Chipululu cha Arctic chili munyanja ya Arctic Ocean. Danga lonseli ndi gawo la madera a Arctic ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi malo osavomerezeka kukhalamo. Dera lachipululu lili ndi madzi oundana, zinyalala ndi zinyalala.
Nyengo ya m'chipululu cha Arctic
Nyengo yovutayo imathandizira pakupanga ayezi ndi chipale chofewa, zomwe zimapitilira chaka chonse. Kutentha kwapakati m'nyengo yozizira kumakhala madigiri -30, kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira -60 madigiri.
Chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta, m'dera la Arctic mulibe nyama zochepa, ndipo kulibe zomera. Malo achilengedwewa amadziwika ndi mphepo yamkuntho yamkuntho ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Ngakhale chilimwe, zigawo za m'chipululu zimaunikiridwa pang'ono, ndipo nthaka ilibe nthawi yoti isungunuke. Mu "nyengo yotentha", kutentha kumakwera kufika madigiri a zero. Nthawi zambiri, chipululu chimakhala mitambo ndipo nthawi zambiri kumagwa mvula ndi chipale chofewa. Chifukwa cha madzi omwe amatuluka m'nyanja mwamphamvu, mapangidwe a chifunga amawoneka.
Chipululu cha arctic chili pafupi ndi North Pole ya pulaneti ndipo chili pamwamba pa madigiri 75 kumpoto. Malo ake ndi 100 zikwi km². Pamwambapa pamakhala gawo lina la Greenland, North Pole, ndi zilumba zina momwe anthu amakhala ndi nyama. Mapiri, malo athyathyathya, matalala oundana ndi omwe amakhala m'chipululu cha Arctic. Zitha kukhala zamitundu yosiyana siyana, zimakhala ndi dongosolo losiyana.
Madera akumadzulo kwa Russia
Malire akumwera kwa chipululu cha Arctic ku Russia ali pafupi. Wrangel, kumpoto - pafupifupi. Malo a Franz Josef. Chigawochi chimaphatikizapo chakumpoto chakumpoto kwa Taimyr Peninsula, pafupifupi. Novaya Zemlya, Zilumba za Novosibirsk, nyanja zomwe zili pakati pa madera. Ngakhale nkhanza mderali, chithunzicho chikuwoneka chokongola komanso chosangalatsa: matalala akulu kwambiri amatambasula, ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala chipale chofewa chaka chonse. Kangapo pachaka kutentha mpweya kukwera 0- + 5 madigiri. Mvula imagwera ngati chisanu, matalala, madzi (osapitilira 400 mm). Malowa amadziwika ndi mphepo yamkuntho, nkhungu, mitambo.
Ponseponse, dera la chipululu cha Arctic ku Russia ndi 56,000.Chotsatira cha kusuntha kwa madzi oundana pagombe komanso kusamba kwawo pafupipafupi ndi madzi, madzi oundana amapangidwa. Gawo la madzi oundana limachokera ku 29.6 mpaka 85.1%.
Zomera ndi nyama zam'chipululu cha arctic
Monga chipululu cham'mlengalenga, chipululu chimaonedwa ngati malo ovuta kukhalamo. Komabe, poyambirira, zimakhala zosavuta kuti nyama zipulumuke, chifukwa zimatha kudya mphatso zamtunduwu. M'chipululu, mikhalidwe ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza chakudya. Ngakhale izi, malowa ali ndi masamba otseguka, omwe amakhala theka la chipululu chonse. Palibe mitengo kapena zitsamba, koma madera ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi ndere, moss, algae omwe amapezeka pamiyala amapezeka. Zomera zotchedwa herbaceous zimayimilidwa ndi ma sedges ndi maudzu. M'chipululu cha Arctic, mutha kupezanso zinyenyeswazi, poppy polar, starfish, pike, buttercup, timbewu tonunkhira, alpine foxtail, saxifrage ndi mitundu ina.
