Amur ndiye mtsinje waukulu kwambiri osati ku Russia kokha, komanso padziko lapansi, womwe kutalika kwake ndi makilomita oposa 2824, chifukwa chokhala ndi mitsinje ina, nyanja zamadzi osefukira zimapangidwa. Chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zochitika zanthaka, mtsinje umasintha, ndipo madziwo amakhala onyansa komanso osayenera kumwa.
Mavuto Amikhalidwe Yamadzi
Akatswiri amati chimodzi mwa mavuto a chilengedwe cha Amur ndi eutrophication, ndiko kukhuta kwakukulu kwa dziwe ndi zinthu za biogenic. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa ndere ndi plankton m'madzi kumawonjezeka kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous kumawonekera, ndipo mpweya umachepa. M'tsogolomu, izi zimabweretsa kutha kwa zomera ndi zinyama za mumtsinje.
Kusanthula mkhalidwe wamadzi mumtsinje. Amur, akatswiri amatanthauzira kuti ndi yonyansa komanso yakuda kwambiri, ndipo madera osiyanasiyana zizindikilozo zimasiyana. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi madzi akunyumba komanso apanyumba. Zomwe zili ndi zinthu zamankhwala komanso zachilengedwe m'madzi zimabweretsa kuti pali zovuta ndikudziyeretsa kwamadzi posungira, matenthedwe ndi kusintha kwa madzi.
Kuwononga madzi
Mtsinje wa Amur waipitsidwa ndi mafakitale komanso malo okhala ku Russia, China ndi Mongolia. Chiwonongeko chachikulu chimayambitsidwa ndi makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale, omwe samatsuka madzi asanatayidwe. Avereji ya zisonyezero zapachaka zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi matani 234 azinthu zamankhwala ndi mankhwala amaponyedwa mumtsinje, pomwe zina mwazinthuzi ndi izi:
- sulphate;
- zopangidwa ndi mafuta;
- mankhwala enaake;
- mafuta;
- nitrate;
- phosphorous;
- mafuta;
- phenols;
- chitsulo;
- zinthu zakuthupi.
Mavuto ogwiritsa ntchito Cupid
Mavuto akulu azachilengedwe ndikuti mtsinjewu umadutsa zigawo zitatu, zomwe zimakhala ndi maboma osiyanasiyana ogwiritsa ntchito madzi. Chifukwa chake maiko awa amasiyana pamiyeso yonyamula, komwe kuli malo ogulitsa mafakitale pamtunda wa mtsinje. Popeza madamu ambiri amanga m'mphepete mwa nyanja, bedi la Amur limasintha. Komanso ngozi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri m'malo ogona zimakhudza kwambiri kayendedwe ka madzi. Tsoka ilo, malamulo omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito chuma cha mumtsinje sanakhazikitsidwe.
Chifukwa chake, Mtsinje wa Amur ndiwodetsedwa. Izi zimathandizira kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka nkhokwe ndi madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa zomera ndi zinyama zam'madzi.
Yankho
Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto am'mtsinje wa Amur, akuluakulu aboma komanso anthu akuchita izi:
Zomwe madzi amderali - Mtsinje wa Amur - adawonedwa kuchokera mlengalenga kuyambira 2018. Ma satellite amayang'anira zochitika zamabizinesi amigodi agolide, zoipitsa za mafakitale zopezeka mumtsinjewo.
Labu yoyendera mafoni imafika kumadera akutali a Amur, imasanthula ndikuwonetsa pomwepo kuti izi zimatulutsa, zomwe zimathandizira kuthetseratu zoyipa pamtsinje.
Akuluakulu oyang'anira zigawo adakana kukopa anthu achi China, kuti nzika zamayiko oyandikana nawo zisakhale ndi mwayi wambiri pakupanga golide mosaloledwa m'mabanki a Amur.
Ntchito yaboma "Madzi Oyera" imalimbikitsa:
- kumanga malo opangira madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyang'anira;
- kukhazikitsa matekinoloje atsopano ndi mabizinesi oti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito madzi.
Kuyambira 2019, malo opangira mankhwala ndi zamoyo CHPP-2:
- amachepetsa kumwa kwa madzi amur pazosowa zotentha;
- kuyeretsa zimbudzi za mkuntho;
- zamoyo zimawononga zimbudzi;
- abwezera madzi kupanga.
Mabungwe 10 a zachilengedwe, akumadera ndi oyang'anira zachilengedwe amayang'anira zowonongedwa, amapanga mapulogalamu kuti akope akatswiri odziyang'anira zachilengedwe m'derali kuti ayeretse madera a Amur.
