Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, alimi a nkhuku za amateur akhala akuswana mbalame zokongoletsera m'nyumba zawo. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pawo ndi ma canaries ndi ma parrot amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma nkhuku zina zazing'ono, zodziwika bwino chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo okongola, zimatha kubweretsanso chisangalalo kwa eni ake - awa ndi mbalame.
Kodi kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndi kotani? Mbalame za Amadina ndi achindunji chifukwa cha kukula kwake kocheperako, kusiyanitsa mthunzi wa nthenga, kudzichepetsa mpaka mndende komanso chisangalalo. Polumikizana, amapanga mawu osangalatsa, ofanana ndi kuzimiririka kwa abakha. Pazinthu zazikulu zosiyanitsa Nsomba za nkhuku, moyo wawo, zakudya zawo ndi zina zambiri zidzafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Odutsa ndiwo mtundu wa mbalame yomwe tikuganizira kuti ndi yake. Mbalame za Amadina pachithunzichi amawonetsedwa ngati owala, owoneka bwino kwambiri, koma ngakhale chithunzi chapamwamba kwambiri sichitha kuwonetsa kukongola konse kwa mbalamezi. Ambiri aiwo amakhala ndi nthenga zokongola modabwitsa: nthenga zosiyanasiyananso zowala ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbalamezi zizikongoletsa kwambiri.
Mitundu yonse ya mbalamezi imakhala ndi mlomo wawung'ono wamphamvu komanso wamphamvu ngati kansalu kakang'ono. Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo mpaka kumchira, kutalika kwa mbalamezi sikuposa masentimita 12-14. Ndizosangalatsa kuwona ziwetozi - ndizabwino kwambiri, anzeru komanso amisala mosiyanasiyana.
Zikuwoneka kuti alimi ambiri a nkhuku zaukadaulo kuti mbalamezi zimadalira ndipo zimazolowera eni ake, koma izi sizolondola kwenikweni. Amazolowera msanga momwe akumangidwa ndikumakhala omasuka mndende, koma samakhala okondwa konse munthu akatenga. Chifukwa chake, sikofunikira kuwatulutsa mu khola kuti ayang'ane pafupi kapena "kusewera" - mbalame sizimakonda chithandizo chotere.
Ndipo mitundu yambiri ya ziwetozi amalekerera mwamtendere kusapezeka kwa munthu kwa nthawi yayitali - chinthu chachikulu ndikuti amakhala ndi chakudya ndi madzi oyera mwa womwa mchikwere chawo. Ndicho chifukwa chake akatswiri amalangiza kuti atenge mbalamezi kwa iwo omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali kunja kwa nyumba.
Mverani mawu akumalizira
Mverani mawu a mbidzi amaliza
Mitundu
Anthu kunyumba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zazing'ono zochepa chabe za mbalame zazing'ono, zomwe iliyonse imafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
Amadina Goulda
Mwachilengedwe, zolengedwa izi zimangoyendayenda, kupanga maulendo ataliatali. Kumaliza mbalame Gould, mwachilengedwe, amakhala ku Australia ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Mbalamezi zimafunikira chinyezi chambiri, choncho malo awo okhala ndi nkhalango zotentha. Ndipo kusamuka kwa mbalamezi kumadalira mvula yamphamvu.
Mtundu wawo wa nthenga ndi wolemera komanso wosiyanasiyana. Mimba ndi wachikaso, bere ndi lofiirira, kumbuyo kuli lokutidwa ndi nthenga zobiriwira, ndipo mutu wawung'ono ndi wakuda. Nthenga za nthenga za buluu zimawoneka bwino pakhosi. Wamphamvu, mlomo wawung'ono wamphamvu - wofiira kwambiri.
Akazi amtundu wa mbalamezi alibe chibadwa cha amayi, samakhala pachisa, ataswa, anapiye amangowasiyira tsoka. Chifukwa chake, ndi bwino kusankha mitundu ina ya mbalamezi - mbalame zaku Japan monga nkhuku.
