Ndichizolowezi kupanga malingaliro abuluzi molingana ndi imvi kapena zobiriwira zobiriwira zomwe tazolowera. Amakonda kutchulidwa mu "Ural Tales" za P.Bazhov ngati mnzake wa Mfumukazi ya Phiri la Copper. Amamuyitana nimble buluzi kapena agile, ndipo ndi banja la abuluzi enieni. Tidamuwona kuthengo kapena kunja kwa mzinda.
Ndi yaying'ono, yoyenda kwambiri, ya miyendo inayi, yokhala ndi mchira wautali wosinthasintha, womwe umatulutsa nthawi ndi nthawi, nthawi zambiri pambuyo povutika. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, imakula. Nawa mikhalidwe yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya data ya zokwawa. Dzinalo "buluzi" titha kuliganiza kuti latengedwa kuchokera ku lingaliro "mwachangu" mchilankhulo cha Agiriki, Asilavo ndi anthu ena ambiri.
Koma mawonekedwe abuluzi ambiri sangafanane ndi izi, m'dziko lawo lakale pali mitundu yambiri. Ali ndi zisa, zotupa, zikwama zapakhosi, zonunkhira, ndipo pali mitundu yopanda miyendo konse. Komabe, Kuwonekera kwa abuluzi chosavuta kuzindikira, chovuta kusokoneza nyama ina.
Apa pali chivundikiro chowuma, ndi mano omwe amapanga gawo limodzi ndi nsagwada, ndi zikope zoyenda. Malinga ndi zomwe zaposachedwa, tsopano pali mitundu 6332, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa m'mabanja 36, okhala ndi infraorder 6.
Ngakhale mutangolemba Mayina a mitundu ya abuluzi, njirayi itenga nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tidziwe zitsanzo zina zosangalatsa. Infraorder yayikulu kwambiri, Iguaniformes, imaphatikizapo mabanja 14.
Agamaceae
Awa ndi abuluzi amasiku apakatikati, komanso palinso anthu ochepa kwambiri. Amakhala pansi, m'mitengo, m'mabowo, m'madzi, ndipo ena zimauluka. Amakhala ku Eurasia, Australia ndi Africa. Amakhala kulikonse kupatula m'malo ozizira kwambiri. Tiyeni tione mitundu ina ya zamoyozi.
- Spinytail anasankha gawo lakumpoto kwa Africa, Near ndi Middle East, mbali ya India ndi Pakistan. Ali ndi matupi otambalala mpaka kukula kwa masentimita 75. Mutuwu ndiwofewa, mchira ndi wokutika komanso wosakhala wautali, onse okutidwa ndi mitsempha yopindika, yomwe adadzipatsa dzina. Mtunduwo umabisala, mtundu wa mchenga wakuda kapena alumina. Mitundu yonse ya 15 imadziwika.
- Buluzi amakhala ku Australia ndi New Guinea Amphibolurina, maina onse akumaloko akuphatikizira mawu oti "chinjoka" - chinjoka chaku scallop, kotentha, nkhalango, ndevu (atapanikizika, nsagwada zawo zakumunsi zimasanduka zakuda, zikuwoneka ngati ndevu), zopanda makutu, ndi zina zambiri. Mwachidziwikire, mawonekedwe awo akunja adayambitsa mayina oterewa.
Ambiri mwa iwo amakongoletsedwa ndi minga, ndipo buluu wokazinga (Chlamydosaurus)Mwachitsanzo, ili ndi mawonekedwe owopsa kwathunthu. Mutu wake wazunguliridwa ndi chikopa chachikulu chachikopa ngati kolala, ndipo amaukweza ngati seyala ngati ali wokondwa. Ili ndi kukula kwa pafupifupi mita, mtundu wamoto wa terracotta, mano akuthwa ndi zikhadabo. Kuphatikizidwa, izi zimapangitsa chidwi.
- Zikuwoneka ngati zosowa kwenikweni moloki - "mdierekezi waminga" (Moloki). Dzinalo polemekeza mulungu wachikunja wadyera, wofuna kupereka anthu nsembe, akuwonetsa kuti fanizoli likuwoneka lowopsa. Thupi lake lonse limakutidwa ndi minyewa yopindika, ndipo pamwamba pamaso, zophukira izi zimawoneka ngati nyanga. Ndipo iye, monga bilimankhwe, akhoza kusintha mtundu. Koma osati ngati kubisa, koma pamikhalidwe ndi thanzi. Kukula kokha kwa thupi kumadzipopa, kuli pafupifupi 22 cm.
