Nkhanu ya Horseshoe ndi cholembedwa zakale chomwe chidakhala padziko lapansi zaka zopitilira 200 miliyoni zapitazo. Zotsalira zake zimapezeka m'mabwinja akale, ndipo anthu okhala ndi malupanga amapezeka kulikonse - kuchokera ku Russia Far East mpaka ku North America.
Kodi nkhanu ya horseshoe ndi ndani?
Kunja, nkhanu za akavalo zimawoneka zachilendo. Wowonerera amatha kungowona chishango chachikulu cha ma horny chomwe chimafikira masentimita 60 m'mimba mwake komanso mchira wautali wolunjika. Mbali "yakumbuyo" kwa cholembayo imawonetsa miyendo yambiri, yomwe mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi tizilombo. Malinga ndi mtundu wachilengedwe, nkhanu ya akavalo ndi wachibale wa akangaude, koma ndiomwe amakhala m'madzi. Nkhanu za Horseshoe zimadya ma molluscs, nyongolotsi zam'madzi zosiyanasiyana komanso algae.
Nyamayi inachokera ku chishango chake ndi mchira. Wotsirizira, mwa njira, ali ndi zida zowopsa. Pamapeto pake pali munga wakuthwa, womwe nkhanu za akavalo zimadzitchinjiriza, ndikupweteka ndi kudzibaya. Kuphatikiza pa kuvulala, cholembedwacho chimatha "kubwezera" wolakwayo ndi poyizoni, ndikupangitsa kutupa komanso kusokonezeka.
Kapangidwe ka nkhanu ya Horseshoe
Nkhanu ya Horseshoe ili ndi magawo atatu - cephalothorax, pamimba ndi mchira. Zoyamba ziwirizi zimakhala ndi chophimba chapamwamba ngati mawonekedwe amphamvu a horny. Chifukwa chakusowa kwa malo olumikizana pakati pa anthu oyipa, chipolopolo cha munthuyo sichimalepheretsa kuyenda kwake ndipo chimapangitsa kuti chiziyenda mosavuta.
Nkhanu ya akavalo imayendetsedwa ndi miyendo isanu. "Nkhanu" iyi ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a chishango chake, imatha kuyenda pamchenga wonyowa, kuyikidwa mmenemo masentimita angapo. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, nkhanu za akavalo "amalima" mchenga, ndikusiya mzere wochititsa chidwi kumbuyo kwawo.
Kawirikawiri, nkhanu ya akavalo ili ndi miyendo isanu ndi umodzi yamiyendo, yomwe imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kutsogolo kwake kuli kwakung'ono kwambiri. Izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa chelicerae, zopangira chakudya. Magulu anayi oyenda ali ndi zikhadabo. Palinso magulu awiri apadera omwe amalola nkhanu za akavalo kukankhira pansi panyanja ndikusambira.
Nkhanu za Horseshoe pagombe
Moyo wa nkhanu wa Horseshoe
Nkhanu ya Horseshoe ndi cholengedwa cham'madzi, ndichifukwa chake ambiri amawona ngati nkhanu. Imakhala yakuya mamita 10 mpaka 40, ikumamatira kumadera apansi kwambiri. Kutalika kwa nkhanu ya akavalo kumafikira zaka makumi awiri, motero amakhala okhwima pogonana pofika chaka chachikhumi.
Nkhanu za Horseshoe zimamera pamtunda. Mwina ichi ndiye chifukwa chokha chomwe chingamupangitse kuchoka panyanja. Kubereka kumachitika poyikira mazira ang'onoang'ono omwe amawoneka ngati mazira. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa dzira ndi 3.5 mm. Clutch imachitika mu dzenje lamchenga lokonzeka, pomwe nkhanu yaikazi ya nkhono imatha kuyikira mazira mpaka 1,000.
Kodi nkhanu za akavalo ndizoopsa kwa anthu?
Kuyankhulana kwapadera ndi nkhanu za akavalo kumatha kubweretsa kuvulala. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, imatetezedwa ndi kakhosi kumapeto kwa mchira wake ndipo imatha kungobaya kokha, komanso kupopera poyizoni. Kwa munthu wathanzi, poyizoni uyu siowopsa, koma amatha kuyambitsa vuto linalake.
Nthawi yomweyo, anthu aphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito nkhanu za akavalo pazifukwa zabwino. Katundu amamasulidwa m'magazi ake, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kukonzekera kukonzekera kusabereka. Kuti mupeze mankhwalawa, nkhanu ya akavalo imagwidwa ndipo "imapereka magazi". Pambuyo pake imabwezeredwa ku ufulu, kumalo ake achilengedwe.
Ngati mukukumbukira mawu oti "magazi abuluu", ndiye kuti izi ndi za nkhanu ya akavalo. Lili ndi mkuwa wambiri, womwe umapatsa mtundu wabuluu wachilengedwe. Mwina ichi ndiye cholengedwa chokhacho chachikulu chomwe chilibe mithunzi yofiira mkati mwake, kofunikira, madzi.
