Kodiak, kapena monga amatchedwanso chimbalangondo cha ku Alaska, ngakhale kuti ndi chachikulu kwambiri, sichiopseza anthu. Chimodzi mwa zolusa zazikulu za nthawi yathu ino. Imaimiridwa pachilumba chimodzi chokha pafupi ndi Alaska. Anthu ake ndi ochepera anthu 4000. Subpecies izi zikuopsezedwa chiwonongeko chotheratu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kodiak
Kodiak ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri ya nyama zodya nyama, banja la chimbalangondo, mtundu wa zimbalangondo. Ndi subspecies ya zimbalangondo zofiirira, chifukwa chake imagawana zofananira zambiri ndi abale ake. Kwa nthawi yayitali, asayansi amaganiza kuti wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa tax ndi grizzly. Komabe, atachita kafukufuku wama molekyulu, zidapezeka kuti ma Kodiaks ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira cha Kamchatka, chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri ku Eurasia.
Izi zidapangitsa kuganiza kuti makolo a Kodiaks adabwera pachilumba cha North America kuchokera ku Far East, monga anthu wamba. Zimbalangondo zinafika pachilumbachi pamene chilumbacho chinali cholumikizidwa ndi malo othamanga ndi kumtunda. Komabe, popita nthawi, malowa adasefukira, ndipo zimbalangondo zidatsalira pachilumbachi.
Kanema: Kodiak
Habitat - zilumba zazilumba za Kodiak ndi chilumba cha Kodiak chomwecho, chomwe chili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Alaska. Dzinalo la subspecies iyi "Kodiak" mwina limachokera ku dzina la chilumba chomwe chimakhala komanso komwe asayansi adapeza koyamba ma subspecies awa. Chimbalangondo chofiirira chidafika kuzilumba zazilumba za Kodiak kalekale. Komabe, idayamba kukhala subspecies yapadera zaka 12,000 zokha zapitazo. Pakusintha, mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, chimbalangondo ichi chidzafika kukula kwakukulu, ndikulola kukula kwa chimbalangondo.
Zinthu zomwe zakhudza kukula kwa chimbalangondo:
- kusowa kwa adani achilengedwe
- chakudya chosavuta
Nyama izi ndizofanana kukula kwa chimbalangondo chamfupi chomwe chatha. Asayansi adapeza chithunzi chachikulu pachilumbachi, chopanda mphamvu komanso cholemera. Kulemera kwake sikunakafike 800 kg pang'ono. Kenako, zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, anthu omwe amakhala pafupi anati nyama sikuti idangofa, komanso idakulanso.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo cha Kodiak
Kodiak imaposa anyamata ake onse kukula. Ndi chimbalangondo chokha, chomwe ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri pabanja, chomwe chimayambitsa mpikisano.
- kutalika kwa thupi - mpaka mamita 3;
- kutalika kwa kufota - mpaka masentimita 160;
- zikhadabo - mpaka masentimita 15.
Amuna amakhala ochulukirapo kawiri kuposa akazi. Kulemera kwake kwa amuna ndi makilogalamu 500. Zazimayi zimakhala zolemera pafupifupi 250 kilogalamu. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa zimbalangondo kumawonedwa musanabadwe. Kuyambira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi sichikula, chimakula. Asayansi amadziwa za mtundu wina wolemera makilogalamu 780, omwe, malinga ndi nzika zakomweko, wakula kwambiri.
Mphuno yayikulu imakopa chidwi nthawi yomweyo. Maso ali otseguka kuti awone bwino. Mtundu wawo ndi bulauni. Mutu nthawi zonse umakhala wopepuka kuposa thupi lonse. Umu ndi momwe zimasiyanirana ndi abale ake - chimbalangondo chonyowa. Thupi lake ndilofanana ndi zimbalangondo zonse zofiirira. Ali ndi thupi lolimba, laminyewa yokhala ndi miyendo yayitali, yamphamvu komanso mutu waukulu. Kumbuyo kwake kwa mawoko kumakhala ndi khungu lolimba kwambiri, lomwe limalola kuti lizitha kusuntha kozizira komanso chinyezi. Mchira ndi waufupi ndipo ulibe ntchito iliyonse.
