M'madera onse adziko lathu, mpheta ndi imodzi mwamitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya mbalame. Anthu azolowera mbalamezi ndipo sanazindikire kupezeka kwawo pafupi nawo kwa nthawi yayitali. Ali paliponse: madenga, mawaya, mpweya - zonsezi ndi malo awo okhala.
Kufotokozera kwa mpheta
Mwachilengedwe, pali mbalame zambiri zomwe zili ngati mpheta.... Koma sikofunikira konse kuti akhale amtundu wa mbalamezi. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 22 ya mbalameyi, 8 mwa mitundu iyi yomwe imapezeka potizungulira. Mwanjira:
- brownie - wokhala ku Eurasia, ku Russia - m'magawo onse, kupatula kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi tundra;
- Munda - ukhoza kupezeka m'makontinenti a Eurasia ndi North America;
- chipale chofewa - madera omwe amapezeka ku Caucasus komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Altai;
- wakuda mabere - wokhala kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Eurasia;
- zofiira - ku Russia zimapezeka pazilumba za Kuril ndi kumwera kwa Sakhalin;
- mwala - madera akumidzi amafalikira ku Altai, ku Transbaikalia, dera lotsika la Volga, m'chigawo cha Caucasus;
- Mongolian dothi - wokhalamo okhazikika kumadzulo kwa Transbaikalia, Republic of Tuva, Altai Territory;
- zofupikitsa - malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi miyala komanso mapiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Dagestan.
Maonekedwe
Aliyense amadziwa mawonekedwe ampheta. Mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kukula. Poyamba, zitha kuwoneka ngati nthenga zake ndizofiirira, koma ngati mungayang'ane bwino, mutha kuwona mikwingwirima yamayendedwe akuda pamapiko, komanso mabala akuda. Mutu, mimba ndi malo pafupi ndi makutu ndi mitundu yopepuka, yomwe imasiyananso ndi imvi yoyera mpaka bulauni.
Mutu wawo umakongoletsedwa ndi mlomo wamphamvu wakuda. Mchira ndi waufupi, wosasintha. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 15, ndipo kulemera kwa thupi sikuposa magalamu 35. Mapiko amatha kufika masentimita 26.
Ndizosangalatsa! Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo. Amuna nthawi zonse amakhala akulu kuposa akazi. Ndipo omaliza alibe malo owala kutsogolo kwa chibwano ndi chifuwa chomwe amuna ali nacho.
Maso a mbalamezo ali ndi mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira. Mpheta zili ndi miyendo yaifupi, yopyapyala yokhala ndi zikhadabo zofooka. Nthawi zambiri timakumana ndi mpheta zapakhomo ndi zam'munda. Sikovuta kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiriyi kuchokera kwa inzake: mpheta yamphongo yamphongo imakhala ndi chipewa chakuda pamutu, pomwe mpheta yamunda imakhala ndi kapu ya chokoleti. Mbalame yam'nyumba imakhala ndi mzera umodzi wonyezimira pamapiko onse, ndipo mbalame yakumunda imakhala iwiri. Mumtchire wam'munda, m'mabokosi akuda amapezeka pamasaya, ndipo kolala yoyera imafalikira pakhosi. Mwalamulo, nthenga yamnyumba imakhala yayikulu kwambiri komanso yolimba kuposa abale ake.
Mitundu ina ya mbalamezi yomwe ikupezeka mdziko lathu imakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe:
- Mpheta yamtundu wakuda... ali ndi mtundu wa mabokosi pamutu, khosi, nape, ndi mapiko. Kumbuyo, mutha kuwona zowala zowala. Mbali zonse za thupi ndi masaya a mbalameyi ndi yowala. Pakhosi, chotupa, theka la chifuwa, komanso mzere womwe uli pakati pa makutu umaunikidwa wakuda. Pa mapiko ake, chopingasa chopyapyala chimakhalako, chopangidwa mumdima wakuda. Amuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwala kwakukulu kwa utoto kuposa akazi.
- Mpheta ya chipale chofewa... Apo ayi amatchedwa chipale chofewa... Ndi mbalame yokongola, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi mapiko atali akuda ndi oyera ndi mchira wonyezimira, wokongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zowala zosiyana m'mphepete mwake. Amadziwika ndi malo akuda pakhosi.
- Mpheta wofiira... Ili ndi mtundu wowala, womwe umaperekedwa mumtundu wa mabokosi. Kumbuyo, mapiko, kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi utoto wotere. Mwa mkazi, mutha kuwona bere la imvi kapena bulauni.
