Kalekale ngamila zododometsa amanyamula katundu wambiri mzati, chifukwa cha izi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "zombo zaku chipululu", amamenya nkhondo ngati akavalo, kudyetsa ndikuthirira munthu, kumamupatsa nyama, ubweya, ndi mkaka. Mungawerenge za iwo m'mabuku, nthano, nthano, adatenga nawo gawo m'mafilimu ambiri odziwika komanso odziwika. Amatha kuwoneka kumalo osungira nyama, ndipo ma dromedary nthawi zambiri amachita masewera.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Ngamila zamtundu umodzi kapena dromedary ndizosiyana ndi anzawo - ngamila ziwiri kapena ma Bactrian. Ndi opepuka, ali ndi mapadi a mazole kumapazi awo, zala ziwiri. Mphuno za ngamila zimapangidwa ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timatha kuzilimbitsa nyengo, komanso mvula yamkuntho.
Dromedars ndi mitundu yosiyana, kuyambira yoyera mpaka yakuda. Ubweya wawo umasinthidwa kuti ukhale malo ouma, chifukwa chake ngamila siyitaya chinyezi chochuluka chifukwa chamadzi ochepa. Ngamila imodzi yodumphadumpha pachithunzichi amawoneka otamandika komanso onyada.
Chifukwa chochepa cha tiziwalo timene timatulutsa thukuta komanso kutentha pang'ono kwa thupi, nyama sikutuluka thukuta. Kukhala ndi hump kumathandiza kusunga malo ogulitsa mafuta, omwe amasandulika mphamvu pochita izi. Thanzi la ngamira limayang'aniridwa ndi chiuno chake. Ngati amamatira, ndiye kuti ali bwino.
Ngati mapiri ali saggy kapena ayi, ndiye kuti chinyama chimakhala ndi mavuto azaumoyo. Madzi amasungidwa m'mimba, ndipo kuti asunge madzi ambiri, amatulutsa pafupifupi madzi onse mumkodzo ndi ndowe.
Ngamila yataya malo ake osungira madzi kwanthawi yayitali, komabe, imatha kuibwezeretsa mwachangu kwambiri. Pafupifupi, zimatenga pafupifupi mphindi khumi kuti zikwere. Nthawi imeneyi, azimwa pafupifupi malita zana. Zonsezi zimamuthandiza kukhala m'malo ovuta.
Mitundu
Ngamila ija-haswa ndi m'bale wa ngamira-imodzi. Chachikulu kusiyana ndi kupezeka kwa 2 humps. Komanso, a Bactrian ali ndi khosi lalifupi, tsitsi lochulukirapo, lomwe limamuthandiza kupulumuka chisanu ndi miyendo yayifupi. Sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kunyamula katundu. Komanso, hybrids amasiyanitsidwa pakati pa ngamila.
1. Nar. Ichi ndi chosakanizidwa chimodzi. Ali ndi thupi lamphamvu komanso lokulirapo, kubereka komanso kulimba. Atha kupulumuka m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Chingwe chimodzi chinkatambasula kumbuyo kuchokera kumbuyo kupita kutsogolo. Ali ndi khosi lalifupi ndi chigaza.
2. mkati. Ali ndi thupi lolimba, lolimba lokhala ndi malaya abwino. Ilinso ndi chiuno chimodzi chokulirapo, komabe, chocheperako kuchokera kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo.
3. Zharbai. Mtundu wosakanizidwa wosowa. Izi ndichifukwa choti ili ndi ana ofooka, komanso zizindikilo zoyipa ndi kuwonongeka: chifuwa chokhotakhota komanso malo olumala. Mtundu uwu unachokera ku mawu achi Kazakh scarecrow.
4. Cospak. Pamene kuchuluka kwa magazi kwa a Bactrian kumawonjezeka, Cospaks amachulukitsa kulemera ndi kukula kwake. Mtundu wosakanizidwawo ndiwothandiza kwambiri kupeza ana otheka komanso olimba. Amapereka mkaka wambiri.