Chimbalangondochi chili ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri zokhala ndi mano akuthwa, omwe amatha kuluma osati chomera chilichonse, komanso mafupa aliwonse. Zikhola za chimbalangondochi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo - zimatha kubweza, mpaka masentimita 15 kutalika komanso lakuthwa kwambiri. Kununkhira bwino komanso kumva bwino kumathandizira kuti asamawone bwino, ndikupanga nyama yowopsa.
Tsitsi la Kodiak ndi lalitali, koma lakuda. Ubweya umabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni, kuyambira beige mpaka mdima. Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi bulauni yakuda, ngakhale m'chilengedwe muli anthu ofiira.
M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo, ana amakhala ndi mphete yaubweya woyera m'khosi. Zimasowa akamakalamba. Chochititsa chidwi: zimbalangondo zakumpoto kwa chilumbachi zimakhala ndi chovala chakuda kuposa anthu akumwera. Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo imafikira zaka 27 kwa amuna ndi zaka 34 kwa akazi. Komabe, 10% yokha ya ana onse obadwa ndi omwe adzafikire msinkhu uwu, chifukwa mitundu iyi imakhala ndi kufa kwakukulu kwambiri.
Kodi Kodiak amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Giant Kodiak Bear
Kodiak, monga momwe dzinali likusonyezera, amakhala pachilumba cha Kodiak ndi zilumba zoyandikana ndi za Kodiak Archipelago. Ili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Alaska. Chimbalangondo ichi sichingapezeke kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi. Kutengera kuti Alaska ndi waku United States of America, titha kunena kuti chimbalangondo ndi mbadwa yaku America. Komabe, asayansi apeza kuti kwawo ndi zimbalangondozi ndi Far East, ndipo chimbalangondo chofiirira cha Kamchatka ndiye achibale apafupi kwambiri.
Popeza kuti gawoli ndi lochepa, mtundu wa chimbalangondo chilichonse ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi, mwachitsanzo, chimbalangondo cha grizzly. Chosangalatsa, koma akakumana, Kodiaks samenyera gawo. M'malo mwake, panthawi yopanga nsomba, zimbalangondo zaku Alaska pagulu la anthu zimapita kumalo osungira nsomba. Chimbalangondo chimakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi magwero a chakudya. Ndipo amasintha gawo lake pokhapokha ngati mulibe chakudya chokwanira chifukwa cha nyengo, koma mkati mwake.
Amuna amakonda amayi awo ndipo amayesetsa kuti asayandikire kwa iwo, ngakhale atakula. Komano, amuna amathawa komwe amakhala kale, atafika zaka zitatu. Kodiak amakonda nyengo yozizira m'mapanga omwe amapezeka. Chimbalangondo chikapanda kuchipeza, chimadzikonzekeretsa ndi phanga, ndikuchifimba ndi masamba ndi udzu wouma.
Kodi Kodiak amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chofiirira cha Kodiak
Kodiak, monga zimbalangondo zina, ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri. Amatha kudya zakudya zamasamba komanso zanyama. Zimbalangondo izi ndi osaka bwino kwambiri, chifukwa kafungo kawo kakuposa kanayi kuposa ka galu. Amatha kusaka agwape ndi mbuzi za kumapiri, koma sizimbalangondo zonse zomwe zimachita izi.
Masika, chakudya cha chimbalangondo chimakhala ndi zovunda, udzu wachinyamata ndi algae. Pambuyo pa kubisala, chimbalangondo chimayenera kupezanso mphamvu zake, chifukwa kupulumuka kwawo kwina kumadalira izi. Popeza malo okhala chimbalangondochi ali pafupi ndi Pacific Ocean, maziko azakudya kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala ndi nsomba, makamaka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba. Zimbalangondo zimapita kumadzi osaya, pakamwa pa mitsinje ndikudikirira nsomba. Zonsezi zimatha kutuluka m'madzi ndikuthawa nsombazo zikagunda msanga.
M'dzinja, zakudya zawo zimadzazidwa ndi bowa ndi mtedza. Zimbalangondo zimafunikira mafuta ochulukirapo asanabadwe. Kupatula apo, chakudya chotsatira adzakhala ndi miyezi 5 yokha atatha kupita ku hibernation. Vutoli ndilovuta kwambiri kwa akazi, chifukwa amayeneranso kudyetsa ana awo nthawi yonse yozizira.
