Ndikosavuta kulingalira dziko lopanda madzi - ndilofunikira komanso losasinthika. Zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi zimadalira momwe hydrological ikuyendera, mwa kuyankhula kwina, njira zonse zosinthira zinthu ndi mphamvu zimayendetsedwa ndi kayendedwe ka madzi kosasintha. Imasanduka nthunzi kuchokera pamwamba pamadzi ndi pamtunda, mphepo imanyamula nthunzi kupita kumalo ena. Mwa mawonekedwe amvula, madzi amabwerera ku Earth, njirayi imabwereza mobwerezabwereza. Malo osungira padziko lonse amadzimadzi ofunikirawa amakhala m'malo opitilira 70% yadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zochulukazo zimadzaza m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja - 97% ya kuchuluka kwake ndi madzi amchere amchere ndi nyanja.
Chifukwa chakutha kwake kusungunula zinthu zosiyanasiyana muunyinji wake, madzi amakhala ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana pafupifupi kulikonse. Mwachitsanzo, zitsime ziwiri zoyandikira zingakudabwitseni ndi mitundu ina yazomwe zili mkatimo, chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa nthaka yomwe madzi amalowa.
Zigawo zazikulu za hydrosphere
Monga dongosolo lililonse lalikulu lomwe lilipo padziko lapansi, hydrosphere ili ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimatenga nawo mbali:
madzi apansi, omwe mawonekedwe ake onse amapangidwanso kwanthawi yayitali, amatenga zaka mazana ndi mamiliyoni;
madzi oundana ophimba nsonga za mapiri - apa kukonzanso kwathunthu kwatambasulidwa kwazaka zambiri, kupatula malo osungira madzi abwino pamapolo a dziko lapansi;
- nyanja ndi nyanja, mwa kuyankhula kwina, Nyanja Yadziko Lonse - pano kusintha kwathunthu kwa madzi onse kuyenera kuyembekezeredwa zaka zikwi zitatu zilizonse;
- nyanja zotsekedwa zomwe zilibe ngalande - zaka zakusintha pang'onopang'ono pamadzi awo ndi zaka mazana ambiri;
- mitsinje ndi mitsinje imasintha mofulumira - patadutsa sabata limodzi zinthu zina zamankhwala zitha kuwonekera;
- madzi amadzimadzi am'mlengalenga - nthunzi - masana amatha kukhala ndi zigawo zina;
- zamoyo - zomera, nyama, anthu - zimatha kusintha kapangidwe kapangidwe ka madzi m'matupi awo mkati mwa maola ochepa.
Ntchito zachuma za anthu zadzetsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu pakufalikira kwamadzi mu hydrosphere yapadziko lapansi: mitsinje ndi nyanja zambiri zimawonongeka chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwa mankhwala, chifukwa chake dera la chinyezi chotumphukira pamtunda wawo lasokonekera. Zotsatira zake, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mvula ndi nthawi zokolola zochepa muulimi. Ndipo ichi ndi chiyambi chabe cha mndandanda wonena za kuopsa kwachuma kwakukulu kwachitukuko cha anthu padziko lapansi!