- Mpheta yamwala... Munthu wamkulu wokhala ndi mzere wonyezimira m'chigawo cha korona, komanso mlomo wofiirira. Pakhosi ndi pakhosi ndi zopepuka, zimakhala ndi mizere yosiyanitsa, ndipo malo akulu, achikasu, okhala ndi mandimu amapezeka pachiwopsezo.
- Mpheta Yakale ku Mongolia... Ili ndi utoto wosatchulika, pomwe pamakhala mawanga osazindikirika bwino.
- Mpheta yaifupi... Nthenga zimakhala ndi kamphindi kakang'ono komanso nthenga za mchenga. Pakati pa pakhosi, komanso kumapeto kwa mchira, mikwingwirima yaying'ono imapezeka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chosangalatsa ndichakuti dziko lonse lapansi mbalamezi zimawona mu mithunzi yapinki, ndipo msana wamtundu wa mbalame umakhala ndi mafupa olimbana ndi mphalapala kawiri.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri. Amasirira chuma chawo, amakhala ndi ndewu ndi mbalame zina nthawi zonse, kuteteza gawo lawo. Amakonzekeranso ndewu mosavuta ndi abale awo. Koma palibe kukhetsa mwazi. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu ina ing'onoing'ono ya mbalame imatha kupirira kuthamanga kwa mpheta ndikusiya dera lakwawo, ndikupereka kwa mbalame zamwanozi.
Amangokhala, amakonda kumanga zisa pamalo amodzi. Anawo, kufikira msinkhu, amakhalabe ndi makolo awo, chifukwa chake, kukumana ndi gulu la mpheta ndichinthu chofala. Kupeza wokondedwa wawo, amakhala naye moyo wawo wonse. Zisa za mpheta zanyumba zimapezeka m'makoma a nyumba zamatauni ndi zakumidzi, kuseli kwa nyumba zakale, kuseri kwa mawindo azinyumba. Nthawi zambiri - maenje, mabokosi osiyidwa, malo okhala mbalame.
Mpheta zam'munda zimakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mapaki, minda, tchire lomwe limakula kwambiri. Ambiri a iwo amakhala m'makoma a mbalame zazikulu, mwachitsanzo, adokowe, ntchentche, ziwombankhanga, nkhanu. Kumeneku amadzimva kukhala otetezereka, otetezedwa ndi mbalame zazikulu ndi zamphamvu zomwe zimayang'anira zisa zawo, ndipo panthaŵi imodzimodziyo ndi mpheta zosakhazikika. Chinthu chachilendo kwa mpheta ndi mtendere ndi bata. Kulira, kulira, phokoso - zonsezi ndi zachilengedwe za mbalamezi. Izi zimadziwika makamaka mchaka, pomwe awiriawiri amapangidwa.
Gulu lililonse lili ndi mpheta yake yolondera. Amayang'anitsitsa kuyandikira kwa ngozi, ndipo ngati ingawonekere, amadziwitsa aliyense. Amapereka chizindikiro cha ngozi ngati "chrr" kenako gulu lonse limabalalika m'malo mwake. Nthawi zina, mbalame zimayambitsa phokoso. Izi zitha kukhala zoyandikira paka kuwasaka kapena mwana kugwa chisa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Si chinsinsi kwa aliyense kuti mbalamezi zimakonda kuba. Chifukwa chake, pali ngakhale mbiri yotchuka ya dzina la mbalameyi: kamodzi kanthenga kanthenga kameneka kanaba kamtengo pang'ono m'mbale yophika mkate, ndipo iye, powona izi, adafuula: "Wakuba - kumenya! Wakuba - menya! "
Mpheta zimakhala motalika bwanji
Amakhala ndi nthawi yochepa. Nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa cha ziweto, kusowa kwa chakudya kapena matenda osiyanasiyana. Nthawi yamoyo imachokera ku 1 mpaka 4. Koma nthawi zina zimapezekanso nthawi yayitali.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mtundu uliwonse wa mpheta uli ndi malo ake okhala.... Mutha kukumana nawo kulikonse, koma izi sizotheka kumadera ozizira kwambiri, komwe moyo uliwonse kulibe.
Amatsagana ndi munthu kulikonse. Mpheta zimazolowera kukhala ku Australia komanso nkhalango zamtchire, komanso nkhalango-tundra. Pali madera ochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi omwe mbalameyi sinapezeke.