Kodiaks amatha kusintha pang'ono komwe amakhala mchaka chonse, kufunafuna zinthu zomwe zingakhale zochepa. Izi zimakuthandizani kusiyanitsa zakudya zanu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayiwo. Chakudya chochuluka komanso kupezeka kwake kumalola zimbalangondo izi kufikira kukula uku.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodiak
Izi subspecies za zimbalangondo zimatsogolera moyo wofanana ndi moyo wa abale ena. Amakhala moyo wawokha. Kupatula kwawo ndi maanja okhaokha munyengo yokhwima komanso akazi okhala ndi ana. Chimbalangondo chilichonse chimakhala ndi malo ake, ngakhale chili chaching'ono kwambiri kuposa, chimbalangondo cha grizzly. Gawo lamwamuna limakhala lokulirapo 2 kuposa akazi. Chimbalangondo chimalengeza gawo lake polemba chizindikiro. Amatha kugubuduka m'matope, kuyika mkodzo kapena kupaka pamitengo, ndikusiya kununkhira kwake. Izi zimalola zimbalangondo zina kudziwa kuti malowa akukhalamo. Ngakhale zimbalangondo ziwiri zikakumana m'dera limodzi, sizimenyera nkhondo, koma zimwazikana mwamtendere.
Kodiak nthawi zambiri amakhala osunthika, koma amathanso kudyetsa usiku. Zimasunthira kumalo omwe amakhala zikusaka chakudya chanyengo ndipo sizingasamuke kwakanthawi. Poyamba nyengo yozizira yoyamba, zimbalangondo zimabisala ndikukhalamo mpaka masika. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zimbalangondo zizisunga mosungira mafuta kuti zizikhala ndi moyo mpaka masika otsatira. Ngakhale mdera lomwe amakhala, lodzaza ndi zakudya, izi sizikhala zovuta. Nthawi zambiri amabisala m'mapanga, koma amathanso kukhazikika m dzenje.
Amachitira munthu chidwi. Komabe, akawona zoopsa, amatha kuwukira. Mukamayankhulana nawo, muyenera kuyesetsa kuti asayandikire, chifukwa ngakhale achinyamata amtunduwu ndiopambana anthu mwamphamvu ndi kukula. Ngati chimbalangondo chikuyandikirabe, ndi bwino kuyesa kumuwopseza ndi kulira, osayesa kuthawa ndikunyamuka mwakachetechete osawonetsa cholinga chilichonse choukira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo cha Kodiak
Nthawi yokwatirana ya Kodiaks imayamba pakati pa Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa Juni. Ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe chakudya chochuluka kwambiri chimapezeka. Chimbalangondo chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi mpikisano wotsika kwa chachikazi, chifukwa champhongo chilichonse chimapeza wamkazi m'modzi yekha woti akwatire. Banja lolimba limatha kukhala limodzi kuyambira masiku angapo mpaka milungu ingapo.
Akazi achikaziak, monga mitundu ina ya zimbalangondo, akuwonetsa kuchedwa kwakukhazikitsidwa kwa mluza mchiberekero. Chifukwa chake, dzira laling'ono ndi mwana wake limayamba kukula kumapeto kwa Novembala. Kubadwa kwa makanda kumachitika mu Januware kapena February, mulimonsemo panthawiyi mkazi amakhala atagona. Pafupifupi ana 2-3 amabadwa m'modzi. Kwa nthawi yonse mpaka masika, amangodya mkaka wa amayi okha. Nthawi zina, ngati wamkazi wasiya anawo, chimbalangondo china chitha kuwavomereza.
Anawo amafa kwambiri. Pafupifupi 50% ya ana sakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 2. Omwe adakwanitsa kupulumuka amakhala ndi amayi awo mpaka zaka zitatu, amayi amawaphunzitsa kusaka, kuwateteza kwa okalamba. Ali ndi zaka zitatu, amakhala odziyimira pawokha ndikuyamba moyo wawo. Amayi amatha msinkhu ali ndi zaka 4, amuna azaka 5.
Chimbalangondo chimatha kubereka pakatha zaka zinayi zilizonse, chikamaliza kumaliza kusamalira ana am'mbuyomu. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kubadwa komanso kufa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondozi kukuyambiranso pang'onopang'ono.
