Mbalame zamphongo

Aigupto wakale ankawona mpamba kukhala mulungu Horus - woyang'anira woyera wa farao. Mu chikhalidwe cha Inca, mbalameyi imayimira dzuwa. Chikhalidwe cha Asilavo chimadzaza ndimafotokozedwe ake monga chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima ndi ulemu. Kwa anthu aku Turkey, uwu ndi moyo wa mwini wake, womwe sungagulitsidwe kapena kutayika. Ngakhale nthano imodzi imati mphamvu yosagonjetseka ya Khan Tokhtamysh idabisika mwa ma Falcons ake awiri. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona mbalame yosangalatsayi ndikupeza mawonekedwe ake.

Mafotokozedwe abodza

Iyi ndi mbalame yaikulu yamapiko padziko lapansi... Mlenje wakuthwa komanso wolimba, wokhoza kuwona wovulalayo kwa kilomita. Dzina la mbalameyi m'Chilatini limamveka ngati "falco", limachokera ku mawu oti "falx", kutanthauza chikwakwa. Zowonadi, ngati mutayang'ana kabawi akuthawa, mutha kupeza kufanana kwa mapiko ndi chikwakwa.

Maonekedwe

Kabawi ali ndi thupi lamphamvu lokhala ndi mapiko olimba komanso otakata. Chifuwa chachikulu ndi miyendo yolimba. Mlomo uli ndi kapangidwe kosangalatsa: kofupikitsa, kofanana ndi mbedza ndi dzino lakuthwa kumtunda. Amalola mbalame zing'onozing'ono kuswa msana. Dera loyandikira maso lili m'malire ndi mphete yopanda. Mapiko akulu. Mchira wautali, wozungulira. Akuluakulu amasiyana ndi nthenga zazing'ono zouluka. Mu nkhandwe zazing'ono, nthenga zonse ndizifupi komanso zimauluka, ndipo zimaitseguka pothawa. Kwa akuluakulu, nthenga yowuluka ndi yachiwiri yokha, koma ndi yayitali kwambiri.

Oimira ambiri ali ndi magawo awa:

• Kutalika kwa thupi: mpaka 60 cm;
• Wingspan: mpaka 120 cm;
• Mchira: 13-20 cm;
• Zinyama: 4-6 cm;
• Mapiko a mapiko: mpaka 39 cm;
• Kulemera kwake: amuna mpaka magalamu 800, akazi mpaka makilogalamu 1.3.

Ndizosangalatsa! Akazi a Falcon ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa amuna kulemera kwake komanso kukula kwake.

Mtunduwo umasiyanasiyana kwambiri, bulauni kapena imvi yakuda. Mtundu wa makona atatu ukuwonetsedwa pamitambo yakuda mdima. Pakhoza kutulutsa zoyera. Mimba ndi gawo la chifuwa ndi zachikasu, zopingasa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mawanga akuda pa nthenga zouluka. Mutu ndi chipewa chakuda. Nthenga ndi zolimba, zolimbika mwamphamvu ku thupi. Chifukwa chake, samasokoneza mbalame pakuwuluka, koma amathandizira kukulitsa liwiro lina. Pali pafupifupi azungu, mwachitsanzo, pakati pa ma gyrfalcons akumpoto. Pali mdima wakuda kwambiri, pafupifupi fodya wakuda wa peregrine.

Khalidwe ndi moyo

Maola m'mawa ndi madzulo amasankhidwa kuti azisaka. Kawirikawiri amagwira mbalame zazing'ono. Chakufa sichidya konse. Kuti agwire nyama, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zosakira. Amatha kumira pansi mwamphamvu kwambiri, kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba. Amasakasaka bwino akamauluka. Masiku onse amasankha kupumula m'malo ovuta kufikako, kugaya chakudya. Mitengo ndi matanthwe amasankhidwa kuti azikwirirapo. Nthawi zambiri, koma nyumba za mbalame za anthu ena zitha kukhalamo. Iwo samakhala konse pansi.

Ndizosangalatsa! Ma Falcons amakonda kukonza masewera amlengalenga mlengalenga, kuwonetsa kuyendetsa ndi kukongola kwa kuthawa kwawo. Nthawi zambiri, zimawoneka kuti zimanyoza mbalame zina zodya nyama, kudzionetsera.