- Ena amakhala osiyana ndi ena Zinyama zamadzi (Phusignathus). Sakhala ku Australia, koma ku Southeast Asia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam ndi China. M'Chigiriki, dzina lawo limamveka ngati "nsagwada zotupa", ndipo timawadziwa Chinjoka chamadzi achi China... Amatha kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali, amagwiritsa ntchito mchira wawo posambira. Ambiri mwa anthuwa amakhala kunyumba.
Ku Russian Federation akukhala:
- Caucasian Agama (zamtunduwu Phiri la Asia), imatha kukumbatirana ndikuphwanya thupi. Ndipo ndizosatheka kuti amuchotse kumeneko, chifukwa thupi lake lonse ndi lokutidwa zolimba mamba ang'onoang'ono, opindika.
- steppe agama... Mwana uyu ndi wa 12cm kutalika ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe obisika amtundu wa maolivi-azitona. Koma pakatentha kwambiri kapena pambuyo povutika, zimasintha kwambiri. Ndipo apa kusiyana kwakugonana kumawonekera nthawi yomweyo. Amuna amtundu wakuda wakuda buluu, wakuda kumbuyo kwake, mchira wokha umakhala ndi mthunzi wa dzira. Ndipo zazikazi ndizoyera-zobiriwira kapena zobiriwira zobiriwira, zokhala ndi mawanga akuda a lalanje kumbuyo.
- mutu wozungulira - buluzi yaying'ono mpaka 14 cm ndi mchira. Okhala steppe ndi m'chipululu zigawo (Kazakhstan, Kalmykia, steppes a Stavropol, Astrakhan ndi Volgograd zigawo). Pakamwa pake pali mawonekedwe osanja, omwe adadzitcha dzina. Chidwi kwambiri, miyala ndi zinthu zina zosadyedwa nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mimba.
- mutu wa takyr - komanso wokhala m'zipululu. Ali ndi thupi lathyathyathya komanso lotakata, mchira waufupi komanso zamangamanga m'mayendedwe abuluu-pinki. Mbali yapadera ndi mbiri yayikulu ya mphutsi, nsagwada zakumtunda zimangodutsa pakamwa.
- mutu wozungulira - "chilombo chathu chokongola". Mu mkhalidwe wodekha, imawoneka bwino - mtundu wa mchenga wamtambo komanso mchira wautali kwambiri. Koma ngati pangozi, kusinthika kumachitika - amakhala pamalo owopseza, kupsyinjika, kufalitsa zikhomo zake, kudzitukumula. Kenako imatsegula mkamwa mwake mopyapyala wonyezimira, ndikumakulitsa chifukwa cha khola loteteza, ngati makutu akulu. A mkokomo woopsa ndi mchira wopindika umamaliza ntchitoyi, kukakamiza adani kuti athawe.
Zinyama
Tonsefe timadziwa kuti anthu okhala pamitengoyi amatha kusintha mtundu wa matupi awo kuti agwirizane ndi malo omwe ali. Izi ndichifukwa cha khungu. Lili ndi mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana m'maselo apadera a nthambi - chromatchire... Ndipo, kutengera kuchepa kwawo, mbewu za inki zimagawidwanso, ndikupanga mthunzi "wofunidwa".
Kukwaniritsa chithunzichi ndikubwezeretsanso kuwala kwa khungu pakhungu guanine - chinthu chomwe chimapereka utoto wonyezimira wa ngale. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 30 cm, kokha kwakukulu kumakula kupitirira masentimita 50. Amakhala ku Africa, Middle East, kumwera kwa Europe ndi India.
Tawonedwa ku California, Florida ndi Hawaii. Kunyumba, nthawi zambiri amaweta Yemeni ndipo panther chameleons (okhala ku Madagascar). Yoyamba amawerengedwa kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri m'banja, mpaka 60cm. Mawanga a dzuwa amabalalika pa "kapinga" wobiriwira wammbali.
Mutu umakongoletsedwa ndi chipeso. Mchira wolimba kumapeto kopingasa kumapeto wapindika kukhala mphete. Otsatirawa amakula mpaka 52 cm, amakhala ndi mtundu wokongola wa emarodi wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawanga. Zingasinthe mithunzi kukhala yofiira njerwa. Amakonda nyengo yotentha komanso yachinyezi. Amakhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka zinayi.
