Makhalidwe ndi malo a nematode
Ma Nematode, dzina lina - ziphuphu, Ndi amtundu wa mbozi zoyambira. Mitundu yawo ndiyabwino kwambiri. Pakadali pano, pafupifupi mitundu miliyoni ya nyongolotsi iyi yapezeka.
Onse amadziwika kukhala amoyo mwaulere komanso tiziromboti. Zodziwika kwa aliyense nematode ndi kapangidwe... Thupi la nematode palokha limawoneka ngati chokhotakhota, chocheperachepera kumapeto: kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.
Amayitanidwa mozungulira chifukwa gawo la mtanda limabweretsa bwalo. Thupi lawo laphimbidwa ndi khungu lodulira, pansi pake pali minofu yotenga nthawi. Izi zitha kuwonetsedwa bwino chithunzi cha nematode.
Palibe njira yoyendetsera magazi komanso yopumira. Kupuma kumachitika ndi ndege yonse ya thupi kapena anaerobically. Dongosolo lam'mimba ndilosavuta ndipo limakhala ndi pakamwa ndi anus, pakati pake pali chubu chowongoka.
Mutu uli ndi "pakamwa" womwe wazunguliridwa ndi milomo. Kudzera mwa izi, zakudya zimapezeka: chakudya chimayamwa. Mitundu ingapo yama nematode yaulere yakhalanso ndi maso, omwe atha kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kukula kwa nyongolotsi kumayambira pafupifupi 1 mm mpaka 37 cm.
Pachithunzicho, kapangidwe ka nematode
Ma Nematode onetsani chitsanzo chowonekera cha kupita patsogolo kwachilengedwe. Lero amakhala m'malo onse. Kuyambira pansi pamchere wamchere, chifukwa cha chisinthiko, adagonjetsa madzi oyera, nthaka, ndipo tsopano atha kukhala ndi kuberekana m'thupi lililonse lamitundu yambiri.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa nematode
Monga tiziromboti, nyongolotsi ya nematode, imasintha kwambiri, imakhala ndi moyo wosavuta ndipo imakula mwachangu kwambiri. Ikhoza kutchedwa "tizilomboto tangwiro".
Kukhala m'thupi la alendo, imatha kuyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, koma osati owopsa. Nematode imagwiritsa ntchito chakudya ndi thupi moyo wonse, ndipo kuti isayambitse mavuto ena, imachotsa mazira ake chamoyo "Mphunzitsi". Chifukwa chake, kupeza wapakatikati, ndikukhazikika kudera lokulirapo.
Kuti apulumuke, mphutsi zonse gulu la nematode, ili ndi zosintha zina zomwe idalandira chifukwa cha chisinthiko. Chigoba chake chachikulu chimateteza kumatenda amadzimadzi, akazi ndi achonde kwambiri, ziwalo zapadera zophatikizika. Mitundu ina ya nematode imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kupha nyongolotsi "zovulaza".
Mitundu ya Nematode
Makonzedwe onse nematode kugawanika pawiri wokoma mtima: Kukhala mwaulere ndi tiziromboti. Omwe amakhala m'nthaka ndi m'madzi, pomwe omaliza amakhala pazomera komanso m'zinthu zanyama, tizilombo ndi anthu.
Ma nematode aulere chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya mbozi. Zonsezi ndizochepa kukula, zimphona zimangofika masentimita atatu okha.Amatha kukhala m'madzi aliwonse, ngakhale mu viniga.
Kutentha kochepa, ngakhale ku North Pole. Ma nematode ambiri omwe amakhala m'nthaka amapereka phindu losakayika ndipo amatenga gawo lalikulu pakupanga dothi.
Ntchito yawo ndi nematode anapeza ndi mu aquarium... Ndi chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha mwachangu. Amakula mwadala kapena amaberekera okha pakudya mopitirira muyeso kapena pakakhala zinyalala zowola.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa mavuto osayerekezereka ku ulimi, ziweto ndi anthu. Ma Nematode zimayambitsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana matenda... Amatha kuwonongeka ziwalo zilizonse. Nyongolotsi zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana modabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, sperm whale nematode imatha kutalika mamita 8.
Kudyetsa nematode
Ma nematode aulere amadya ndere zazing'ono, mabakiteriya, zinyalala zazomera. Zowononga sizimapezeka pakati pawo. Ndi pakamwa pawo, amangoyamwa chakudya. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timakhala pazomera zokha timakhala ndi kapangidwe kamene kamakhala mkamwa mwawo.