Amatha kukwera m'mwamba kwambiri, pomwe mbalame zina sizingafikire. Amapanga banja ndipo amateteza mwamphamvu "banja" lawo kuti lisalowerere. Maulendo onse abodza. Komanso, amangoyendayenda osati kokha pakayitanidwe ka chilengedwe, kuti nyengo yachisanu ikhale yabwino. Ena amachita izi pamoyo wawo wonse. Mbalameyi ndi yosavuta kuiluma, mosiyana ndi nyama zina zolusa zomwe zili ndi nthenga.

Samawopa munthu ndipo amatha kukhala pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu... Njira zosakira zabodza ndizosangalatsanso. Oyang'anira mbalame nthawi zambiri amati fodya "amamenya" wovulalayo. Zowonadi, khalidweli ndilofanana. Amagwira nyama mwachangu komanso mwachangu, akuukira kuchokera kumwamba. Amenya mwamphamvu ndi milomo yolumikizidwa. Chimodzi mwa ziphuphu zotere ndikokwanira kupha mbalame yaying'ono.

Nthawi zina, zimawoneka kuti zimawopseza nyama kuchokera pansi, imawuluka kenako mphepoyo imayilumphira mlengalenga. Ngakhale mbalame zofulumira sizimatha kuthawa. Chilombocho chimapita kwa wovulalayo pamtunda wa madigiri 25, kuthamanga mpaka makilomita 100 pa ola limodzi. Izi zimangochitika kuti ma falconi akuwoneka kuti akusewera ndi nyama yawo: amatha "kuphonya" mwadala ndikusiya njira, koma atatembenuka, amapanganso zigawenga zatsopano ndikugwira zomwe akufuna.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mphungu ndi yochenjera kwambiri kuposa mbalame zonse.

Mbalame zimadzipindulitsa kwambiri ku maphunziro ndipo saopa anthu. Mukamapanga maphunziro, onetsetsani kuti mwaphatikizanso masewera am'makalasi. Komabe, musaiwale kuti ngakhale khwimbi amalumikizana bwino - si galu kapena mphaka, koma nyama yowopsa. Amatha kuzolowera mwiniwake komanso kuwonetsa chikondi, komabe amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera kuchokera kwa munthuyo polumikizana.

Kodi nkhwimbi zimakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji

Pafupifupi, chiyembekezo cha moyo ndi zaka 15-16. Koma ena amakhala ndi zaka 25.

Mitundu ya falcons

Banja la falcon limaphatikizapo mibadwo 11. Mwa iwo:

• Mbadwo wa 5: wakuda, wamphongo wofiyira, phiri, karanchi, phokoso.
• Ziphuphu. Mbadwo wa 6: kuseka, nkhalango, nyenyezi yaying'ono yaku America, yaying'ono, yaying'ono, mbalame (Falco).

Mwa awa, mtundu wa falcons (Falco) ndiye wamkulu komanso wowerengeka kwambiri. Mulinso magawo ang'onoang'ono makumi anayi, omwe atha kugawidwa m'magulu akulu a oimira:

1. Achibale - mbalame zazing'ono, zowirira zofiira. Palinso ma grays, koma makamaka ku Africa. Amadziwika kuti alenje. Pali mitundu 12: Madagascar, Seychelles, Mauritian, Moluccan, ndevu zakuda, zofala, zazikulu, nkhandwe, steppe, imvi, mizere, passerine;
2. Othandizira - mbalame yayikulu komanso yopyapyala yokhala ndi nthenga zakuda ndi nthenga zakuda patsaya. Pali mitundu isanu padziko lapansi: Eleanor's Hobby, African, Common, Oriental ndi Australia;
3. Ziphuphu Ndilo gulu loyimira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza siliva, madzulo, mawere ofiyira, New Zealand, zofiirira, zotuwa, zakuda, Mediterranean, Altai, Mexico, zazifupi;
4. Turumti ndikaya nkhandwe wofiira – mbalame yapakatikati, yokhala ndi chipewa chofiyira njerwa pamutu pake. Zimasokoneza ku India ndi Africa.
5. Kobchik - kabawi kakang'ono, kofanana kwambiri ndi magawo ndi machitidwe a kestrel. Kulemera sikudutsa magalamu 200. Mlomo ndi waufupi komanso wosalimba. Amadyetsa tizilombo tokha zazikulu zokha. Idya agulugufe, ziwala, dzombe ndi mbozi zazikulu mosangalala. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti akhwangwala amasankha "nyumba" zosiyidwa ngati chisa. Amatha kukhala m'magulu a oimira 100. Zimasamukanso pagulu.
6. Zamgululi - amakhala makamaka kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe. Mitundu yaying'ono, yolimba ndi mapiko afupiafupi, akuthwa ndi mchira wautali. Amakhala m'zigwa za mitsinje, zigoba za sphagnum. Amapewa nkhalango zowirira komanso nkhalango zakuda. Amadyetsa makamaka mbalame zazing'ono. A subspecies osowa omwe amatha kupanga zisa pansi.
7. Laggar - mbalame yayikulu, yayikulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito posaka. Zimadya mbalame zina zazing'ono. Komanso imasaka gophers, hares.
8. Saker Falcon - wogawidwa ku Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, China. Imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zoopsa kwambiri. Amakula mpaka masentimita 60. Mapiko otambasulawo amakhala mita imodzi ndi theka. Imafanana kwambiri ndi nkhono ya peregrine, koma imasiyana mumthunzi wowala komanso mawonekedwe a mapiko.
9. Merlin - osowa komanso akulu kwambiri amphamba. Kukula, mapikowo ndi atali komanso akuthwa. Yaimuna imalemera pafupifupi 1 kg. chachikazi pafupifupi 2 kg. Imasiyana ndi kabawi wa peregrine mchira wautali. Kugawidwa ku Europe, Asia, North America. Pali magawo ena osiyana a gyrfalcons ku Altai. Kuphatikizidwa ndi Red Book.
10. Nkhono yopezeka Ndi mbalame yofulumira kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mbalame yayikulu, yoyimira yoyimira mtundu wa falcon. Kugawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula ku Antarctica;
11. Shahin - amatchedwanso nkhono zachipululu chifukwa chokonda moyo wawo m'chipululu. Zocheperako kuposa mphamba wa peregrine kukula. Mtunduwo umakhala wofiyira kwambiri, ocher shades. Mzimayi amalemera pafupifupi theka la amuna. Kulemera kwazimayi kumafika magalamu 765, amuna nthawi zambiri amalemera magalamu 300-350. Mitundu yomwe ikutha.

Ndizosangalatsa! Falcon - Gyrfalcon amawonetsedwa pamikono yaku Kyrgyzstan. Ndipo ndalama zaku Kazakh tenge 500 zikuwonetsera kabawi - Saker Falcon.

Malo okhala, malo okhala

Mbalame zolusa izi zimakhala pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula mitengo yakumpoto ndi kumwera. Achinyamata okha ndi omwe amathawira nthawi yozizira. Anthu okhwima amakhala panyumba, akusuntha nyengo yozizira pafupi ndi madamu. Amakonda madera komanso mapululu. Ma Gyrfalcons amakonda madera akumpoto kwamayiko akumpoto. Ku Ulaya, mapiri ndi mapiri ambiri ndi otchuka. Amphamba achi Peregine amayendayenda pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse ndipo amapezeka kulikonse padziko lapansi.

Zakudya za Falcon

Amadya mbalame zazing'ono, makoswe, tizilombo. Itha kudyetsa achule, njoka, ndipo nthawi zina nsomba. Amadyetsa nyama zonse zamagazi ofunda zomwe ndizocheperako. Wogwirayo alibe mwayi wozindikira kabawi pasadakhale ndipo, komanso, kuti athawe. Mlomo wa mbedzawo umenya mwamphamvu, kenako mbalameyo ikung'amba nyama ija.

Zofunika! Mu ukapolo, ndikofunikira kudyetsa masewerawa, apo ayi nkhwazi imatha kudwala kwambiri.

Kuti kagayidwe kazakudya kasasokonezedwe, mbalame zambiri zimafuna nthenga ndi mafupa ang'onoang'ono. Mwachilengedwe, kudya nyama yonse, amapeza zonse zomwe amafunikira nthawi yomweyo. Patangopita maola ochepa mutatha kudya, pakhanda limapangidwa - izi ndi zinyalala zomwe mbalameyi imabwezeretsanso.

