Utawaleza boa - zokwawa zosowa, amene wakhala ankakonda hobbyists ambiri terrarium. Mwa kukongola kwake konse kokongola komanso kowala kwambiri, munthu wanjoka uyu amatha kuwonekera, wowombedwa ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa lowala. Pakadali pano, boa constrictor amawoneka osangalatsa kwambiri. Tidzamvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane m'moyo wake, pofotokoza osati zakunja zokha, koma zizolowezi zakubadwa, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a njoka.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Utawaleza boa
Utawaleza boa constrictor uli ndi dzina lina - aboma, chokwawa ichi si chakupha, ndi cha banja la ma pseudopods ndi mtundu wa boas-milomo yosalala. Banja limadziwika kuti ndi lamanyazi, chifukwa oimira ake adasunga zanyumba zam'mbuyo ndi m'chiuno. Kunja, amafanana ndi zikhadabo.
Chosangalatsa: Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa utawaleza ndi anaconda, yemwe amamenya ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu.
Pakati pa mabokosi opaka utawaleza, pali mitundu yambiri ya zokwawa, mtundu wa milomo yosalala imayimiriridwa:
- Mabwato a utawaleza aku Colombiya;
- Cuba boa constrictor;
- Ford utawaleza boa;
- Utawaleza wa ku Jamaica boa constrictor;
- utawaleza wa ku South America boa constrictor;
- wolowerera wochepera wa Haiti;
- Utawaleza wa boa constrictor waku Peru.
Boas onsewa ali ndi mawonekedwe awo akunja. Mabwato achichepere aku Colombiya ali ndi milozo yayikulu pabwalo, yomwe imakongoletsedwa ndi mawanga akulu amiyeso ya beige. Zitsanzo zokhwima zimakhala zofiirira kapena zofiirira zofiirira, zimakongoletsedwa ndi utawaleza wonyezimira pakunyezimira kwa dzuwa.
Chosangalatsa: Pakati pa mabwato a utawaleza aku South America, pali ma subspecies asanu ndi atatu osiyana, mtundu wake ndiwosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kufotokoza mitundu yonseyi.
Matumba a utawaleza aku Peru amafanana bwino ndi ma boas aku Brazil, amangosiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa masikelo ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kumbuyo. M'makungwa a utawaleza aku Cuba, zokongoletsera zosiyana zimawonekera bwino, zomwe zimakhala ndi chokoleti kapena mtundu wakuda. Ma boa a utawaleza aku Haiti amadziwika ndi mbiri wamba ya beige, pomwe mawanga akuda, otuwa kapena chokoleti amatha kuwonekera, omwe ali pachisokonezo chachikulu.
Kanema: Utawaleza Boa
Chifukwa chiyani boa constrictor amatchedwa utawaleza, ngati kamvekedwe ka zokwawa zambiri zimayambira ku beige wonyezimira mpaka chokoleti chakuda? Chowonadi ndichakuti munthu wamanjoka uyu amasinthidwa modabwitsa dzuwa litangowala. Boa constrictor imayamba kunyezimira, ngati hologram, yowala ndimitundu yonse ya utawaleza ndikulodza ena.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Utawaleza njoka njoka
Ngakhale mitundu ingapo ya utawaleza imapatsidwa mawonekedwe awo apadera, imakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe ofanana amtundu ndi banja. Kutalika kwa zokwawa izi kumakhala mpaka mita ziwiri. Njoka za utawaleza mita imodzi ndi theka ndizofala kwambiri. Unyinji wa reptile amakhala magalamu mazana asanu ndi awiri mpaka ma kilogalamu awiri. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa boa constrictor ndi kupezeka kwa sikelo yayikulu ndi yunifolomu mdera lamaso a njokayo.
Utawaleza boa constrictor atha kutchedwa kuti wokongola kwenikweni. Iye adalembedwa mwa anthu khumi okopa kwambiri njoka padziko lapansi.
