Zinyalala za nyukiliya zimamveka kuti zikutanthauza zinthu zilizonse zomwe zili ndi cheza choipa kwambiri, zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kale pakupanga ndipo sizothandiza kwenikweni pakadali pano. Ili ndiye gulu lapadera la "zinyalala" lomwe limafunikira njira yodalirika kwambiri komanso waluso.
Kodi zinyalala za nyukiliya zimapangidwa bwanji?
Zinyalala "zowomba" zikuwonekera chifukwa cha ntchito za makampani ogwirizana, mafakitale amagetsi a nyukiliya komanso mabungwe azachipatala. Njira yakapangidwe kake ndiyosiyana kwambiri, koma pali magulu atatu akulu.
Okhutira mpweya... Uwu ndiye mtundu wotchedwa zinyalala womwe umatchedwa gaseous, womwe umawoneka chifukwa chantchito yazomera zamafakitale. Njira zambiri zamatekinoloje zimapangitsa mpweya wabwino mokakamizidwa, kudzera m'mapaipi omwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsidwa. Zachidziwikire, makina otulutsa mpweya oterewa ayenera kukhala ndi malo osungira ndi odalirika kwambiri.
Zamadzimadzi... Zinyalala zamanyukiliya zamadzimadzi zimawoneka pakupanga kwina. Mwachitsanzo, izi zikuphatikiza mayankho ochokera kuzowerengera za scintillation (zida zopezera zida za nyukiliya), zida zofufuzira, ndi zida zina zofananira. Gululi likuphatikizanso zomwe zatsala pambuyo poti mafuta a nyukiliya abwerezedwenso.
Zinyalala zolimba... Zinyalala zolimba zowulutsa ma radio zimayimira mbali zina za kafukufuku ndi zida zakuwunikira, zida zosiyanasiyana, komanso zofunikira kwa iwo. Zitha kukhala zinyalala zochokera kuma laboratories osiyanasiyana, makampani azachipatala, zipatala, komanso zinthu zowononga mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusinthidwa kwa mafuta a nyukiliya.
Kodi zinthu zochotsa nyukiliya zimatayidwa bwanji?
Njira yobwezeretsanso mwachindunji zimatengera mphamvu ya radiation. Pali zinyalala "zowala", zomwe sizowopsa kwambiri, koma simungangotaya. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zonyansa zakuchipatala ndi labotale monga mafilimu ochokera pamakina a X-ray ndi zina zotengera "zotengera". Iyi ndi zinyalala zamankhwala za "D", zomwe zimasamalidwa mwapadera.
Kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala zotere ndikotsika ndipo njira yovunda yazinthu zomwe zimapanga maziko ndiyachangu. Chifukwa chake, zinyalala zotere zimayikidwa muzitsulo zachitsulo, zotsekedwa mwanzeru ndi simenti. Zidebezi zimasungidwa m'malo osakhalitsa, ndipo poizoniyu pambuyo pochepetsa mphamvu, zinthuzo zimawonongeka pompopompo.
Chinthu china ndikudza za zinyalala za mafakitale. Poterepa, ma radioactivity ndiokwera kwambiri ndipo mavoliyumu ndi akulu. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, "phononizing" zinthu zimasungidwa, koma osati m'malo osakhalitsa, koma m'malo osungira apadera, chifukwa amayenera kusungidwa kwazaka zambiri.
Kodi manda a nyukiliya ndi ati?
Malo osungira zida za nyukiliya ndi zida zopangidwa kuti zisungidweko nthawi yayitali komanso zotetezedwa ndi zinyalala za nyukiliya. Ndi mayankho ovuta amisiri omwe amatsata miyezo ya Boma.
Malo osungira oterewa amapezeka m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo mmenemo muli mayiko omwe ali ndi sitolo yamagetsi yanyukiliya. Lingaliro ndilotsutsana kwambiri, chifukwa pakachitika kukhumudwa kwa akasinja, ngozi yayikulu kwambiri ikhoza kuchitika. Makamaka poganizira kuti kuchuluka kwamakontena okhala ndi zinyalala zanyukiliya kunasefukira mu Nyanja ya Atlantic zaka makumi angapo zapitazo. Koma umunthu sunaphunzirepo momwe ungagwiritsire ntchito kwathunthu, ndiye kuti, kusokoneza kapena kuwononga, kuwononga ndi "maziko".
