi eel mphutsi;
- Nyanja yayikulu;
- Masiponji;
- Nyamayi yaying'ono. Nthawi zina nkhondo imachitika pakati pa nsomba ndi nyamayi, momwe nsomba, chifukwa chakuwongolera kwake pang'ono, imatha kubwerera;
- Nsomba zazing'ono. Amakonda kupezeka pamwamba kapena pafupi ndi miyala yamchere;
- Algae. Osati njira yopatsa thanzi kwambiri, chifukwa chake nsomba zimazidya pakafunika kutero.
Zakudya zamitundumitundu zotere zomwe zimapezeka m'mimba mwa nsomba zikusonyeza kuti mwezi umadyetsa m'magulu osiyanasiyana amadzi: mozama komanso pamtunda. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya zam'mwezi ndizodzola, koma zimakhala zosakwanira ndikukula msanga kwa nsomba.
Nsombazi sizikhala ndi kayendedwe kabwino ndipo sizingathe kutsata nyama zomwe zikufuna. Chifukwa chake, pakamwa pawo amasinthidwa kuyamwa mumtsinje waukulu wam'madzi momwe chakudya chimalowamo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mwezi waukulu wa nsomba
Nsomba zimakhala moyo wokha, zikukakamira m'sukulu pokhapokha nyengo yoswana. Komabe, pali nsomba zomwe zimasambira awiriawiri kwa nthawi yayitali kapena ngakhale moyo wawo wonse. Kusukulu, nsomba zimasochera pokhapokha ngati nsomba zochulukirapo kapena zochuluka zapezeka.
Nsombazi zimathera nthawi yayitali mwakuya, nthawi zina zimayandama pamwamba kuti ziwothe thupi ndikutsuka ku tiziromboti. Ikayandama pamwamba, siyiyandama mozungulira, monga zimakhalira, koma mozungulira. Chifukwa chake gawo la thupi lake limalola kuti seagull zigwere ndikuyamba kulandira tiziromboti pansi pa khungu lakuda.
Mosiyana ndi nsomba zambiri, zipsepse za nsomba za mwezi sizimayendayenda. Mfundo ya ntchito yawo ndiyofanana ndi opalasa: nsombazo zimayenda m'madzi nawo ndipo zimayenda pang'onopang'ono. Koma mwachangu mwa nsombazi amayenda ndi zipsepse zawo zomwe sizinapangidwe ngati nsomba wamba: kumanzere ndi kumanja.
Poyerekeza ndi nsomba zambiri, nsomba zamwezi zimasambira pang'onopang'ono. Maulendo othamanga kwambiri ndi pafupifupi 3 km / h, koma nsomba zimayenda mtunda wautali: mpaka 26 km patsiku. Izi ndichifukwa choti mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a nsomba amakulolani kuti mupeze mafunde omwe amathamangitsa kuyenda kwake.
Mwachilengedwe, nsombazi ndizosokonekera. Siziwonetsa kuchitira nkhanza mitundu yamoyo ndipo zilibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu. Ngakhale kukula kwake kwakukulu, nsomba za mwezi zimaloleza osambira osiyanasiyana kusambira pafupi nawo. Pakachitika kuukira, nsomba za mwezi sizitha kulimbana nazo, chifukwa ilibe luso lokwanira, ndipo nsagwada zake sizimasinthidwa kuti zilumire zinthu zolimba.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nsomba zam'nyanja yamchere
Monga tanenera kale, mu nsomba za mwezi ndizambiri. Chifukwa chakuti mitundu iyi siyimaphunziridwa bwino, ndizovuta kunena motsimikiza za biology yobereka. Koma asayansi apeza kuti nsomba ya mwezi ndiyo nyama yochulukirapo kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Nyengo yakumasirana imagwa pafupifupi nthawi yachilimwe, pomwe nsomba zimakhala ndi mwayi wopita kumadzi osaya. Ichi ndi chochitika chosowa pomwe gulu la nsomba limawoneka. Chifukwa chakuti nsombazi zimakhala pamodzi pamalo ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zambiri zimamera pamalo amodzi. Apa ndipomwe udindo wa makolo wa nsomba zamwezi umathera.