Mtundu waukulu wa khungu la zokwawa ukhoza kukhala:
- bulauni;
- mbalame;
- ofiira ofiira.
Chophimbacho chimakongoletsedwa ndi zigamba zazikulu za mithunzi yowala, yomwe imadutsana ndi zikwapu zakuda, ndikupanga mphamvu ya mphete. M'mbali pali mawanga ang'onoang'ono, okhala ndi mzere wowala kwambiri. Pakatikati pa mawanga ofiira ndi akuda, kuchokera patali amawoneka ngati maso ndi mwana wakuda. Pafupi ndi mimba, timadontho tating'ono ting'ono titha kuwoneka. Gawo la m'mimba palokha limakhala ndi kamvekedwe kowala.
Monga tanenera kale, padzuwa, aboma amawala ndikuwala, kosangalatsa ndi utoto wake wowala. Masikelo a boa constrictor ndi osalala, opanda nthiti komanso osangalatsa kukhudza. Masikelo a njoka, monga ma prism, amawonetsera kunyezimira kwa dzuwa, kowala ndi zowoneka zabuluu, zobiriwira, zofiirira, zofiira ndi zamtambo. Kawirikawiri, koma pali anthu omwe alibe mawonekedwe, koma amawonekera padzuwa, ndiwokongola komanso osangalatsa.
Zosangalatsa: Bowa wa utawaleza ukamatuluka, khungu lake lomwe latayidwa limakhala lopanda utoto ndipo lilibe zokongoletsa.
Kodi utawaleza umakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Utawaleza ku Brazil
Maboti a utawaleza afala ku Central ndi South America. Boas amakhala m'malo otentha, achinyontho, nkhalango, mitsinje yayikulu (Orinoco, Amazon). Amakonda kukhala m'malo pafupi ndi magwero amadzi. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza imafalikira kuthengo. Malo ogawawa amatengera subspecies inayake.
Rainbow constrictor waku Colombian asankha Panama, kumpoto kwa dziko la South America ndi Costa Rica. Pang'ono chabe amapezeka kuzilumba za Trinidad ndi Tobago, Margarita, m'mbali mwa nyanja ku Guiana. Mitunduyi imakonda nkhalango zowuma zomwe zili pafupi ndi nkhalango.
Sikovuta kuganiza kuti ziphuphu zaku South America zidalamulidwa ndikufalikira ku South America konse. Boa constrictor uyu amakhala m'malo achinyezi otentha, komanso m'mapiri ndi nkhalango zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo youma. Paraguayan boa constrictor imapezeka osati ku kukula kokha kwa Paraguay, komanso m'madambo omwe amapezeka ku Argentina ndi Brazil. Mitundu ya boa constrictor ya ku Argentina yakhazikika m'malo a Argentina, Bolivia ndipo amakhala kumapiri a Andes.
Subpecies zisanu ndi zinayi za aboma zimakhala m'malo a India. Zokwawa zambiri zimawoneka ku Bahamas ndi Haiti. Mitundu yaku Cuba ya utawaleza yolembetsedwa imalembetsedwa ku Cuba. Boas asankhanso Jamaica, Puerto Rico ndi Virgin ndi Antilles.
Abomas amatha kukhala m'malo okhala ndi malo osiyana kwathunthu, okhala:
- m'nkhalango za kumadera otentha;
- paming'oma yodzala ndi zitsamba zowirira;
- madambo;
- malo otseguka m'mapiri;
- chipululu;
- madera achipululu.
Malo osiyanasiyana okhala zokwawa zikuwonetsa kuti ma bobow a utawaleza ndi apulasitiki kwambiri ndipo amatha kusintha madera osiyanasiyana.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe utawaleza (aboma) umakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi utawaleza umadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Utawaleza kuchokera ku Red Book
Nthawi zambiri, mndandanda wamabowowe amtundu wa utawaleza umakhala ndi mitundu yonse ya mbewa osati mbalame zazikulu kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhalanso ndi zokometsera zapadera. Mabwato a ku Cuba amawonjezera chakudya chawo ndi mileme ndi iguana, nthawi zina amadya nyama zina za njoka. Mitunduyi imakonda kusaka m'malo obisalira, kudikirira moleza mtima nyama zomwe zingawathere. Ma boa a Ford amatha nthawi yayitali kwambiri pamutu pa mitengo ndi abuluzi.
