Nyani Ndi kanyama kakang'ono, kosewera komanso koseketsa. Zinthu zapadera ndi malingaliro ofulumira komanso kucheza ndi nyama. Nthawi zambiri nyama izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ngwazi zamasewero, chifukwa zimakonda kulumikizana ndi anthu ndipo ndizosavuta kuziphunzitsa. Nyani amakhala ndi thupi laling'ono, ndiye woimira banja la nyani. Banja ili limagwirizanitsa mitundu yambiri ya anyani ang'onoang'ono.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Monkey
Anyani ndi amtundu wa zolemetsa; anyani, banja la anyani, mtundu wa anyani amadziwika motsatira dongosolo. Anyani amadziwika kuti ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi anthu. Lingaliro la chiyambi chawo ndi chisinthiko limayambira zaka mazana ambiri ngakhale zaka zambiri. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti DNA ya anthu ndi anyani ili ndi kufanana kopitilira 80%. Kafukufuku wambiri wa DNA adawonetsa kuti njira yosinthira anyani ndi anthu idasokonekera zaka 6.5 miliyoni zapitazo.
Malinga ndi asayansi, makolo akale komanso akutali kwambiri anyani amakono adapezeka padziko lapansi nthawi ya Cenozoic. Zinachitika pafupifupi zaka 66 miliyoni zapitazo. Anyani oyamba kudya okha tizilombo, mphutsi ndi nyongolotsi ndipo amakhala mu korona wa mitengo yayitali. Makolo akale akale a anyani amakono otchedwa humanoid anyani amatchedwa mandimu akale. Adabala mitundu yambiri yamanyani.
Kanema: Nyani
Zinthu zakale zokwiriridwa pansi zakale zomwe akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza zikusonyeza kuti anyani oyamba amapezeka m'dera la Egypt wamakono. Derali linali ndi nkhalango zazikulu, zachinyezi, zotentha zomwe zinali malo abwino okhala nyama izi.
Makolo akale a anyani amakono adakhala makolo amtundu wamtundu wa anyani ngati gigantopithecus. Anali opitilira muyeso ndipo analibe mphamvu komanso luntha. Kukula kwa thupi la anthu ena kupitilira mita zitatu. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo ndikuzizira, ambiri aiwo adatha. Komabe, adadzutsa Dryopithecus, yemwe anali ndi matupi ang'onoang'ono ndipo amadziwika ndi munthu wosewera komanso wanzeru mwachangu. Ndi mtundu wa anyani akale omwe asayansi amatcha oyimira oyamba amtunduwu, omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mitundu yamakono.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe nyani amawonekera
Anyani amadziwika kuti ndi anyani ang'onoang'ono. Kutalika kwa thupi lawo kumakhala pakati pa 30 mpaka 100 sentimita. Zoyipa zakugonana sizimawonekera kwambiri munyama izi. Amuna amakhala ndi matupi akulu kuposa akazi. Kutengera mtunduwo, ena mwa omwe akuyimira nawo atha kukhala ndi mchira wokhumbirika, wautali komanso wowonda, pomwe ena alibe. Kutalika kwa mchira mumitundu ina kumapitilira kutalika kwa thupi lake ndikufikira mita imodzi kapena kupitilira apo.
Thupi limadaliranso mitundu. Itha kukhala yopyapyala komanso yopingasa, imatha kukhala yayikulu komanso yolimba. Kumbuyo kwa mwendo nthawi zonse kumakhala kofupikitsa kuposa kutsogolo. Iwo, monga anthu, ali ndi manja ang'onoang'ono kuposa mapazi. Ndizodabwitsa kuti manja amakula bwino ndipo anyani amawagwiritsa ntchito mochenjera ngati manja. Chala chilichonse chimakhala ndi chikhomocho. Chala chachikulu ndi chimodzimodzi mwa anthu, chosiyana ndi ena onse. Mwa anyani omwe ali ndi thupi lalikulu, lolimba, chala chachikulu sichinakule kwambiri, kapena kulibiretu.
Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa mutu zimadaliranso mitundu. Zitha kukhala zazing'ono, kapena zazikulu, zazitali, zozungulira, kapena zazing'ono. Mbali yakutsogolo nthawi zambiri imakulitsidwa, mphuno zake zimayandikira wina ndi mnzake. Maso amatha kukhala otetemera, amatha kukhala akulu komanso owoneka bwino.
Mitundu yambiri ya anyani imakhala ndi malaya ataliatali komanso opyapyala, koma osakulirapo ngati mitundu ina ya anyani. Mtundu umatha kusiyanasiyana, kutengera ma subspecies: imvi, bulauni, greenish, buluu, wakuda, bulauni, ndi zina zambiri. Ubweya umaphimba pafupifupi thupi lonse, kupatula kupondapo mapazi, kutsogolo kwa mutu, ndi ischium. Mitundu ina imasowa tsitsi m'chifuwa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti anyani ali ndi nsagwada zofanana ndi za anthu. Ali ndi mano pafupifupi ofanana, ndipo nambala yawo ndi 32. Anyani amasiyanitsidwa ndi ubongo wotukuka kwambiri komanso kapangidwe kovuta m'mimba.
Kodi nyani amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Monkey monkey
Anyani amasinthasintha msanga kukhala chilichonse.
M'malo awo achilengedwe, amathanso kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana.:
- mangowe;
- madambo;
- nkhalango zotentha;
- nkhalango;
- mapiri kapena malo amapiri;
- madera otseguka, zigwa, kapena zigwa zazikulu za mitsinje.
Madera akuluakulu anyaniwa ndi kontinenti ya Africa, kupatula Madagascar, zigawo zapakati ndi kumwera kwa America, ndi Australia.
Anyani amakonda kulumikizana m'magulu osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Gulu lirilonse lili ndi malo ake okhala. Amakonda kukhala moyo wongokhala, ndipo ambiri amakhala m'dera limodzi. Pali mitundu itatu ya anyani: arboreal, omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali m'nthambi ndi korona wamitengo yayitali, ndi yapadziko lapansi, omwe amakhala ndikudya padziko lapansi. Palinso nyama zosakanikirana - zimapezeka mofanana panthambi zamitengo komanso padziko lapansi.
Kuphatikiza pa mitengo italiitali, kufalitsa, mapanga, zigwe, ndi malo ena obisika nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ngati malo ogona, omwe amathandiza kubisalira nyama zodya anzawo ndikubisa ana awo kwa iwo mpaka atakhala olimba ndikukonzekera kuchoka m'malo obisalapo.
Tsopano mukudziwa komwe nyani amakhala. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe amadya.
Kodi nyani amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Monkey pamtengo
Mwachilengedwe, anyani amakhala omnivorous kapena nyama zadyera. Zakudyazo zimatengera subspecies ndi dera lokhalamo.
Zomwe zimakhala ngati chakudya cha ziweto:
- zipatso zatsopano, zowutsa mudyo;
- mphukira zokoma za zomera zobiriwira;
- masamba;
- mbewu;
- inflorescence;
- maluwa;
- mphutsi;
- bowa;
- mtedza;
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Mitundu ina ya anyani imatha kudya kafadala, nyongolotsi, akangaude, mbozi, zokwawa zazing'ono, madzi amchere, abuluzi, abuluzi, ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala nthumwi zazing'ono zomwe zimadya mbalame zazing'ono, zimatha kumwa mazira awo. Anyani pafupifupi samapita kumalo othirira, popeza kusowa kwa thupi kwa madzi kumadzazidwa ndi mitundu yowutsa mudyo yazomera zobiriwira komanso zipatso zakupsa za mitengo yazipatso.