Nsomba za mpunga
Awa ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri. Mbalame zazing'ono poyambirira zimangokhala kuzilumba zaku Indonesia, komwe adasamukira kumayiko ena apadziko lapansi. Pamene mbalamezi zimasungidwa, okonda mbalame zochokera kumayiko ambiri padziko lapansi adayamba kugula.
Nthenga za mpunga ndizotentha kuposa mitundu ina, koma nthawi yomweyo zimawoneka ngati zoyambirira komanso zokongola. Mtundu waukulu wa nthenga ndi imvi yakuya ndi utoto wabuluu. Mimba ndi wachikaso chakuda, ndipo utundawu umasintha pang'ono mpaka kukhala wakuda pamwamba pa mchira. Mbali yakumunsi ya mchira ndi yojambulidwa yoyera.
Mtundu waukulu wa nthenga za mutu wawung'ono ndi wakuda, ndipo masaya okha ndi omwe amawonekera motsutsana ndi maziko awa ndi mawanga awiri oyera. Maso ndi ochepa, owulungika, ozunguliridwa ndi mzere wozungulira wofiira kwambiri, iris ndi yakuda, pafupifupi yakuda. Mlomo wawung'ono, wamphamvu - utoto wobiriwira. Zinachokera kwa oimira amtundu uwu omwe obereketsa amabweretsa mbalame zoyera zoyera.
Mbalame zaku Japan
Mitunduyi sichipezeka mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, ndiye kuti, zachilengedwe - mtunduwo udabadwa mwanzeru. Mbalamezi zidabweretsedwa kumayiko angapo aku Europe kuchokera kuzilumba zaku Japan - chifukwa chake dzina la ziweto zomwe zili ndi nthenga. Komabe, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti mtunduwu unabadwira ku China pamene mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zamtchire zamtundu uwu zimawoloka.
Mwa mitundu iyi, mtunduwo siolemera kwambiri komanso wowala, makamaka bulauni. Koma pakhoza kukhala mitundu ina ya nthenga: zoyera, fawn, nthawi zina - ngakhale motley.
Mbalamezi siziyenera kusungidwa zokha, apo ayi zimayamba "kumva chisoni", zimatha kudwala, nthawi zina zimamwalira chifukwa chosungulumwa. Kutengera kukula kwa ziweto zotere, anthu atatu kapena khumi amabzalidwa mu khola limodzi.
Ubwino waukulu wa mbalame za ku Japan ndi chibadwa chokula bwino cha amayi. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupilira kuti mtunduwu udasinthidwa mwapadera kotero kuti zinsomba zaku Japan - zazimayi - zimachita kudyetsa anapiye amitundu ina, atasiyidwa ndi "makolo" awo.
Mbidzi mbalame
Australia ndi kwawo kwa zolengedwa zokongola modabwitsa izi. Kuchokera apa mbalamezo pang'onopang'ono zinakhazikika m'makontinenti ena. Oimira zakutchire zamtunduwu tsopano sangawoneke pano komanso ku USA ndi ku Portugal. Malo okhala mbalame zakutchirezi ndi nkhalango zamvula kumadera otentha.
Mbali yakumtunda ya mutu wawung'ono ndi "yamtundu wabuluu. Masaya - a bulauni wokhala ndi utoto wofiyira, wopatulidwa ndi nthenga zoyera zomwe zili pamaso pake ndi mzere wakuda wakuda, womwe uli molunjika molunjika. Mlomo wamphamvu wamphamvuwo uli ndi utoto wofiyira. Mtundu wa khosi laling'ono ndi wofanana ndi wa mutu.
Nthenga kumbuyo zimakhala ndi mdima wandiweyani wakuda. Nthitiyi ndi yamtundu wowala, yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Mimbayo ndi yoyera kwambiri. Mbalizo zimapangidwa ndi utoto wobiriwira, pomwe mawanga oyera amawoneka. Mchira umakhala ndi mizere yakuda ndi yoyera. Okonda zakudya zapakhomo amakonda, nthawi zambiri, kuti apeze "mbidzi" zosiyanasiyana za mbalamezi.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Pali zambiri zambiri zokhudza zolengedwa zabwinozi. Amadin ndi mbalame zazing'ono zokhala ndi mitundu yachilendo ya nthenga, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala m'maiko aku Asia ndi Africa, komanso ku Africa.