Si chinsinsi kuti wamkulu komanso wamkulu pa boa constrictor, amakulitsa mbale pazosankha zake. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ma boas onse, utawaleza umagwira nyama yake ndi mano ake, kenako nkumagwiritsa ntchito njira yolemetsa, kupotoza thupi lake lolimba mozungulira icho. Pakudya, makamaka nyama ikakhala yayikulu kwambiri, zimawoneka kuti boa imadzikhomera yokha, pang'onopang'ono imameza. Metabolism mu boas imachedwa, chifukwa chimbudzi chimatha kutenga tsiku limodzi, koma nthawi zambiri sabata lathunthu kapena awiri.
Matumba a utawaleza omwe amakhala kumadera oterewa amapatsanso makoswe ndi mbalame. Ma boas ang'onoang'ono amathandizidwa ndi mbewa zatsopano. Kuchuluka kwa kudyetsa kumadalira msinkhu wa reptile ndi mawonekedwe ake. Achinyamata ndi akazi omwe ali pamalo awo amadyetsedwa pafupipafupi (kamodzi pakatha masiku asanu), ndipo ma boa ena okhwima amatha kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi. Ndikofunikira kuti boa constrictor azikhala ndi madzi akumwa oyera nthawi zonse.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Utawaleza boa
Utawaleza umakonda kukhala wekha, kumayenda makamaka padziko lapansi. Izi zimachitika ndi anthu okhwima njoka, ndipo achichepere amakhala ndi moyo wosakhazikika, amakhala nthawi yayitali pamiyala yamitengo, kupumula panthambi zakuda. Utawaleza umathawa kutentha kosapiririka pobowola masamba ofunda kapena nthaka yovunda, motero kuziziritsa.
Aboma ndiwosambira bwino kwambiri, sizachabe kuti amakhala pafupi ndi madera amadzi, chifukwa zitsanzo za okhwima sizodana ndi kuwaza m'madzi otsitsimula. Maso a chokwawa ndi chakuthwa, ngati chiwombankhanga, ndipo fungo lake ndilabwino kwambiri. Boa constrictor ilinso ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri - lilime lake lachifoloko, pomwe njokayo, monga sikani, imayang'ana malo oyandikana nawo, kupeza onse omwe amadya ndi osafunira. Mabotolo a utawaleza amayamba kugwira ntchito madzulo, amakonda kusaka usiku.
Ngati tikulankhula za chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha zokwawa izi, terrariumists ananena kuti iwo ali mwamtendere ndithu, iwo samasiyana makamaka chiwawa kwa anthu. Zachidziwikire, ngati mukuganiza mwamaganizidwe chabe, ndiye kuti boa constrictor amatha kumunyonga munthu, koma zoterezi ndizocheperako. Kuti boa constrictor apange phwando lakakhama lomwe limapha munthu, liyenera kukhala lochita mantha kapena lokwiya mdierekezi.
Chifukwa cha utoto wawo wokongola ndikusewera m'kuwala, abomas atchuka kwambiri ndi okonda njoka, chifukwa chake akukhala ziweto, ndipo sizovuta kuzisunga, chifukwa ndi odekha komanso osadzichepetsa. Kumtchire, boa constrictor, powona wopindika, amayesa kuthawira mwachangu kuti msonkhano wosafunikira usachitike.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Utawaleza ku Brazil
Utawaleza boa constrictor sungatchedwe kuti zokwawa zonse; umakonda kukhala wekha mpaka nthawi yaukwati ifike. Munthawi imeneyi, wamkazi amawoneka okonzeka kugonana, akuwonetsa chinsinsi chapadera. Wokwera pamahatchi, akumva kununkhira kwa fungo lokongolali, akuthamangira kumsaka. Komanso zimachitika kuti osuta angapo nthawi yomweyo amatenga munthu wamkazi mmodzi. Zikatero, mpikisano pakati pa omwe akupikisana nawo sitingapeweke. Amayamba kuwombana, kulukana komanso kuluma. Wopambana amakhala ndi ufulu wokhala ndi mkazi, ndipo wotsutsana naye amachotsedwa.
