Pangasius kapena shark catfish (Latin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), nsomba zazikulu, zowopsa zomwe zimatha kusungidwa mu aquarium, koma mosungika kwambiri. Pangasius adadziwika kalekale ndi anthu. Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, adaleredwa ngati nsomba zamalonda kwazaka mazana ambiri, ndipo posachedwapa adatchuka ngati nsomba zam'madzi.
Pangasius ndi nsomba yogwira ali wamng'ono, yemwe amakhala m'masukulu ndi m'madzi akuluakulu, ozunguliridwa ndi abale, imafanana ndi nsombazi ndi thupi lake losalala, zipsepse zapamwamba komanso thupi lopanikizika.
Pakukula msinkhu wamkulu, ndipo m'chilengedwe chimakula mpaka 130 cm, mtunduwo umakhala wowala pang'ono, wofanana imvi.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Mitunduyi idayambitsidwa koyamba mu 1878. Ngakhale kuti anthu akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia agwira kale nsomba zamphaka zambirizi, sizikudziwika kuti ndi ndani amene wazipeza.
Posachedwa mitundu iyi idasamutsidwa ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo kuchokera ku mtundu wa Pangasius kupita ku mtundu wa Pangasianodon.
Mwachilengedwe, amakhala mumtsinje wa Mekong, komanso ku Chao Phraya, ku Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
Inakhazikitsidwanso kumadera ena pazosodza. Achinyamata amapezeka m'masukulu akulu, makamaka pamtsinje, koma achikulire akusungabe m'masukulu ang'onoang'ono.
Mwachilengedwe, amadya nsomba, shrimp, nyama zopanda mafupa osiyanasiyana, mphutsi za tizilombo, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Ndi nsomba yamadzi oyera yomwe imakhala m'malo otentha ndi kutentha kwa madzi kwa 22-26 ° C, 6.5-7.5 pH, 2.0-29.0 dGH. Amakonda malo akuya, monga momwe amakhalira m'chilengedwe.
Nsombazi zimasamukira m'nyengo yamvula, zimasunthira kumtunda kupita kumalo osungira. Madzi akayamba kuchepa, nsomba zimabwerera kumalo awo okhazikika. Kudera la Mekong Basin, kusamuka kumayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi, ndikubwerera kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Disembala.
Wofalikira ngati nsomba zam'madzi, koma monga chakudya chomwe chimaperekedwa kuchokera ku Southeast Asia ngakhale kumayiko athu. Nthawi yomweyo, nsomba imawonedwa ngati yopanda phindu komanso yotsika mtengo, ngakhale ikufala kwambiri. Imatumizidwa ku United States pansi pa dzina swai, panga kapena pangas kupita ku Europe ndi ntchito kumayiko ena aku Asia.
Ngakhale sanali otchuka chifukwa cha kulawa, kutumizira kunja kunabweretsa Vietnam $ 1.8 biliyoni mu 2014.
Chifukwa chakufalikira kwake, sizili m'gulu la zolembedwa mu Red Book.
Kufotokozera
Pangasius ndi nsomba yayikulu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi shaki. Yosalala, yamphamvu thupi, awiri awiri a masharubu ali pamphuno.
Mfupi kwakumapeto kwa dorsal fin kumakhala ndi msana umodzi kapena iwiri, komanso misana yazipsepse za pectoral. Mphero ya adipose imapangidwa bwino, monganso momwe zimakhalira zazitali.
Achinyamata ndi okongola kwambiri, ali ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yakuda yoyenda mthupi lonse, komabe, mwa akulu, utoto umatha ndipo mikwingwirima imatha.
Mtundu wa thupi umakhala wofiirira mofananamo ndi zipsepse zakuda. Mwa kusiyanasiyana pali mawonekedwe a albino, ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi thupi lochepetsedwa.
Nsomba yotchedwa high fin shark catfish imatha kufikira kutalika kwa 130 cm ndikulemera mpaka 45 kg. Pang'ono mu aquarium, mpaka 100 cm.
Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 20.
Palinso mtundu wina - Pangasius sanitwongsei, yemwe kukula kwake kumafika 300 cm ndikulemera makilogalamu 300!
Zovuta pakukhutira
Ngakhale iyi ndi nsomba yopanda kufunika kwenikweni, simuyenera kuigula mopupuluma. Izi ndichifukwa choti nsomba zazikulu zimafunikira aquarium kuchokera ku 1200 malita.
Amakhala mwamtendere, koma ndi nsomba zomwe sangathe kuzimeza. Samalabadira magawo amadzi, koma kuyeretsa kwake, ndipo adya chilichonse chomwe mungawapatse.
Pangasius ali ndi khungu losakhwima lomwe limavulala mosavuta, muyenera kuchotsa zinthu kuchokera ku aquarium zomwe zingavulaze.
Ma juveniles ndiosangalatsa ndipo ma aquarists ambiri amafuna kukhala nawo ngati nsomba yaku aquarium. Koma, nsomba iyi imangoyenera malo okhala m'madzi akulu kwambiri.