Poppy poppy
Zvezdchatka
Gulugufe
Timbewu
Mapiri a Alpine
Saxifrage
Kuwona chisumbu cha malo obiriwira kumapereka chithunzi cha gombe lakuya mkati mwa chipale chofewa ndi chipale chofewa. Nthaka ndi yozizira komanso yoonda (imakhalabe ngati iyi pafupifupi chaka chonse). Permafrost imapita pamalo akuya mamita 600-1000 ndipo zimapangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kukhetsa madzi. M'nyengo yotentha, nyanja zamadzi osungunuka zimawonekera m'chipululu. Mulibe zakudya m'nthaka, mumakhala mchenga wambiri.
Zonse pamodzi, palibe mitundu yoposa 350 yazomera.M'mwera kwa chipululu, mutha kupeza zitsamba za msondodzi wakumtunda ndi dryads.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa phytomass, nyama zakunyanja ndizochepa. Pali mitundu 16 yokha ya mbalame pano, yomwe pakati pawo pali ma lurik, ma guillemots, ma fulmars, ma glaucous gulls, kittiwake, guillemots, akadzidzi achisanu ndi ena. Zinyama zapadziko lapansi zimaphatikizana ndi mimbulu yaku Arctic, mbawala zaku New Zealand, ng'ombe za musk, mandimu ndi nkhandwe. Pinnipeds amaimiridwa ndi walrus ndi zisindikizo.
Lyurik
Wotsata
Wopusa iwe
Mphepete mwa nyanja
Guillemot
Kadzidzi Polar
M'chipululu mumakhala mitundu pafupifupi 120 ya nyama, ndipo pakati pawo pali agologolo, mimbulu, hares, anamgumi, ndi ma voices aku Arctic. Oimira onse anyama amasinthidwa kukhala nyengo yovuta ndipo amatha kupulumuka m'malo ovuta. Nyama zimakhala ndi malaya odera komanso mafuta osalala, omwe amathandiza kuti zizizizira kuzizira.
Zimbalangondo zakumtunda zimawerengedwa kuti ndiwo okhala m'zipululu za Arctic.
Zinyama zimakhala pamtunda komanso m'madzi. Zimbalangondo zimaswana pagombe lakumpoto kwa Cape Zhelaniy, Chukotka, pafupifupi. Francis Joseph Land. Malo osungira zachilengedwe a Wrangel Island ali m'malo ovuta, okhala ndi mapanga pafupifupi 400 azinyama. Malowa amatchedwa "chipatala cha amayi oyembekezera" cha zimbalangondo.
Nsombazi zimayimilidwa ndi trout, flounder, salimoni ndi cod. Tizilombo monga udzudzu, ziwala, njenjete, ntchentche, mawere ndi ziphuphu zam'mlengalenga zimakhala m'chipululu.
Nsomba ya trauti
Fulonda
Salimoni
Cod
Zachilengedwe zaku chipululu cha arctic
Ngakhale kumakhala kovuta, chipululu cha Arctic ndichokongola mokwanira pamigodi. Zinthu zazikulu zachilengedwe ndi mafuta ndi gasi. Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa mutha kupeza madzi abwino, kugwira nsomba zamtengo wapatali ndi mchere wina. Madzi oundana apadera, osawonongedwa, odabwitsa amakopa alendo zikwizikwi ndi mapindu ena azachuma.
Madera a Arctic amakhalanso ndi mkuwa, faifi tambala, mercury, malata, tungsten, ma platinoid ndi zinthu zapadziko lapansi zosowa. M'chipululu mungapeze nkhokwe zamtengo wapatali (siliva ndi golide).
Zamoyo zosiyanasiyana m'dera lino zimadalira kwambiri anthu. Kuphwanya malo achilengedwe a nyama, kapena kusintha pang'ono panthaka kumatha kubweretsa zovuta. Lero ndi Arctic yomwe ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimapezako madzi abwino, popeza ili ndi 20% ya nkhokwe zapadziko lonse lapansi.