Njoka yaikazi ili pabwino kwa miyezi isanu. Samayika mazira, chifukwa matumba a utawaleza ndi zokwawa zouluka. Nthawi zambiri, kuyambira eyiti mpaka khumi ndi zisanu njoka zazing'ono zimabadwa, kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira theka la mita, koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 25 kapena 30, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo sikupitilira magalamu 20. Njira yoyamba ya molt imayamba masiku 10-15 atabadwa. Ikatha, njoka zazing'ono zimayamba kusaka mwachangu ndikukula. Zokwawa za utawaleza zimakula m'moyo wonse wa njoka, chifukwa chake zimakonda kusungunuka - pafupifupi katatu kapena kanayi pachaka.
Mu ukapolo, aboma amathandizanso kubereka bwino, m'malo osungira nyama komanso m'malo achitetezo apadera. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, achinyamata amakula msanga ndikukula, mpaka kutalika mita mpaka chaka chimodzi. Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo wa utawaleza mwachilengedwe imakhala kuyambira khumi ndi awiri mpaka makumi awiri. M'malo opangira, njoka zimakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa zakutchire.
Adani achilengedwe a maboti a utawaleza
Chithunzi: Utawaleza njoka njoka
Ngakhale utawaleza boa constrictor ndi wokulirapo, uli ndi adani ambiri mwachilengedwe. Chokwawa alibe poizoni, chifukwa chake, chiwopsezo chake chimakula.
Utawaleza wamkulu boa constrictor akhoza kukhala chotupitsa:
- nyamazi;
- nguluwe zakutchire;
- caimans;
- odyetsa nthenga zazikulu.
Nyama zazing'ono zopanda nzeru komanso ana omwe angobadwa kumene njoka nthawi zambiri zimavutika ndi mahedgehogs, mphwanga, kuyang'anira abuluzi. Kuopsa kwa ma boas kumachokera ku nkhandwe, makungubwi akulu, mphamba, nthenda zazikulu.
Mdani wa boa constrictor amathanso kutchedwa munthu yemwe nthawi zambiri amalowa m'malo opezekako zokwawa, ndikuzichotsa kumadera okhala anthu. Anthu amabedwa chifukwa chobwezeretsanso kwa omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. M'mayiko ena, ma boa amawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma, chifukwa chake njoka zimaphedwa chifukwa chazakudya zam'mimba.
Podzitchinjiriza, ma boas ali ndi maluso ndi machitidwe awo. Wochita mantha kapena wokwiya boa constrictor amatulutsa mkokomo ndipo akhoza kuluma. Zokwawa za utawaleza zaku Cuba zimadzitchinjiriza modzitchinjiriza. Maso awo amakhala ofiira ndipo madontho a magazi amawoneka pakamwa pawo. Ma boas osiyanasiyana, monga Enygrus asper, amafanana ndi mphiri wowopsa pakuwoneka ndipo amadziwa kulumpha mwangwiro. Polimbana ndi moyo wawo, njira zonse ndi zabwino, chifukwa ma boas ena amapita kuzinthu zingapo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Utawaleza, kapena aboma
Ngakhale maboti a utawaleza afalikira kwambiri ku Central ndi South America, pali zinthu zambiri zoyipa zomwe zimakhudza moyo wawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa anthu pang'onopang'ono, mitundu ina ndiyosowa komanso yovuta kukumana nayo.