4. Kez-nar. Ndiwolemera kuposa Nar, komanso kudula tsitsi komanso kuchuluka kwa mkaka.
5. Kurt. Ali ndi chifuwa chaching'ono ndi humpu yaying'ono. Ndi mbadwo watsopano uliwonse, hump imachepa. Mkaka wochuluka komanso ubweya wochepa.
6. Kama. Mothandizidwa ndi kuwoloka kwa ngamila imodzi-yamphongo ndi llama, kama akuwululidwa. Amatchedwanso camellam. Mbali yapadera ya nyama yotereyi ndikuteteza ubweya wamtengo wapatali komanso wapamwamba kwambiri, wopirira kwambiri komanso wosadzichepetsa wa dromed. Amatha kunyamula katundu mpaka makilogalamu 30. Ndi yaying'ono komanso yopepuka kuposa ngamila yachizolowezi komanso yopanda hump.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Ngamila zoyambilira zoyenda-kumodzi zokhala mwamtendere zimakhala ku Africa ku Arabia Peninsula. Masiku ano, ma dromary amtchire amapezeka makamaka ku Australia, koma mwina ndi abwinobwino, popeza adabweretsedwako kuti akatenge katundu.
Ng'oma zoweta zidawonekera zaka zikwi zitatu isanafike nthawi yathu ino. Ndipo kutchulidwa koyamba kwa iwo kuli ku Arabia Peninsula. Imafotokoza za okwera pamahatchi okwera chikwi akumenya nkhondo ku 853 BC ku Karkar. Zojambula zofananira zimapezeka ku Nimrud.
Anthu awiri anali atakhala pa nyama imodzi. Mmodzi wa iwo ankalamulira ndi ndodo, ndipo winayo anali ndi uta ndi kuwombera adani. Pomwe ng'ombe yonyamula ziweto idachedwa mochedwa, makamaka mu 500 BC. Monga tsopano, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula katundu, kupeza mkaka, nyama, ubweya.
Masiku ano, ngamila sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama yogwira ntchito. M'nthawi ya mafakitale ku Europe, komanso kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa nyamazi ku chinyezi ndi chinyezi cha mayiko aku Europe, zimangofunika pakungopeza mkaka, womwe ndi wonenepa kawiri, ndi ubweya. Chifukwa cha umphawi wa mayiko akummawa, ngamila zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati nyama zokopa. Anthu ambiri sangakwanitse kugula galimoto kapena thirakitala.
Kuswana ngamila sikukutukuka ku Russia. Makamaka ma Bactrian amabadwira kumwera, chifukwa amasinthidwa mofananira nyengo ya madera amenewo. Cholinga cha kuswana ngamila ndi kupeza mkaka, nyama ndi ubweya. Ubweya, chifukwa chakutha kutentha kwake, umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zofunda ndi zovala zakunja zotentha. Ndi chisamaliro chapamwamba cha zinthu, amatumikira ndikutentha kwanthawi yayitali kwambiri.
Dromedaries amakhala otanganidwa masana, ndipo usiku amatha kugona kapena amayenda mwaulesi komanso mopepuka. Amakhala m'magulu, otchedwa harems, okhala ndi amuna amodzi, akazi angapo ndi ana awo. Amuna achichepere samakhala nthawi yayitali ndikukhala ndi gulu lawo, koma sizikhala motalika. Nthawi zina pamakhala mikangano pakati pa amuna a makompyuta, komwe amamenyera utsogoleri.
Pakakhala mvula yamkuntho mchipululu, ma dromedaries amatha kugona masiku angapo mpaka mkuntho utadutsa. Ngamila zamankhwala amodzi ndi amantha ndipo zikawopsa ngati ziwombankhanga amayamba kuzithawa. Kuthamanga kwa ngamila zamtundu umodzi ndi pafupifupi 10 km / h wapansi, ndi 30 km / h mukamathamanga. Tsiku lililonse amatha kuyenda mpaka makilomita 40 atanyamula ndikuwona nyama zolusa zamamita zikwi zingapo.