Mwachitsanzo, mbalame za mbidzi zimachokera ku Australia, komwe nthawi yotentha imakhala yotentha komanso youma. Nyengoyi yakhazikitsa mbalamezi mwayi wokhala wopanda madzi ochuluka kwanthawi yayitali (mpaka sabata). Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi nthawi zambiri imakonda kukhala m'malo ouma kuthengo, imatha kuwuluka m'malo osiyanasiyana kupita kukafunafuna chakudya.
Malo okhala nthumwi izi ndi Australia yense. Kuyamba kwaulendo wawo wochuluka kuchokera kumeneko kunathandizidwa ndi chitukuko cha ulimi ndi kusintha kwa kontrakitala, pomwe nkhalango zidadulidwa, ndipo m'malo mwawo mudali minda, malo odyetserako ziweto ndi minda. Ngati madzi sapezeka kwenikweni m'dera linalake, ndiye kuti mbalame zimakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyumba za anthu.
Zosangalatsa! Oyimira zakutchire amtunduwu amadziwika ndi kupirira komanso kuleza mtima. Pozindikira izi, alimi ambiri a nkhuku amazindikira kuti mbalame zazimbalangondo zimamwa pang'ono masana, ngakhale omwa akakhala ochuluka kwambiri. Ndipo pakagwa chilala chachikulu, owomba nsalu amapulumuka pakumwa madzi amchere. Koma kwa mitundu ina ya mbalame, kumwa koteroko kumatha kupha.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Malizitsani mtengo wa mbalame ranges ku rubles 4 mpaka 5 zikwi. Mtengo wamitengowu umabwera chifukwa cha mitundu ya mbalamezi, komanso zimadalira komwe amagula. Gulani mbalame ya finch itha kukhala m'masitolo apadera kapena obereketsa, pomwe njira yotsatirayi ndiyabwino.
Zolemba za mbalame yamtengo wapatali zikuwoneka zovuta, koma moyenerera sichili. Ndipo muyenera kuyamba pogula khola. Ndikofunika kuti ikhale yayitali komanso yayitali mokwanira (osachepera 0,5 m) - iyenera kukhala ndi mbalame za "makolo" awiri ndi ana awo.
Kwa ziweto zoterezi, ndikofunikira kupeza zokhazokha zokhazokha kapena zazing'ono, ndipo mwa iwo omwe ali ndi nsonga zozungulira, ma finches "amatayika", amayamba kuthamanga, amakhala osakhazikika komanso amakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse. Mbalamezi zimafuna mpweya wambiri, choncho kutalika kwa osayenera kuyeneranso kukhala kwakukulu.
Mbale zakumwa ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'nyumba zawo (zosachepera 2-3 zidutswa). Pakhoza kukhala wodyetsa m'modzi. Zipinda zazing'ono zazing'ono zimayikidwa pamakoma ammbali kuti mbalame zizilumphira masana.
Matanki osamba ayeneranso kuikidwa padera, chifukwa ziwetozi zimakonda kuphulika m'madzi. Ndibwino kuti mukonze ma trays pachitseko cha khola - pamenepa, utsi sudzagwa pansi ndikudyetsa.
Finch chisamaliro imakhala ndi kudyetsa kwakanthawi, kukhalabe oyera m'maselo. Ayenera kutsukidwa kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tipewe kupezeka kwa matenda mu "magulu" am'maselo.
Mbalamezi zimakonda kucheza, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kukhazikika m'modzi mwa khola lalikulu. Amadin sagwirizana ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame zokhala ndi nthenga, chifukwa ndiopanga nkhondo ndipo amatha kupanga ndewu ndi mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe. Zotsatira zake, onse akhoza kuvutika.
Zakudya zabwino
Kuyambira chiweto chokongola ichi, muyenera kusamala kuti mum'pangire chakudya choyenera. Maziko azakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku amayenera kukhala chakudya cha nkhuku, chomwe chiyenera kukhala ndi:
- phala la oatmeal;
- mapira;
- mbewu za canaries;
- nthanga, hemp, letesi ndi fulakesi.