Kolala
Anthu okhala ku North America. Alibe zinthu zambiri zomwe zimafanana ndi infraorder iguana-ngati kotenga nthiti kumbuyo, chikwama cha mmero, chikopa cha rostral, mitsempha ndi zotuluka, mamba m'makutu ndi zala. Chifukwa chake, adachotsedwa m'banja la iguana, ndikuwakweza kukhala banja lawo. Chosiyanitsa ndi kupezeka kwa kolala yowoneka motley.
Iguana
Amakhala ku America, komanso pazilumba za Fiji, Galapagos ndi Caribbean. Pakati pawo, zikuluzikulu amadziwika iguana weniweni - mpaka 2 mita kutalika. Amasiyanitsidwa chithu mano ogundana mbali imodzi ndi mafupa a nsagwada. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, dzino lotayika posachedwa limalowedwa m'malo ndi lina lomwe lakula. Mwayi wotere nthawi zambiri umapezeka mwa mamembala ena, koma osati Agamas.
Zophimbidwa
Banja la Monotypic lomwe limakhala kuzilumba za West Indies ndi Florida. Amatha kupotoza mchira wawo kuti uzungulira. Dzinali linaperekedwa pamzere wakuda wakuda womwe umayenda kuchokera kumphuno kudzera m'maso. Ambiri mwa banja ili iguana wamba wobisikakukhala ku Haiti.
Anole
Okhala ku America ndi ku Caribbean. Amakhala ndi thupi laling'ono laling'ono, nthawi zambiri mtundu wa udzu wachichepere kapena wakufa, ndi zala zazitali. Amuna ali ndi thumba lofiira pammero, lomwe limadzaza ndikutuluka nthawi yakumasirana kapena pakagwa ngozi. Chifukwa cha ichi, ambiri aiwo amatchedwa red-pakhosi... Itha kusintha mtundu kutengera momwe zilili.
Corytophanidae
Amakhala pakatikati pa North ndi North South America. Amatchedwa chisoti kapena chisoti chamutu pamapangidwe apadera amutu ndi mphanda wopita kumchira. Pali angapo pakati pawo zipilala... Sizikudziwika chifukwa chomwe adatchulidwira ndi cholengedwa chanthano chomwe chimazizira ndikuwona.
Mwina kuthekera kokuyang'ana kwa nthawi yayitali osaphethira. Kapenanso kuthekera kothamanga pamadzi, kutembenuka mwachangu ndi ma paws. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kufikira liwiro la 12 km / h. Mabanja otsala mu infraorder iyi amakhalanso ku America. Chotsatira infraorder - Nalimata - muli mabanja 7.
Makosi
Nalimata zonse zimasiyanitsidwa ndi abuluzi ena ndi awo karyotype (magulu apadera a ma chromosomes), komanso minofu yapadera mdera lamakutu. Alibe mabwalo oyenda kwakanthawi. Kuphatikiza apo, nalimata ambiri amakhala ndi zala zolimba komanso zazitali zokutidwa ndi tsitsi labwino.
Izi zimawathandiza kuti aziyenda paliponse paliponse. Kuganizira mitundu ya abuluzi pachithunzichi, nthawi yomweyo nalimata amadziwika. Nthawi zambiri amajambulidwa pagalasi ngakhale padenga. Nsonga ya nalimata yaing'ono yolemera 50 g imatha kunyamula katundu wolemera 2 kg.
Ku Russian Federation akukhala:
- nalimata wonyinyirika, wokhala pang'ono masentimita 8 m'derali pafupi ndi phiri la Bolshoy Bogdo m'chigawo cha Astrakhan, wopatsidwa malo osungira Bogdinsko-Baskunchak. Wolemba mu Red Book. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala kofanana ndi kutalika kwa mchira - zonse pafupifupi masentimita 4. Okutidwa ndi masikelo a granular. Imapangidwa utoto wonyezimira wokhala ndi zokutira zafumbi, m'mimba ndikopepuka. Kumbuyo kuli mizere isanu ikuluikulu yopingasa yofiirira.
- cascian nalimata kapena wochepa thupi. Pali subspecies yokhazikika komanso yayikulu. Imagwira usana ndi usiku. Amakonda malo athanthwe, amabisala m'maenje ambewa.
- imvi kapena nsagwada ya Rousson, timakhala ku Kazakhstan ndi ku Ciscaucasia. Zitsanzo zazing'ono kwambiri, 5m kutalika ndi mchira.
Eublefar
Zokwawa zokongola za usiku. Thupi lonse limasindikizidwa ndi nyalugwe - mawanga akuda ndi mabanga amwazikana pambiri. Amakhala ku Asia, Africa ndi America.