Adani achilengedwe a Kodiak
Chithunzi: Kodiak
M'malo awo, ma Kodiak alibe adani achilengedwe. Komabe, anthu awo akuwopsezedwa ndi zoopsa monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, matenda ambirimbiri, alenje ndi opha nyama mosayenera. Chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwake kwa anthu kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwa zimbalangondo zina, matenda amisala amakula mwa iwo mwachangu.
Mliriwu ukhoza kupha zimbalangondo zoposa zana, zomwe zingakhudze anthu ochepa. Zimbalangondo zazikulu ndizowopsa kwa ana. Nthawi zambiri amayesa kuwaukira. Mayi amateteza kwambiri ana ake, koma zazikazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa zimbalangondo zazikulu.
Gulu lowopsa kwambiri la Kodiaks ndi achinyamata. Iwo salinso pansi pa chimbalangondo, koma sanapezebe misa yofunikira kuti adziteteze pawokha kwa achikulire. Chifukwa chake panthawiyi, zimbalangondo zazing'ono zimayesetsa kuti zisakope chidwi chawo, ndipo ngati zingatheke, zimapewa kukumana ndi zimbalangondo zina.
Zochita za anthu zimawononga kwambiri zimbalangondo. Ngakhale alendo osavulaza amatha kupha chimbalangondo cha ku Alaska. Amatha kuopseza chimbalangondo kutali ndi malo ake odyetserako ziweto, chifukwa cha zomwe sizingathe kusunga mafuta ndikupulumuka ku hibernation. Kupha nyama mopanda nyama kunatsala pang'ono kuwononga nyama zamtunduwu koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, zomwe zitha kukhala zotayika zosatheka kukonzanso anthu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo cha Kodiak m'chilengedwe
M'mbuyomu, chifukwa chakupha mwamphamvu ubweya, nyama ndi mafuta, kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondozi kwachepetsedwa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, zidagamulidwa kuti ziwateteze padziko lonse lapansi. Pakadali pano, kusaka nyama zazing'ono za chimbalangondo kumayendetsedwa molingana ndi malamulo aboma. Zinthu zili m'manja. Palibe anthu opitilira 160 omwe amatha kuwomberedwa pachaka, kuti asawononge anthu kwambiri. Zilolezo zakusaka zimaperekedwa kwa anthu ena okha omwe ali okonzeka kulipira ndalama zambiri.
Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa misonkho ndi pafupifupi anthu 4000. Izi ndi kamodzi ndi theka zosakwana zaka 100 zapitazo. Iwo akuyang'aniridwa mozama ndi asayansi.
Kafukufuku wamtunduwu ndiwofunika kwambiri kwa akatswiri odziwika bwino azachilengedwe - Chris Morgan. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti sikuti amangophunzira za mtunduwu, komanso amalimbikitsanso chitetezo cha zimbalangondo izi.
Kuwona msonkho ndi mtundu watsopano wazosangalatsa kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa zomwe nzika zakomweko zimakonda. Ndi olimba mtima okha omwe ali okonzeka kukumana ndi mdani uyu maso ndi maso. Pali maulendo okaona malo pachilumba cha Kodiak, omwe amatha kusungitsidwa patsamba lapadera. Alendo ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana amabwera kudzaona chimphonachi. Komabe, chidwi ichi chitha kuwononga zimbalangondo. Kupatula apo, anthu amatha kuwopseza chilombocho kuti chisachoke komwe chimadya nthawi zonse, ndipo sichingasunge mafuta okwanira kubisala.
Pali milandu iwiri yokha yodziwika yakupha anthu ndi subspecies iyi. Komabe, wina sanganene koma kuti onse awiriwa anali alenje ndipo amayesa kupha zimbalangondo, potero amaputa nyamazo. Chifukwa chake titha kunena kuti kodiak osati chimbalangondo chaukali ndipo sichikuwopsa anthu. Mtundu wawung'ono uwu nthawi zonse umakhala pachiwopsezo chotheratu. Chiwerengero cha zimbalangondo lero ndi theka chabe la zomwe zinali zaka 100 zapitazo. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti anthu akhazikitsa njira zodzitchinjiriza zomwe zimayang'anira kukula kwa anthuwa ndipo sizimalola kuwononga ziwombankhanga zazikuluzi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 01.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 16.09.2019 pa 21:17