Mulingo wazakudya zophatikizira za mbalame iliyonse ndi 1 tsp. Zotsatirazi zikuyenera kupezeka pazosankha za tsiku ndi tsiku:
- mazira owiritsa;
- zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba;
- saladi;
- mkaka wowawasa, mwachitsanzo, kanyumba kanyumba kochepa mafuta;
- chakudya chamoyo.
Chowonjezera chomaliza chimafunikira makamaka mbalame panthawi yakubereka komanso mukamadyetsa anapiye. Monga chakudya, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyongolotsi zamagazi, gammarus. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa mbewu za tirigu, rye ndi mbewu zina m'miyeso ya mbalamezi.
Komanso pazakudya zamadzulo za tsiku ndi tsiku, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimayambitsidwa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo michere. Zitha kugulidwa kumalo osungira nyama kapena mbalame zilizonse. Koma mutha kuwonjezera pazakudya zabwino za mbalamezi, choko, mtsinje kapena mchenga wam'nyanja.
Zofunika! Simungathe kuphatikiza zonunkhira m'menyu yawo, zomwe zimakhudza mbalame monga momwe opiamu imakhudzira munthu. Simungathe kuwapatsa mavitamini omwe amapangira ma parrot. Mankhwala otere amatha kupha mbalame. Pachifukwa ichi, akatswiri samalimbikitsa kuti amukhazikitse ndi parrot (yamtundu uliwonse).
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Musanapeze ziweto zingapo zowala bwino kuti mupitirize kuswana, fufuzani zina mwazinthu zina za izo. Ziweto zokhala ndi nthengazi zimaberekana mosavuta, ngakhale zili mu ukapolo. Koma kuti ntchito yoswana ikhale yogwira, ndikofunikira kupanga mbalame zabwino.
Amuna ndi akazi amayikidwa mu khola losiyana, momwe nyumba imayikiramo. M'tsogolomu, mbalame zidzagwiritsira ntchito chisa. Pakumanga kwake, mbalame ziwiri zidzafunika zinthu zotsatirazi:
- nthambi zazitsamba zowonda kwambiri ndi mphukira;
- udzu wouma bwino;
- nthenga;
- kunyowetsa zidutswazo;
- utuchi kapena udzu umayalidwa pansi.
Zofunika! Simungagwiritse ntchito ubweya wa thonje m'malo mwonyowa. Chinsalu chachikazi chimakhala m'mazira pafupifupi masiku 13-15. Zonsezi, amaikira mazira 2-6, koma si anapiye onse omwe angawonekere. Atabadwa, anapiye amakhala pachisa kwa milungu itatu; onse amuna ndi akazi amawadyetsa masiku 28-30.
Anapiye amayamba kupemphapempha chakudya pasanathe maola 2-3 kuchokera pamene abadwa. Kwa masiku angapo oyambilira, yaikazi yokhayo ndiyo imapereka chakudya kwa anapiye, koma kenako bamboyo amayambanso kudyetsa ana ake. Maso amatseguka mwa ana pafupifupi sabata limodzi atatuluka m'mazira.
Kutulutsa kumayamba kugwa nthenga m'matope kumapeto kwa sabata ndi theka atabadwa. Amuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi akazi pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa nthenga zokhazikika; zisanachitike, anapiye azimuna ndi akazi sangathe kusiyanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake.
Izi zimachitika kuti "makolo" amayamba kujambulira machende. Akatswiri amati izi ndichifukwa choti alibe mchere komanso mavitamini. Chifukwa chake, munthawi yokwatirana, chisamaliro chiyenera kulipidwa pakupanga zakudya zamasiku onse, kuphatikiza chakudya cholimba, komanso malo amchere.
Kunyumba, mbalame zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala zaka 9 mpaka 13, moyo wawo umadalira kutsekeredwa, kukonzekera menyu ndi chisamaliro. Ngati simutsatira malamulo onse osamalira mbalame zokongolazi, apo ayi zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri.
Amayi amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa ziweto zazing'ono kwambiri komanso zokongoletsa kwambiri. Ngakhale alimi a nkhuku za novice amatha kuweta ndikuwasamalira, chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulo oyambira omwe afotokozedwa.