Matematode amabaya minofu yawo ndikubaya juzi yawo yogaya chakudya, kenako amayamwa chakudya. Izi zimatchedwa chimbudzi cham'mimba. Ma nematode omwe ali mthupi la wolandirayo amapezeka chifukwa cha michere yomwe imatulutsa. Kodi nematodes ingogwiritsirani ntchito kukula kwawo.
Kubalana ndi kutalika kwa moyo wa nematode
Kwenikweni onse Mitundu ya nematode amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Amuna ndi ocheperako kuposa akazi kukula kwake, ndipo kumapeto kwake kumakhala kokhotakhota kumbali. Kubereka kumachitika pogonana. Mitundu ina ya zazikazi ikakhala yokwanira kutengapo, imatulutsa fungo lamphamvu lomwe yamphongoyo imachita.
Kenako chimaphimba chachikazi ndi thumba lopopera kenako ndikutsata katsitsi mumaliseche. Amayikira mazira kuti aberekane, koma palinso mitundu ya ziphuphu zomwe zimabisidwa mwa kubadwa ndi moyo. Ma nematode aulere amakhala ndi mazira 100 mpaka 2,000 pamoyo wawo wonse. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakula kwambiri ndipo mtengowu umatha kufika 200,000 tsiku limodzi.
Zithunzi za nematode mu nsomba
Mazirawo amalowa m'malo akunja, kenako kukula kwa mphutsi kumayamba. Pamoyo wamtundu waulere komanso chomera cham'mimba, mphutsi zonse zimachitika m'malo omwewo.
Khalani nawo tizirombo ta nematode ontogeny ya nyama ndi anthu ndizovuta kwambiri. Zitha kuchitika kapena popanda "wolandila" wapakatikati. Mulimonsemo, amasungunuka katatu mpaka katatu mpaka atakula kukhala mtundu wokhwima, wokonzeka kuberekana. Koma kuti gawo lomaliza likhale lopambana, liyenera kukhala kale m'thupi laomwe akukhalamo.
Chiyambi cha moyo wa nematode chimayambira m'matumbo, pambuyo pa umuna wa mkazi. Amatsikira munthawiyo, komwe amaikira mazira munjira. Pambuyo pake, amwalira. Mazirawo amakula kwa maola 6 pansi pazabwino.
Kudzera m'manja odetsedwa, amalowanso m'mimba mwa m'mimba, matenda amatulukanso. Kusandulika mphutsi, pakatha milungu iwiri amakhala anthu okhwima mwauzimu.
Kutengera mtundu wa nematode, masanjidwe otsatirawa azungulira moyo wawo:
- Mazira, atangoyala wamkazi, amatha kupatsira ngati alowa mthupi la nyama.
- Mazira, momwe mluza umadutsira gawo lina, pambuyo pake umatha kupatsira "wolandirayo".
- Mazira omwe mphutsi imakhwima ndikusiya nthaka, kenako imalowa m'thupi. Pafupifupi, moyo wa nematode uliwonse umatha pafupifupi masabata 2-3.
Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha nematode
Mitundu yoposa 50 nematode - majeremusi angathe kuitanitsa matenda mwa anthu. Liti nematode tsatira m'thupi la munthu, kenako pamalo opukusa chakudya amavutika.
Zitha kuwononga makoma am'matumbo ndi kutsekeka kwamatope am'mimba, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi zotupa zokhumudwitsa, kupweteka mumchombo kapena kumaliseche, nseru ndi kusanza.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma nematode, omwe amalowa m'magazi, amasunthira mthupi lonse la munthu, amatha kupatsira ziwalo zake zonse. Chifukwa chake, zizindikilozo zimatha kukhala ngati kupuma movutikira komanso conjunctivitis, komanso kupweteka kwa minofu. Kukula kwa zomwe zimachitika mthupi kulinso kotheka: totupa tating'onoting'ono, kuyabwa, kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira, kumva kufooka kosalekeza komanso nseru.
Chithandizo kuchokera nematode ikuchitika ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala a oxygen. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amakhala owopsa, motero adotolo amawapatsa mankhwala. Ndi mankhwala a oxygen, oxygen imalowetsedwa m'matumbo, ndipo ma nematode amafa opanda mankhwala.
Ziweto zathu zimayambukiranso ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tiziromboti.Mu amphaka Zizindikiro za matenda nematode Izi ndi: kutsokomola pafupipafupi komanso kutsokomola konyowa; kusinthana kutsegula m'mimba ndi kudzimbidwa; zotupa pakhungu ndi kutopa.
Agalu ndi awa: kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba; kuchuluka kudya; kuluma mchira; ulesi ndi mphwayi. Zizindikiro izi zikayamba kuchitika, m'pofunika kupita ndi nyama ku veterinarian, komwe akapereke mankhwala.
