Zowononga nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa omwe amadya nyama, osati masamba. Mbalame zodya nyama ndi alenje. Koma si asaka onse omwe amadziwika kuti ndi odyetsa, chifukwa mbalame zambiri zimadya nyama.
Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zing'onozing'ono zimadya tizilombo kapena kudyetsa anapiye awo. Ngakhale mbalame za hummingbird zimadya tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ndi akangaude. Terns, gulls and herons amadya nsomba, ndiye mungadziwe bwanji mbalame wamba kuchokera kwa adani?
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mbalame zodya nyama ndi ma morpholoji amthupi (zikhadabo zamphamvu ndi mulomo, zosinthidwa kuti zigwire, kupha ndi kudya nyamayo) komanso kutha kusaka pothawa. Kukula kwawo kumasiyanasiyana ndi 60 gr. mpaka 14 kg.
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 287 ya mbalame zodya nyama padziko lapansi, ndipo akatswiri amazisanja mosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi kachitidwe kamodzi ka magawo, adagawika m'magulu awiri:
- Zinyama (falconiformes);
- Strigiformes (akadzidzi).
Malamulo onsewa ali ndi mawonekedwe awiri akulu omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa: zikhadabo zamphamvu ndi milomo yolumikizidwa.
Ma Falconiform nthawi zambiri amakhala masana (amagwira ntchito masana), Kadzidzi nthawi zambiri amakhala usiku (amakhala usiku).
Malamulo awiriwa a mbalame sagwirizana, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana pakusaka.
Oimira magulu onse awiriwa amapezeka mdera la Russia.
Strigiformes (kadzidzi)
Kusintha kwa kadzidzi ku zochitika zachilengedwe ndizodabwitsa. Oimira awo amapezeka pafupifupi kumadera onse a Russia - kuchokera kudera la Arctic kupita ku steppe. Mwambiri, owonera mbalame ali pafupifupi mitundu 18, yomwe ndi 13% mwa zonse zomwe zimadziwika padziko lapansi. Chofala kwambiri:
Phulusa kapena kadzidzi woyera
Kadzidzi
Kadzidzi wamfupi
Kadzidzi Hawk
Ussuri owl
Upland Owl
Madzi a mpheta
Kadzidzi khola
Zinyama (falconiformes)
Kudera la Russia, pali mitundu 46 ya mbalame zomwe zimadya nthawi zina. M'nkhalango ndi m'mapiri, zofala kwambiri ndi izi:
Mphungu yagolide
Goshawk
Merlin
Saker Falcon
Nkhono yotulutsa peregine
Pakati, mungapeze, pakati pa ena:
Kutulutsa
Khungubwe wamba
Buluzi
Mphungu yoyera
Falcon
Oimira akuluakulu amachimake omwe amapezeka mdera la Russia ndi awa:
Mbalame yakuda
Mphungu yam'madzi ya Steller
Mbalame yakuda ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi yolembedwa mu Red Book. Malo awo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi malo amapiri komanso mapiri, ngakhale kuti amapezeka m'mapiri akuluakulu.
Kulemera kwa mbalame kumakhala pakati pa 5-14 kg. Kutalika kwa thupi kumafika 120 cm, ndipo mapiko ake amakhala pafupifupi mita zitatu. Nthengazo ndi zofiirira. Mbali yapadera ndi yoyera pansi yomwe imaphimba khosi ndi mutu wa mbalameyo, mtundu wa mkanda kumunsi kwa khosi, komwe kumapangidwa ndi nthenga zosongoka ndi miyendo yachikaso.
Mbalame zimauluka pang'onopang'ono, zimawoneka ngati zikuuluka pamwamba pa nthaka, ndikupanga phokoso lachete ngati laphokoso.
Chiwombankhanga cha Steller chimatchedwa mtundu wake wapamwamba. Mbalameyo palokha ndi yakuda, koma mchira, mapewa, croup, m'chiuno ndi pamphumi ndi zoyera mowala. Nyama yamphamvu iyi yolemera mpaka 9 kg imalembedwanso mu Red Book.
Zimaganiziridwa kuti ziwombankhanga zimaberekanso ku Far Eastern Russia, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zilumba zoyandikana ndi Okhotsk ndi Bering Sea. Chiwerengero chawo chachikulu chimapezeka pachilumba cha Kamchatka.
M'nyengo yozizira iliyonse, ziwombankhanga zina za m'nyanja ya Steller zimasamuka kuchokera komwe zimaswana kupita ku Japan, ndipo zina zimakafika ku Korea kapena kupitirira apo. Anthu ena samasamuka, koma amangosunthira m'madzi otseguka nthawi yachisanu.
Madzi otseguka amapatsa ziombankhanga chakudya chawo chachikulu m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyanja, chifukwa chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi nsomba. Salimoni ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha mphungu m'malo oberekera.