Zamgululi
Zokwawa zopanda kanthu ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi njoka. Komabe, amapanga phokoso m'malo modandaula. Zazikulu kwambiri zimakula mpaka 1.2 m, zing'onozing'ono - mpaka masentimita 15. Amachokera ku udzu mpaka peat. Amakhala makamaka ku Australia ndi New Guinea. Kusokoneza kusinkhasinkha mulinso mabanja 7
Mipira ya lamba
Chophimbidwa ndi masikelo akulu, momwe mulinso khansa (chachiwiri ossification). Amakula kwambiri kumbuyo kuposa pamimba. Kumbuyo kwake kumakutidwa ndi mitsempha, ndipo pamimba pake pali zishango zosalala. Mchira wonse umakongoletsedwa ndi mphete zowuluka ngati malamba. Amakhala ku Africa.
Abuluzi enieni
Amakhala ku Europe ndi Asia, komanso ku Japan, Indonesia ndi Africa. Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe ikukhala ku United States (abuluzi akumakoma). Ku Russian Federation khalani: Alpine, miyala, Caucasian, Dagestan, Artvin, dambo, abuluzi aku Georgia, komanso abulu apansi ndi pakamwa - Mongolia, mitundu yambiri, ozungulira, gobi, othamanga, achangu, apakati, amizeremizere, mutu wochepa kwambiri wa njoka, Amur ndi Korea. buluzi wa viviparous.
Mtundu wotsirizawu umapezeka ngakhale kumadera akumadzulo, chifukwa sachedwa kuzizira. M'nyengo yozizira, amapita mobisa mpaka masentimita 40. Amasambira bwino. Mano ang'onoang'ono sangathe kutafuna chakudya chama protein, chifukwa chake amameza mphutsi, tizilombo ndi nkhono zathunthu.
Kusinkhasinkha
Amakhala kulikonse kupatula ku Antarctica. Okhala ndi masikelo osalala ngati nsomba. Mabwalo akanthawi kwakanthawi amakula bwino. Pakati pawo pali oimira otchuka monga Maso amtundu wabuluu - chachikulu kapena tilikvah. Amakhala ku Australia komanso kuzilumba za Oceania.
Kukula kwawo si kochititsa chidwi - mpaka masentimita 50. Koma thupi ndi lotakata kwambiri komanso lamphamvu. Kukhudza kwamunthu payekha ndi lilime lotambalala, lakuya kwambiri. Mwina izi ndi zotsatira za zakudya. Amakonda kudya nkhono ndi zomera.
Pakati pa ma skinks pali mitundu yokhala ndi maso achilendo - yokhala ndi zenera lowonekera pakope lam'munsi. Amawona nthawi zonse, ngakhale ndi maso awo atatsekedwa. Ndipo pa magwire zikope zowonekera zakula pamodzi ngati njoka. "Magalasi" awa amawalola kuti asaphethire konse.
Mamembala am'banja amayimira kusintha kosasintha kwa mawonekedwe opanda miyendo - kuchokera ku miyendo yolimbitsa thupi ndi zala zisanu kuti zifupikitse ndikuchepetsa, ndipo pamapeto pake, opanda mwendo. pali yaifupi-yayitali, yamiyendo yayitali komanso yamizeremizere mitundu komanso theka-m'madzi, zamaluwa ndi chipululu.
Ku Russian Federation akukhala:
Kutalika kwamiyendo yayitali, timakhala ku Central Asia, Eastern Transcaucasia komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Dagestan. Kufikira kukula kwa 25 cm, zikope zake ndizoyenda, mchira wake ndiwophwanyika kwambiri. Mtunduwo ndi wa azitona wofiirira wokhala ndi imvi. Mbali, mikwingwirima yowala komanso yosiyanasiyananso ikuwoneka.
Kutalikirana kwakum'mawa, wokhala kuzilumba za Kuril ndi Japan. Olivi imvi ndi mchira waubuluu wamtondo. Ikuphatikizidwa mu Red Book of Russia.
Fusiform - mabanja atatu
Chokhotakhota
Pakati pawo pali kukwawa, ngati njoka, ndi wamba - pamapazi anai asanu. Mwambiri, masikelo amalimbikitsidwa ndi mbale zamafupa ndi ma osteoderms. Ena ali ndi khungu lopindika pambali pawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kupuma komanso kumeza chakudya. Mosiyana ndi njoka, ali ndi zikope zosunthika komanso zotseguka. Nsagwada ndizolimba, mano ndi otuwa. Pali mitundu ya viviparous.