Anyani odyera nthawi zambiri amadulidwa ndi miyendo yawo yakutsogolo ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati manja. Bzalani chakudya chamagulu ena ndi 30-35% yokha yazakudya zamasiku onse. Zakudya zotsalazo zimadzazidwanso ndi mapuloteni, chakudya cha nyama. M'madera ena nyengo yamvula ikafika, zakudya zazomera ndizovuta kuzipeza. Munthawi imeneyi, mulibe zipatso, zipatso ndi mtedza m'nkhalango, savanna. Ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha mitundu yodyetsa ndiwo mbewu. Pafupifupi, kudya kwamasiku onse kwa munthu wamkulu kumachokera pa kilogalamu imodzi mpaka itatu ya chakudya.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Anyani
Mwachilengedwe, anyani ang'onoang'ono amapatsidwa ubongo wanzeru kwambiri, womwe umawonjezera mwayi wawo wopulumuka ndikuwaloleza kuti azolowere kukhala pamikhalidwe iliyonse. Amakhalanso ndi kamvekedwe kosafunikira kwenikweni kuyambira pakubadwa.
Khalidwe la anyani ang'ono ndi ochezeka komanso ochezeka. Mwachibadwa amapatsidwa chidwi. Moyo wamitundu yambiri ndi wosakanikirana: wapadziko lapansi komanso waziphuphu. Ambiri mwa oimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi anyani masana. Amakonda kupumula usiku. Anyani, monga mitundu ina yonse ya anyani, sizachilendo kukhala moyo wawokha. Amakhala pagulu. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali mgululi akhoza kusiyanasiyana: kuyambira anthu 10 mpaka 30. Ena, makamaka magulu akulu amakhala pafupifupi anthu zana kapena kupitilira apo. Mu gulu lirilonse mumakhala wamwamuna yemwe amachita ntchito ya mtsogoleri, mtsogoleri.
Anyani mwachilengedwe amakhala odekha, ochezeka komanso osafuna kuwonetsa nkhanza kwa omwe akuyimira nyama zawo kapena nyama zina. Chosiyana ndi nyengo yoswana, pomwe amuna amamenyera ufulu wawo wokwatirana ndi wamkazi.
Masana, nyama zimangopeza chakudya chawo zokha. Wina amakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka kusamalira ubweya wake. Chifukwa chake, amachotsa tiziromboti ndikusunga malayawo kukhala aukhondo. Usiku, anyani makamaka amapuma. Kugona usiku nthawi zambiri kumakonzedwa m'mapanga, miyala kapena mapiri, korona wa mitengo yama nthambi.
Monga njira yolankhulirana, anyani amapanga mawu osiyanasiyana. Ndi chithandizo chawo, anyani amachenjeza achibale awo za zomwe zingachitike, amadziyitanira kuti athandizidwe, ndi zina zambiri. Tisaiwale kuti phokoso la anyani ndilosiyanasiyana.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mwana wamphongo
Nyani zazimayi zimakhwima pamagulu azaka zapakati pa 3-5. M'badwo uwu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndi oimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yakumasirana nthawi zambiri siyimangokhala nyengo iliyonse ndipo imatha kuchitika chaka chonse. Komabe, m'ma subspecies ena amatha kukhala munthawi ina, kutengera nyengo ya dera lokhalamo.
Wamphongo wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wodziwa zambiri amakhala ndi ufulu wokwatirana ndi wamkazi yemwe amamukonda. Nthawi zina amuna amapikisana okhaokha kuti akhale ndi ufulu wokwatirana nawo. Amuna nthawi zonse amayang'anira yemwe angakhale mnzake. Amamuyang'ana kwakanthawi. Ngati amamukonda ndipo ali wokonzeka kukwatiwa naye, amatsuka ubweya wake. Ichi ndiye chiyambi cha ubale.
