Pali mavuto ambiri azachilengedwe ku Ukraine, ndipo vuto lalikulu ndikuwononga chilengedwe. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mabungwe ogulitsa mafakitale akugwira ntchito mdziko muno, chomwe chimayambitsa kuipitsa. Komanso ulimi, kuchuluka kwa zinyalala ndi zinyalala zolimba zapakhomo zimawononga chilengedwe.
Kuwononga mpweya
Pogwira ntchito zamagetsi, zitsulo, malasha, mphamvu, mabizinesi opanga makina ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto, zinthu zowopsa zimatulutsidwa mlengalenga:
- ma hydrocarbon;
- kutsogolera;
- sulfure woipa;
- mpweya monoxide;
- nayitrogeni dioxide.
Malo owonongeka kwambiri mumzinda wa Kamenskoye. Madera okhala ndi mpweya wakuda akuphatikizanso Dnieper, Mariupol, Krivoy Rog, Zaporozhye, Kiev, ndi ena.
Kuwonongeka kwa Hydrosphere
Dzikoli liri ndi mavuto akulu ndi madzi. Mitsinje ndi nyanja zambiri zaipitsidwa ndi madzi akumwa am'nyumba ndi mafakitale, zinyalala, mvula yamchere. Komanso, madamu, malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ndi zinthu zina zimakakamiza matupi amadzi, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kusintha kwa maboma amtsinje. Njira zopezera madzi ndi zimbudzi zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito ndi zachikale kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake ngozi, kutayikira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chuma mopitirira muyeso zimachitika pafupipafupi. Makina oyeretsera madzi ndi osakwanira, chifukwa chake, musanagwiritse ntchito, ayenera kutsukidwa ndi zosefera kapena potentha.
Madzi owonongeka a Ukraine:
- Wotsitsa;
- Ndalama za Seversky;
- Kalmius;
- Western Bug.
Kuwonongeka kwa dothi
Vuto la kuwonongeka kwa nthaka limaonedwa kuti ndilofulumira. M'malo mwake, dothi la Ukraine ndi lachonde kwambiri, popeza gawo lonselo lili ndi nthaka yakuda, koma chifukwa chantchito yochuluka yaulimi ndi kuipitsa nthaka, nthaka imatha. Akatswiri amadziwa kuti kubereka kumachepa chaka chilichonse ndipo makulidwe a humus amachepetsa. Zotsatira zake, izi zimabweretsa zotsatirazi:
- kukokoloka kwa nthaka;
- mchere wamchere;
- kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi madzi apansi panthaka;
- kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe.
Si mavuto onse azachilengedwe ku Ukraine omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa. Mwachitsanzo, dzikoli likukumana ndi vuto lalikulu la zinyalala zapakhomo, kudula mitengo mwachangu komanso kuwonongeka kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Zotsatira za kuphulika pamalo opangira zida za nyukiliya ku Chernobyl ndizofunikabe. Pofuna kukonza zachilengedwe mdziko muno, ndikofunikira kusintha zachuma, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosasamala zachilengedwe ndikuchita zochitika zachilengedwe.