Sathamanga, koma amatha kuthamanga kwa masiku angapo, mpaka nkhokwe zawo zitatha, kapena mpaka nyamayo itamva kuti mdani watsalira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kukula kwake, ngamila zimasambira bwino kwambiri. Dromedars ndi nyama zodekha. Osachita ndewu komanso ochezeka kwa anthu.
Dera lomwe ngamila zamankhwala amodzi amakhala zazikulu kwambiri, koma, kwakukulu, amakhala mchilala. Zitha kuwoneka ku China, Pakistan, India, Turkmenistan, Mongolia, Iran, Algeria, Australia ndi ku Gobi Desert. Amayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi. Komabe, kuchuluka kwawo kwatsika kwambiri mzaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa chakuti anthu akumadera ouma adakhala pafupi ndi madzi, chifukwa chake alibe malo obwezeretsanso masheya awo.
Zakudya zabwino
Ng'ombe imodzi yothamangitsidwa chosadzichepetsa pakudya, popeza chilala sichingapezeke pamtengo wabwino kuposa minga. Dromedary amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudya zakudya zamasamba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mukamadyetsa, chinyama sichimatafuna chakudya, ndipo chimagwera m'mimba kutsogolo, komwe chimakonzedwa kwathunthu.
Chifukwa cha ichi, kuchepa kwa ngamila kumafanana ndi makina amtundu wa zowetchera, ngakhale sizili zawo. Mwachidziwikire, chimbudzi cha dromed chinayambika padera. Ngamila zimadya chakudya cholimba, chosadyeka. M'nyengo yozizira, amayamba kudya masamba a msondodzi kapena bango. Ngati kulibe mbewu pafupi, zimatha kudya zikopa za nyama zakufa.
Ngamila zimatha kukhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi opanda madzi, koma kenako zimayenera kudzaza mwachangu madzi omwe amasungira. Alibenso chidwi ndi madzi. Ngamila zakutchire zimamwa kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana, ngakhale amchere.
Ngamila zalavulira ndipo ichi ndiye chizindikiro chawo chimbudzi. Kuphatikiza pa malovu, ngamila imatulutsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta chakudya. Pamodzi ndi nthawi yayitali yopanda madzi, atha kukhala opanda chakudya kwa masiku pafupifupi makumi atatu, pogwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe zake.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi ya rutting imayamba kugwa. Pakadali pano, ndizankhanza komanso zowopsa kwa anthu. Panali milandu pomwe ma dromedaries amtunduwu amawononga misewu ndikuchotsa akazi angapo. Tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera kuwakhazika mtima pansi. Munthawi imeneyi, amuna nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi amuna anzawo kuti azitsogolera komanso akazi.
Kukwerana nthawi zambiri kumachitika nthawi yachisanu, chifukwa kumakhala mvula yambiri yamvula. Pambuyo pathupi, mkazi amatenga pakati, nthawi yobereka ndi masiku 360 - 440. Nthawi zambiri kumabadwa mwana m'modzi, amapasa amakhala ochepa. Tsiku lotsatira, mwana wakhanda amatha kuyenda kale ndi akulu.
Amayi amadyetsa mkaka ngamila pang'ono kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ana amayamba kudya zomera pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri zitakhala ndi pakati, chachikazi chimatha kuberekanso. Mkazi amakula pafupifupi zaka zitatu, amuna azaka 5-6. Moyo wapakati ndi zaka 40-50.
Ngamila ndi nyama yosangalatsa kwambiri. Zimapulumuka m'malo ovuta kusowa madzi ndi chakudya, kutentha ndi kuuma. Mutha kuziwona m'masekisi, kumalo osungira nyama kapena kupita ku Egypt paulendo wa ngamila.
Njira ina yosangalatsa yowonera ngamila ndikuthawira ku Africa paulendo wapululu ndi galimoto. Kumeneko sikutheka kungowayang'ana, komanso kulingalira za moyo wawo, ubale ndi abale, mavuto omwe amakumana nawo.