Choyambirira, zochitika zachiwawa za anthu zimasokoneza moyo wa Abom. Kudula mitengo, kutsetsereka kwa madambo, kulima malo pazosowa zaulimi, kumangidwa kwa malo okhala anthu ndi misewu ikuluikulu kumachepetsa malo okwera a utawaleza, kusokoneza mayendedwe awo amoyo ndikuwasamutsa m'malo omwe amakhala.
Kuphatikiza pazonse zomwe zatchulidwazi, ma boas amavutika chifukwa chakudziwika kwawo pakati pama terrariums. Nthawi zambiri amagwidwa kuti akagulitse m'manja mwawo. M'mayiko ena, Aboma amadyedwa, zomwe zimakhudzanso anthu moyipa. Mwachiwonekere, kuchuluka kwa mabwato a utawaleza sikunafikebe pamlingo wovuta chifukwa chakuti ndiwodzichepetsa ndipo amaberekanso bwino m'malo osungira nyama, malo osungira osiyanasiyana komanso madera ena, omwe sangasangalale. Komabe, musaiwale kuti mitundu ina yasowa kwambiri ndipo imatha kutheratu.
Kuyang'anira maboti a utawaleza
Chithunzi: Utawaleza wochokera ku Red Book
Monga tanena kale, kuchuluka kwakunyumba ya utawaleza sikokwanira kwenikweni, kuchuluka kwa nyama zokwawa izi zikuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Izi ndichifukwa chodziwika bwino chomwe chimakhudza nyama zambiri, kuphatikiza aboma.
Nayi mitundu ina yowopsezedwa ya njoka ya utawaleza. Pano mutha kutchula dzina la utawaleza wa ku Jamaican boa constrictor, omwe kuchuluka kwawo kudakhudzidwa kwambiri mu nthawi yolanda ku Europe. Njoka izi zagwidwa ndi kuwonongedwa. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri mphambu zisanu izi zidzatha kwathunthu kuchokera ku Jamaica, koma boa constrictor anali ndi mwayi wokhala pachilumba chaching'ono chotchedwa Goat Island. Tsopano mtundu uwu umatetezedwa ndi akuluakulu aku Jamaica, poyang'aniridwa ndi herpetologists nthawi zonse. Ziwombankhanga zimapangidwa mwanzeru kuti zisawonongeke.
Kudera la Puerto Rico, zovuta zomwezo zikuchitika monga ku Jamaica, Puerto Rico Rican boa constrictor itha kutha kwathunthu padziko lapansi chifukwa chothamangitsidwa m'malo omwe anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mpaka kalekale. Tsopano boa constrictor ameneyu akutetezedwa ndikuyesera kuti asunge manambala ake mwa kuswana mosiyanasiyana.
Mu IUCN Red List ndi Appendices I kapena II ya Convention on International Trade, pali mitundu isanu yamitengo yosalala:
- Puerto Rico;
- Cuba;
- mona;
- wochepa thupi;
- wakuda ndi wachikasu.
Ngati njira zodzitetezera pazinyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha zitha kugwira ntchito, mitundu yosawerengeka imapulumutsidwa ku chiwonongeko chotheratu, ndiye kuti funso loti lingagwire ntchito yofotokozera komanso kufalitsa nkhani pakati pa anthu amtunduwu pokhudzana ndi kusalowererapo kwa anthu okhala mdera la zokwawa ndi ulemu wawo kwa njoka izi zikhala zofunikira.
Popeza ndaphunzira zinthu zambiri zatsopano komanso zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi moyo wa zokwawa zokongola ngati ma rainbow boas, ndikufuna kulimbikitsa anthu kuti aziwasamalira ndi kuwasamalira, ngakhale zilibe kanthu komwe munthuyu amakhala - ku terrarium kapena kuthengo. Utawaleza boa Limalungamitsa dzina lake, chifukwa limabweretsa utawaleza, kusewera ndi utoto wonyezimira pakuwala kowala kwa dzuwa.
Tsiku lofalitsidwa: June 17, 2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/23/2019 nthawi 20:20