Msodzi wamkulu amatayira mazira okwanira 300 miliyoni, pomwe mphutsi zimatuluka. Mphutsi zimakhala ndi mutu wa pini wa 2.5 mm, ndipo zimakhala ndi chipolopolo choteteza ngati kanema wonyezimira. M'malo mwa mbozi, nsomba za mwezi zimafanana ndi achibale awo, nsomba zotupa. Chowoneka chokha ndicho chitetezo cha mphutsi, chifukwa apo ayi sizitetezedwa ndi chilichonse kwa adani ndi chilengedwe chakunja chakunja.
Mazira a nsomba za mwezi amayikidwa kum'mwera kwa madzi a Atlantic, Indian ndi Pacific Ocean. M'malo awo achilengedwe, nsomba za mwezi zimakhala zaka 23, sizikhala zaka 27. Atagwidwa, nsomba zimakula msanga ndikufika kukula kwakukulu, koma moyo wawo umatsitsidwa mpaka zaka 10.
Adani achilengedwe a nsomba zamwezi
Chithunzi: Mwezi wa nsomba
Chifukwa chakuti nsomba ya mwezi imakhala makamaka m'madzi akuya, ilibe adani ambiri achilengedwe.
Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Mikango yam'nyanja. Nthawi zambiri chilombochi sichitha kuluma kudzera pakhungu lakuda la nsomba zamwezi. Amamugwira atakhala pamwamba ndikulumata zipsepse zake, ndikupangitsa kuti kusamuke kusunthike. Ngati kuyesayesa kuluma nsomba sikukuyenda bwino, mkango wam'nyanja umasiya nyamayi mderali, pambuyo pake nsombayo imamira ndikudyetsedwa ndi starfish.
- Ankhondo akupha. Ndi anamgumi okhawo omwe amadya nsomba omwe amaukira nsomba zamwezi, koma milandu ndiyosowa kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, mbalame za cetaceans sizikhala ndi chidwi ndi zamoyozi ndipo zimanyalanyaza. Ankhondo akupha omwe akuukira nsomba za mwezi anali ndi njala kapena okalamba kuti athe kusaka.
- Shark. Zilombozi zimakonda kupha nsomba zamwezi. Nsagwada za Shark zimatha kuluma kudzera pakhungu lakuda la nsomba popanda choletsa, ndipo zotsalazo zimapita kwa obisala m'madzi - zing'onoting'ono zazing'ono ndi starfish. Koma nthawi zambiri nsombazi sizimapezeka m'madzi akuya mwezi, chifukwa chake zoterezi sizimapezeka.
- Mdani wamkulu wa nsomba za mwezi ndi munthu. Osati kale kwambiri, kusodza kwa mtundu uwu kunali kotchuka kwambiri, ngakhale nsomba imenenso ili ndi phindu lochepa. Iwo adachipeza ngati chikho, popeza osati kalekale nsomba za mwezi zinali zodabwitsa komanso zosadziwika.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Big Moonfish
Ndikosavuta kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa nsomba zamwezi padziko lapansi. Ndi wachonde ndipo alibe pafupifupi adani achilengedwe, chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chodandaulira za kuchuluka kwa mitundu iyi. Kuwononga kwa m'nyanja ndi imodzi mwangozi zomwe zingawononge nsomba. Nthawi zambiri amayamwa zinyalala zapulasitiki ndi chakudya, chomwe chimatsekereza mayendedwe apandege ndikupangitsa kutsamwa.
Ngakhale kuti nsomba ya mwezi sichinthu choletsa, nthawi zina imagundana ndi mabwato kapena imadumphiramo, yomwe nthawi zina imabweretsa kuvulala ndi ngozi. Mikangano yotere ndiyofala.
Kusodza mwachangu kwa nsomba iyi kukuchitikabe. Nyama yawo siyabwino, yopatsa thanzi komanso yathanzi, koma imadziwika kuti ndi yabwino m'maiko akummawa. Ziwalo zonse za nsombazo zimadyedwa, kuphatikizapo ziwalo zamkati (zina zimapatsidwanso mankhwala). Mwezi wa nsomba akupitiliza kufufuzidwa ndi asayansi. Chofunikira pakadali pano ndikuphunzira njira zosamukira ndi mawonekedwe a kubereka.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 06.03.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 18.09.2019 pa 21:12