Pambuyo pa kukwatira, mimba imachitika. Zimakhala pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi zambiri, mwana m'modzi amabadwa, osakhala awiri. Mamembala ambiri amtunduwu amabala ana zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Kubala nthawi zambiri kumachitika usiku. Akazi amapita kukabereka mitengo, mapanga, kapena zigwembe. Mwana akangobadwa, amayamba kumamatira ubweya wa mayi ndi zala zolimba. Amugwira ndi mchira wake. Ana amabadwa ofooka komanso osowa chochita. Miyezi yoyamba ya moyo, akazi amataya nthawi yochuluka komanso mphamvu kusamalira ana awo. Nthawi yoyamwitsa imatenga pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Ana akamakula pang'ono, amaphunzira kuyendetsa mwachangu ndikukwera msana kwa amayi awo. Pambuyo pake, wamkazi amatuluka nawo pang'ono, ndikuyenda kwakanthawi. Pamene anawo akukula ndi kulimba, akazi omwe ali nawo kumbuyo kwawo amawaphunzitsa momwe angapezere ndi kupeza chakudya, komanso kuwaphunzitsa maluso otetezera. Amayi amaperekanso nthawi yochuluka kuphunzitsa ana kupirira, kuthamanga kwa kukwera mitengo, ndi kulumikizana ndi abale.
Atatha msinkhu, amasiya mabanja awo ndikukhala moyo wodziimira pawokha. Zaka zapakati pazikhalidwe zachilengedwe ndi zaka 16-20.
Adani achilengedwe a nyani
Chithunzi: Momwe nyani amawonekera
M'malo awo okhala, anyani amakhala ndi adani ambiri. Amathandizidwa kuti apulumuke chifukwa chokwera kukwera m'mitengo, kuwonjezera apo, atha kukwera msanga pamapiri ataliatali, ndipo amadziwika ndi kukhazikika.
Adaniwa akuphatikizaponso:
- oimira odyetsa a banja lachilendo - nyalugwe, mikango, nyamazi, akambuku;
- mitundu yodya nyama mbalame zazikulu - ziwombankhanga, ermines, zeze;
- ocelots;
- zokwawa.
Adani a anyani amaphatikizaponso anthu. Zochita zake zimawabera nyumba. Munthu amagwetsa nkhandwe, kuwononga ndikuwononga malo achilengedwe anyani. Kukula kwa madera ochulukirapo kumathandizira kuchepa ndi kuchepa kwa chakudya cha ziweto, chomwe chimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa ziweto.
Anyani mwachilengedwe ndi nyama zokonda kudziwa zambiri komanso zokangalika. Izi nthawi zambiri zimawapha. Anyani amatha kugwira njoka yoopsa, kapena kangaude woopsa, yemwe kuluma kwake nthawi zambiri kumapha nyama zazing'ono. Anyani amathandizanso pakusintha kwanyengo komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe mdera lawo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Monkey monkey
Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa anyani m'malo awo achilengedwe sikubweretsa nkhawa iliyonse. M'nthawi zakale, mafuko a anthu aku Africa adapha anyani ambiri. Amawonedwa ngati onyamula matenda opatsirana owopsa, komanso adawononga kwambiri minda yaulimi.
Anyani amakonda kudya mizu, mbewu, zipatso za mitengo yazipatso, mphukira zazing'ono zamitundumitundu. Mitundu yambiri idadya nyama.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Anthu ambiri ku kontrakitala wa Africa amagwiritsa ntchito nyani ngati othandizira m'nyumba. Anawaphunzitsa ndikuwaphunzitsa momwe angatolere nthochi kapena coconut.
Komabe, ngakhale zili choncho, kuchuluka kwa anyani sikuvutika kwambiri, ndipo ndiwofala m'chilengedwe chifukwa chokhoza kusintha msanga malo okhala. Mitundu yambiri yazinyama ilipo m'mapaki ndi nkhokwe. Nyani Ndi nyama yosangalatsa, yosangalatsa komanso yosangalatsa. Ndiosavuta kuphunzitsa ndikusangalala kucheza ndi anthu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/07/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/28/2019 at 22:41