Ku Russian Federation akukhala:
- Spindle chimauma kapena uchi, buluzi wopanda miyendo mpaka 50-60 cm.Mapangidwe ake amafanana ndi chopota. Mtunduwo ndi wofiira-imvi kapena bulauni, kapena bronze-mkuwa, womwe udalandira dzina lachiwiri.
- Malamba achikuda kapena capercaillie - nawonso buluzi wopanda mwendo. M'malo mwake, miyendo yakumbuyo idakalipobe, koma imayimira ma tubercles ochepa kwambiri pafupi ndi anus. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira 1.5 mita. Mutu ndi tetrahedral, wokhala ndi mphuno yolunjika. Mtunduwo ndi imvi ya azitona ndi matani a njerwa.
Zowunikira - tsopano pali mabanja 3 omwe atsala
Mano oopsa
Mitundu ya poizoni ya abuluzi, pakadali pano awiri amadziwika - Arizona ndi Mexico... Ali ndi thupi lolimba, lopindika, mchira wawufupi wokhala ndi mafuta komanso mutu wamphwa. Ma Paws ali ndi zala zisanu ndi zikhadabo zazikulu zakuthwa. Mitunduyi, monga ya zolengedwa zambiri zowopsa, ndi yochenjeza.
Zosiyanasiyana, zokhala ndi mawanga ofiira achikaso pamdima. Amakonda malo am'chipululu amiyala, koma samakonda kuuma kwambiri. Koma amakonda kusambira, kwinaku akupalasa ndi mapazi awo ngati opalasa. M'nyengo yozizira amabisala. Nthawi zambiri samachedwa, koma m'madzi amakula bwino.
Amakonda mazira a mbalame ndi akamba, ngakhale amadya zamoyo zonse. Wopwetekedwayo amafufuzidwa mothandizidwa ndi lilime nthawi zonse ndikungotulutsa ndikunjenjemera. Poizoni wolumidwa sapha, koma amabweretsa zomverera zosasangalatsa kwambiri - kutupa, kutupa kwa ma lymph, kupuma movutikira, chizungulire komanso kufooka. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda amatha kulowa pachilondacho. Koma iwowo samaukira anthu. Kuluma kumachitika nthawi yomwe munthu wagwidwa kapena atagwidwa molakwika.
Abuluzi osamva
Amakhala ku Borneo (Kalimantan). Mtunduwo ndi wofiira-bulauni, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mchira ndi wautali komanso wopapatiza, utali wa theka la thupi lonse theka la mita. Kutsegula khutu lakunja kulibe. Izi ndizo mitundu yosaoneka ya abuluzi... Tsopano palibe anthu opitilira 100 omwe atsala.
Onetsetsani abuluzi
Yaikulu kwambiri mwa iwo mosakayikira ndi yotchuka Chinjoka cha Komodo... Kukula kokhazikika kwa thupi lake ndi 3.13 m. Chaching'ono kwambiri ndi wachidule Buluzi wowunika waku Australia wokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi mpaka masentimita 28. Abuluzi oyang'anira ali ndi chigaza chosasunthika kwathunthu, thupi lokhathamira, khosi, lilime lachifoloko.
Amayenda pafupifupi mbali zonse zowongoka. Mutuwo umaphimbidwa ndi ma polygonal bony scutes. Amakhala ku Asia, Australia ndi Africa. Amakonda moyo wamasana, kupatula mitundu yambiri - mdima, mikwingwirima komanso Komodo amayang'anira abuluzi.
Omwewa anali ndi parthenogenesis (kuberekana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha).Ndiye kuti, akazi amatha kubereka opanda amuna, mazira awo amakula popanda umuna. Abuluzi onse oyang'anira ndi oviparous. Dibamia -1 banja.
Wofanana ndi nyongolotsi - zolengedwa zosamva, zopanda maso komanso zopanda miyendo zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi. Amakumba ngalande ndipo amafanana kwambiri ndi mavuvu apadziko lapansi. Amakhala m'nkhalango za Indochina, New Guinea, Philippines ndi Mexico. Achibale Shinisauroidae ndi banja limodzi.
Ng'ona shinisaur amakhala kum'mwera kwa China ndi kumpoto kwa Vietnam. Kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi masentimita 40. Pakadali pano mitundu ya abuluzi akukongoletsedwa kwambiri ndi mitundu iyi. Njira zamakono zapangidwa kuti ziziswana mu terrarium.