Ndi wolimba kwambiri ndipo amagwirizana ndi nsomba zina, bola ngati sangameze. Koma chifukwa cha kukula kwake, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti akatswiri azisunga nsomba za shark m'madzi osavuta.
Achinyamata amatha kusungidwa m'madzi m'madzi okwanira malita 400, koma akafika pakukula (pafupifupi 100 cm), adzafunika aquarium yamadzi okwana malita 1200 kapena kupitilira apo.
Kuphatikiza apo, pangasius imagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo imafuna malo ambiri osambira, ndipo imangofunika kusungidwa paketi.
Nthawi zambiri amamva pagulu la anthu asanu kapena kupitilira apo, tangoganizirani za mtundu wanji wamadzi omwe nsomba zoterezi zimafunikira.
Kudyetsa
Shark catfish ndi yopatsa chidwi, yodziwika pakudya chilichonse chomwe ingapeze. Akamakula, amakonda zakudya zowonjezera zomanga thupi.
Popita nthawi, amakalamba, amataya mano, monga pacu yakuda, amakhala wosadya nyama.
Mu aquarium, amadya zakudya zamtundu uliwonse - zamoyo, zozizira, ma flakes, mapiritsi. Kwa pangasius, chakudya chosakanizika ndi chabwino - mwina masamba ndi chakudya chanyama.
Amayenera kudyetsa kawiri kapena katatu patsiku, koma magawo omwe amatha kudya mphindi zisanu. Kuchokera kuzinyama, ndibwino kudyetsa shrimp, ma bloodworms, nsomba zazing'ono, nyongolotsi, crickets.
Kuyambira chomera zakudya, sikwashi, nkhaka, letesi.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Magawo amadzi amatha kukhala osiyana, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti madziwo ndi oyera. Kutentha kuchokera 22 mpaka 26 C.
Fyuluta yakunja yamphamvu imafunika, ndipo sabata iliyonse madzi amasintha mpaka 30%, popeza nsomba zimapanga zinyalala zambiri.
Pangasius amakula kukula kwakukulu kwambiri ndipo amafuna madzi amchere omwewo. Monga tanenera kale, kwa achichepere malita 300-400 amafunikira, kwa achikulire ochokera ku 1200. Ndi bwino kukonza nyanja yamchere kuti izikhala ngati mitsinje yakomweko, kuyika nkhuni zolowerera.
Muunyamata, amakonda kubisala pakati pazinyama. Zipangizo zomwe zili mkati mwa aquarium zimatetezedwa bwino chifukwa zimatha kuziphwanya zikawopsa.
Shark catfish, mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya catfish, siyophimbidwa ndi mbale zamafupa, koma imakhala ndi khungu losalala komanso lowonda. Amavulala mosavuta ndikukanda. Komanso, mosiyana ndi mphamba wamba, mwachitsanzo, Fractocephalus, nsombazi zilibe vuto lokhala pansi, zimakhala pakati.
Nthawi zonse zimasuntha ndipo nthawi zina zimadzuka, zimatulutsa mpweya. Amagwira ntchito tsiku lonse ndikukonda aquarium yoyatsa bwino.
Samalani!
Nsombazo siziona bwino kwenikweni, ndipo zimachita mantha kwambiri, kuchita mantha mosavuta. Osagogoda pagalasi kapena kuwopsyeza nsomba, atha kudzipweteketsa akamachita mantha.
Pangasius wowopsya amaphulika modabwitsa mu aquarium, magalasi owoneka bwino, zokongoletsa kapena nsomba zina.
Pambuyo pochita mantha, mutha kuwona nsomba zanu zitagona pansi, zosweka, zotopa. Ndipo ngati muli ndi mwayi, adzachira pakapita nthawi.
Ngakhale
Achinyamata amakhala pagulu, koma akakula nsomba, ndimomwe amakhala osungulumwa kwambiri. Zimayenderana bwino ndi nsomba zofananira, kapena nsomba zomwe sizingameze.
Pangasius amawona nsomba iliyonse yaying'ono ngati chakudya. Ndipo osati zazing'ono, mwina. Mwachitsanzo, ameza nsomba zazikulu monga Clarias, ngakhale zimawoneka zosatheka.
Kusiyana kogonana
Zazimayi ndizokulirapo komanso zolimba kuposa zamphongo, ndipo zimawala pang'ono. Koma zosiyana zonsezi sizimawoneka muunyamata, panthawi yomwe zimagulitsidwa.
Kuswana
Kuswana mu aquarium kumakhala kosowa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwa nsombazo komanso zofunikira pakasamba.
Mwachilengedwe, pangasius imasunthira kumtunda kupita kumalo oberekera kumapeto kwa masika kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe.
Zinthuzi sizingafanane munyanja yam'madzi. Monga lamulo, amawetedwa m'mayiwe akuluakulu m'minda ya ku Asia, kapena agwidwa m'chilengedwe ndikuleredwa m'madzi, osungidwa m'makontena oyandama.
