Garden dormouse (lat. Eliomys quercinus) ndi nyama yaying'ono komanso yokongola kwambiri ya makoswe. Mosiyana ndi achibale aku nkhalango, imatha kukhazikika osati m'nkhalango za thundu zokha, komanso m'minda yakale. Ili ndi dzina lake lotchulidwira chifukwa chakuti kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, atakhala wonenepa ndikukonzekera nkhokwe m'nyengo yozizira, dormouse imalowa mtulo.
Kamodzi kofala, lero ndodo yochokera kubanja la Sonyev imagwera m'gulu la nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, yalembedwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo imatetezedwa. Ngakhale kuti mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi, ziweto zachepa kwambiri, makamaka kumadera akum'mawa, amadziwika kuti ndi tizirombo, ndipo m'malo ena amangodya.
Kufotokozera
Kulemera kwa dormouse yam'munda kumakhala magalamu makumi anayi ndi asanu mpaka zana limodzi ndi makumi anayi. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 10-17, ndipo mchira waubweya wokhala ndi ngayaye kumapeto kwake umakhala wofanana. Chosompsacho ncholoza, ndi maso akulu ndi makutu.
Chovalacho ndi chachifupi, chofewa komanso chofewa, chofiirira kapena chofiirira. Mimba, khosi, thorax, ndi tarsi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera kapena pinki zotumbululuka. Mzere wakuda umachokera m'maso ndi kumbuyo kwamakutu, zomwe zimawapatsa mawonekedwe a mbala yeniyeni, nthawi yomweyo kukhala chosiyana ndi dormouse yam'munda.
Malo ndi zizolowezi
Ngati tikulankhula za kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala pagalu, ndiye kuti malo awo amakhala pakatikati, chakumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa kontinenti yaku Europe, zigawo zapakati ndi kumwera kwa Africa ndi Asia Minor.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'nkhalango ndi minda yosavuta, akumakongoletsa nyumba zawo mozungulira nthambi zowirira, mabowo, kapena zisa zosiyidwa.
Asanafike nyengo yozizira, amakonza malo ogona pakati pa mizu ya mitengo, ndikusamalira kutentha m'nyengo yozizira. Pakugwa, amalemera kawiri kuposa nthawi zonse, motero amapeza mafuta ofunikira kuti apulumuke nthawi yayitali.
Zakudya zabwino
Malo okhala dormouse ndi omnivorous. Masana nthawi zambiri amagona, ndipo kukayamba kulowa amapita kukasaka. Chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi chakudya cha nyama. Ngakhale ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso, pakatha sabata limodzi ndikudya zamasamba, amatha kugwa. Asayansi ena adazindikira za kudya anzawo atangotuluka kumene. Koma tiyeni tiyambe mwadongosolo.
Zakudyazi zimadalira chilengedwe. Anthu ogona omwe amakhala m'minda samanyoza chilichonse. Amakonda kudya maapulo, mapeyala, mapichesi, mphesa komanso ngakhale yamatcheri mosangalala. Akakhala mchipinda momwe zinthu za ambuye amasungidwa, mosangalala adzalawa buledi, tchizi ndi mkaka ndi chimanga chomwe chilipo.
Komabe, zipatso ndizokoma. Chakudya chachikulu ndi kafadala, mphutsi, agulugufe, akangaude, centipedes, mphutsi, ndi nkhono. Mazira amatha kusangalala ngati chakudya chokoma.
Sony ndi osaka bwino kwambiri omwe amangoyankha nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, zinyama zazing'ono zamphongo, kuphatikiza mbewa zakutchire ndi mbalame, nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama yawo.
Asanapite ku hibernation, nyamazo sizipanga masheya, kupatula nthawi zina.
Kubereka
Nthawi yoberekera ya dormouse yam'munda imayamba atangodzuka ku tulo tofa nato. Amuna amayamba kuthamanga kuzungulira malo oyandikana nawo, kusiya zikwangwani ndikununkhiza zazikazi zokonzeka kukwatira. Mosasamala kanthu za moyo wakusiku, kubadwa kwachilengedwe kumalimbikitsa nyumba yogona kuti ifufuze mwachangu ngakhale masana.
Akazi amatcha amuna ndi mluzu. Amuna amayankha modandaula, kukumbukira phokoso la ketulo wowira. Si zachilendo kuti milandu ya nsanje iwoneke pamene opikisana nawo akumenyera ufulu wokhala ndi mayi wamtima.
Pawiri amapangidwa kwa masiku ochepa okha, kenako wamkazi amasiya bambo wa ana ake ndikuyamba kukonzekera chisa chake, nthawi zambiri kuposa m'modzi. Mimba imatenga masiku 23, pambuyo pake timabadwa ana ang'onoang'ono 4-6. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, amatsegula maso awo, ndipo atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi amayamba kudya okha. Poyamba, ana amasunthika pagulu. Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, yaikazi imasiya anawo, omwe amakhala limodzi kwakanthawi, kenako amabalalika.
Kuteteza manambala
Chifukwa chachikulu chakuchepa kwa anthu okhala m'malo ogona m'munda ndikuchepa kwa malo okhala - kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuyeretsa mitengo yopanda pake. Chofunikira ndikulimbana ndi makoswe, pansi pa miyala yamiyala yomwe sikuti ndi tizirombo tambiri komanso mitundu yosawerengeka imagwa.
Zalembedwa mu Red Book, nkhokwe ya IUCN ndi Annex III ya Berne Convention.
Kuphatikiza apo, palibe chilichonse chomwe chingatetezedwe ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu.
