Amphibians a Red Book la Russia

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Chakudya cha ku Caucasus (Bufo verrucosissimus)

Amphibians amakhala m'mapiri mpaka kumapiri. Anthuwa ndi akulu ndithu, kutalika kwa thupi la tozi kumatha kufikira masentimita 19. Pamwambapa, thupi la nthumwi ya banja lopanda mchira lili ndi imvi kapena bulauni yofiirira yokhala ndi mawanga akuda. Zotengera za parotid "zimakongoletsedwa" ndi mzere wachikaso. Khungu liri ndi ziphuphu zazikuluzikulu (makamaka zophuka zazikulu zili kumbuyo). Kutuluka kuchokera kumtunda kwa khungu ndi koopsa. Mimba ya oimira amphibiya imatha kukhala yotuwa kapena yachikaso. Monga mwalamulo, amuna amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi ndipo amakhala ndi zikwati zokhala ndi zala zakumapazi zakumbuyo.

Mtanda wa Caucasus (Pelodytes caucasicus)

Mitundu iyi ya amphibiya ili ndi "kuchepa". Achule amakula pang'ono ndikuwoneka okongola. Yemwe akuyimira banja lopanda mchira amakhala m'nkhalango zowirira zodetsa mitengo. Chule amayesa kukhala wosawonekera, wosamala, makamaka wokangalika mumdima. Pathupi mutha kuwona zojambula pamtundu wa mtanda wa oblique (chifukwa chake dzina "mtanda"). Mimba ya amphibiyani imvi, khungu lakumbuyo ndi lotupa. Amuna amakula kuposa akazi ndipo amasintha mdima nthawi yakumasirana. Akazi ali ndi chiuno chochepa thupi komanso khungu loterera.

Mbozi ya bango (Bufo calamita)

Amphibian ndi imodzi mwazitsamba zazing'ono kwambiri komanso zomveka kwambiri. Anthu amakonda kukhala m'malo ouma, otenthedwa bwino, makamaka m'malo otseguka. Misoti imagwira ntchito usiku, ikudya nyama zopanda mafupa. Mawu a amphibian wamwamuna amatha kumveka makilomita angapo kutali. Ali ndi mimba yoyera imvi, mwana wamaso wopingasa, ma gland oyenda ozungulira, ndi ma tubercles ofiira. Pamwambapa, oimira opanda zingwe amakhala ndi maolivi kapena khungu lamchenga wamtundu wa imvi, lomwe nthawi zambiri limasungunuka ndi mawanga. Ziphuphu za bango sizisambira bwino ndipo sizingadumphe mmwamba.

Newt wamba (Triturus vulgaris)

Amakhala amodzi mwazing'ono kwambiri, chifukwa amakula mpaka masentimita 12. Common newt imakhala ndi khungu losalala kapena losalala bwino lofiira, labuluu-wobiriwira kapena wachikasu. Kapangidwe ka mano akusanza amafanana ndi mizere yofanana. Mbali ya amphibians ndi mzere wakuda wakutali wodutsa m'maso. Newts molt sabata iliyonse. Amuna ali ndi chisa, chomwe chimakula nthawi yokolola ndipo chimakhala chiwalo chowonjezera cha kupuma. Thupi la amuna limakutidwa ndi mawanga akuda. Kutalika kwa moyo wa amphibians ndi zaka 20-28.

Siriya Garlic (Pelobates syriacus)

Malo okhala adyo waku Suriya amadziwika kuti ndi magombe a akasupe, mitsinje, mitsinje yaying'ono. Amphibians ali ndi khungu losalala, maso akulu otupa a hue wagolide. Monga lamulo, akazi amakula kuposa amuna. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa anthu ndi 82 mm. Nthawi yomweyo, udzu wa adyo umatha kubowola pansi mpaka masentimita 15. Mutha kukumana ndi nyama zapadera zomwe zalembedwa mu Red Book m'malo olimapo, tchire ndi theka-chipululu, nkhalango zowala ndi milu. Kumbuyo kwa amphibiya pali malo akuluakulu obiriwira obiriwira kapena wachikasu. Mapazi akumbuyo ali ndi zokopa zazikulu.

Newt Karelinii (Triturus karelinii)

Triton Karelin amakhala kumapiri ndi m'nkhalango. Pakubala, zilombo za mchira zimatha kusunthira kumadambo, m'madziwe, matupi amadzi ndi nyanja. Woimira amphibiya ali ndi thupi lalikulu lokutidwa ndi mawanga akulu akuda kwambiri. Anthu amakula mpaka 130 mm, ndipo m'nyengo yokwatirana, kakhonde kotsika kokhala ndi notches kamayamba kukula. Mimba ya newt ndi yachikaso chowala, nthawi zina imakhala yofiira. Mbali iyi ya thupi imakhala yosasintha ndipo nthawi zina mawanga akuda amawonekera. Amuna ali ndi mikwingwirima ya ngale m'mbali mwa mchira. Mzere wopapatiza, wofanana ndi ulusi ukhoza kuwoneka m'mbali mwake.

Newt ya ku Asia Minor (Triturus vittatus)

Newt yamizeremizere imakonda kukhala pamalo okwera mpaka 2750 m pamwamba pamadzi. Amphibians amakonda madzi ndipo amadya nyama zakutchire, molluscs, ndi mphutsi. Asia Minor newt ili ndi mchira wokulirapo, khungu losalala kapena lakuthwa pang'ono, zala zazitali ndi miyendo. M'nyengo yokhwima, zamphongo zimawonekera ndi lokwera kwambiri, losokonezedwa pafupi ndi mchira. Anthu ali ndi mtundu wobwerera wamkuwa wa azitona wokhala ndi mawanga akuda, mzere wonyezimira wokongoletsedwa ndi mizere yakuda. Mimba nthawi zambiri imakhala yachikasu-chikaso, ilibe mawanga. Akazi amakhala achikuda pafupifupi mofananira, amakula ocheperako kuposa amuna (mpaka 15 cm).

Ussuri clawed newt (Onychodactylus fischeri)

Amphibiya otalikirapo amakula mpaka mamilimita 150 ndipo amalemera osapitirira 13.7 g M'nyengo yotentha, anthu amakhala pansi pamiyala, pamiyala, m'malo osiyanasiyana. Usiku, nyerere zimagwira ntchito pamtunda ndi m'madzi. Akuluakulu salamanders amakhala ofiira kapena owoneka ofiira amtundu wakuda. Mawonekedwe a amphibians - kuwala kwapadera komwe kumakhala kumbuyo. Thupi limakongoletsedwa ndi ma grooves m'mbali. Ziphuphu za Ussuriysk zimakhala ndi mchira wautali, wonenepa komanso mano ang'onoang'ono ozungulira. Anthu alibe mapapu. Amphibians ali ndi zala zisanu kumbuyo kwake, ndi zinayi kutsogolo.

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Onerani kanemayo: Target - UPSC Prelims 2020 Series. Current Affairs. November 2019. 55 Important Topics (November 2024).