Mbalame zathanzi zimayenera kukhala ndi tizikwama tokhazikika tomwe timakhala opanda magazi komanso zonunkhira. Zakudya zapakhomo, mbewa, makoswe, ndi mbalame zazing'ono zimapatsidwa zathunthu popanda khungu. Amadyetsedwa kutengera msinkhu. Wamkulu mbalame, ndiye kawirikawiri amafunikira kudyetsedwa.

• Ali ndi zaka ziwiri - pafupifupi kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku. Poterepa, muyenera kupereka tizidutswa tating'onoting'ono ta nyama tonyowa munthawi yochepa ya mchere. Amachita izi kutsanzira malovu a mayi, omwe amathandiza mwana wankhuku kugaya moyenera.
• Mpaka mwezi - pafupifupi kasanu patsiku;
• Mpaka mwezi umodzi ndi theka - nthawi 3-4;
• Mpaka nthenga zonse - kudyetsa kawiri patsiku.

Kubereka ndi ana

Falconi ndi amuna okhaokha... Banjali limapangidwa nthawi yokwatirana. Mbalame zomwe zimakhala kumwera kwa hemisphere, zimatenga nthawi kuyambira Julayi mpaka Ogasiti. Koma kwa oimira kumpoto kwachinyengo, masikuwo amasinthidwa: kuyambira February mpaka Marichi. Kuvina kosakanikirana kumachitika kumwamba kumene. Nthawi zambiri wamwamuna amapereka mphatso kwa mkazi mumlomo wake paulendo wapaulendo komanso wothamanga kwambiri. Nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kuwona momwe chachikazi ndi chachimuna chimathamangira pansi mwachangu, ndikumata zikhadabo. Chifukwa chake, amatha kuwuluka mpaka 10 mita.

Malo obisalira asankhidwe mosamala. Ma nook otetezeka amasankhidwa. Mkazi amaikira mazira ofiira anayi. Amakhulupirira kuti polemeretsa amayi, amaperekanso ana ambiri. Mazirawo amasamalidwa ndi makolo onse awiri motsatana. Makulitsidwe amatha pafupifupi mwezi.

Ndizosangalatsa! Chiwerengero cha anapiye amtsogolo mu chisa chimadalira kukwanira kwa zakudya: zikachulukirachulukira, mazira amaikidwa kwambiri.

Falcons ndi makolo osamala. Anapiye amatetezedwa poteteza chisa mwamphamvu. Koma, akakola atakula, pafupifupi mwezi umodzi atabadwa, nthawi yomweyo amayenera kuchoka pachisa. Kupanda kutero, pali chiopsezo chotenga chiwawa kuchokera kwa makolo awo, omwe amawona ngati opikisana mwachilengedwe ndi achinyamata. Kukula msinkhu kwa mbalamezi kumachitika mchaka chimodzi.

Adani achilengedwe

Falcon ili ndi adani angapo. Izi ndi pafupifupi nyama zonse zazikulu. Kadzidzi ndi wowopsa kwa iwo. Nkhandwe ndi martens, weasels ndi ferrets zimaba zisa, zimadya anapiye. Koma mdani wamkulu wa nkhandwe ndi munthu amene amawononga zachilengedwe, amawononga zosangalatsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ziphe kulima madera olimapo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Pakadali pano, gyrfalcon imaphatikizidwa mu Red Book, monga mtundu womwe ukucheperako... Falta ya Altai ili pachiwopsezo chotha. Palibe chidziwitso chodalirika chakuti anthu amtundu wa Altai falcon omwe ali padziko lapansi pano ali oyera.

Zofunika! Saker falcon, peregrine falcon ndi kestrel nawonso ali pachiwopsezo.

Falcon amadziwika ndi munthu kwanthawi yayitali. Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati msaki wabwino kwambiri: wowona bwino, wamphamvu komanso wofulumira mphezi. Kwa nthawi yayitali, mbalameyi inali bwenzi lokhulupirika la anthu omwe amapeka nthano zonena za iyo, odzipereka komanso opembedza ngati mulungu wamoyo. Mafumu akumlengalenga, zolusa zowopsa komanso osaka owononga - zonsezi ndi ma falcons.

Kanema wa Falcon

Onerani kanemayo: Galo cantando (November 2024).