Zakudya za mpheta
Mbalamezi ndizodzichepetsa. Amatha kudya zinyalala za anthu, zinyenyeswazi, tizilombo, mphutsi, tirigu. Nthawi yomweyo, sangatchedwe mbalame zochepa - amatha kuwuluka bwino kupita kwa munthu mu cafe yachilimwe ndikumudikirira kuti agawane naye.
Ndizosangalatsa!M'nyengo yozizira, m'chipale chofewa komanso kugwa kwa chipale chofewa, mbalamezi sizingapeze chakudya chawo ndipo, pokhala ndi njala, zimauma.
Ngati atakhala osasunthika kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, ndiye kuti atha kutenga china chake chomwe amakonda. Iwo sali adyera. Chakudya chokoma chomwe chimatsatirachi chimagawidwa pakati pa mbalame zonse zamgulu. Koma chakudya chosazolowereka chimawapangitsa kukhala ndi mantha, motero palibe chitsimikizo kuti adzaba ngati chakudya.
Kubereka ndi ana
Pakutha nthawi yachisanu, mutha kumva kulira kwa mpheta, komanso kuwona chitsitsimutso chawo. Izi ziziwonetsa kuyamba koyambirira kwa nyengo yokwanira. Nkhondo pakati pa amuna zitha kupewedwa pokhapokha nthawi zambiri. Atagonjetsa akazi, awiriwa amadzipangira chisa kumapeto kwa Marichi.
M'mwezi wa Epulo, mkazi amaikira mazira. Kawirikawiri chiwerengero chawo sichipitirira zidutswa 8. Ndi oyera ndi mabala ofiira komanso owala. Kukhadzula mazira ndi nkhani yabanja. Mbalamezi zimasinthana kuchita zimenezi milungu iwiri ikubwerayi.
Anapiyewo ataswa, kuwasamalira sikudutsa kwa akazi. Mwana atabadwa, makolo onsewa amachita limodzi kudyetsa ndi kusamalira ana omwe sanakhwimebe. Choncho, anapiye mofulumira kwambiri kukhala amphamvu ndi kuuluka chisa. Munthawi imeneyi, makolo amasamalira ana amtsogolo ndipo amatengedwa ndi mazira ena. Ngati moyo ungavomereze, pamatha kukhala pafupifupi katatu chaka chilichonse.
Adani achilengedwe
Ngakhale amalimbana, mpheta zimakhala ndi adani ambiri m'chilengedwe. Oopsa kwambiri ndi amphaka osochera. Amatha kugwira "owonera" ndikudya. Masana, mpheta zimakodwa ndi mpheta, zomwe zimatha kuuluka mwadzidzidzi kuseri kwa nyumba kapena mitengo yomwe imakhala ngati pogona ndikudumphira mbalame zosazindikira. Usiku kadzidzi ndi adani a mpheta.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mpheta ndizofala padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu. Palibe munthu wotero yemwe sanawonepo mbalameyi m'moyo wake. Saphatikizidwe mu Red Book, koma kufunikira kwawo ndikosakayikira. Chifukwa chake, ndi munthu yekhayo amene ayenera kuteteza mbalamezi.
Koma nthawi zina, mbalamezi zimawononga kwambiri kuposa zabwino. M'madera akulu okhala m'matawuni, momwe mulibe mbalame zambiri zomwe zimadya tizilombo, mpheta zimathandiza kwambiri. Ndiwo omwe amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (kachilomboka, mbozi, midge), komanso adani ena a zomera. Koma pakutha nyengo yachilimwe, chithunzicho chimasintha kwambiri. Mbalame zowetedwa, chifukwa chakusowa kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, zimayamba kudyetsa zakudya zamasamba, chifukwa chake zimaukira minda yomwe ili ndi zokolola zakumunda, komanso minda yamphesa ndi minda ya zipatso.
Zofunika!Kuukira kwakukulu kwa mbalamezi kumawononga kwathunthu zipatso ndi mikate yosiyanasiyana. Zimakhala zovuta kuthana nazo, chifukwa mpheta sizimva mantha chifukwa cha njoka zazikulu ndi zoopsa zomwe zimayikidwa m'minda ndi minda. Ubwino wa mpheta nthawi zambiri sudziwika, ndipo kuvulala komwe kumachitika nthawi yomweyo kumakupangitsani kudzionetsera.
Aliyense amadziwa nkhaniyi pamene anthu achi China amaganiza kuti mpheta ndizo zowononga mpunga wawo. Pachifukwa ichi, mbalameyi idakhala mdani wamkulu, kenako kuwonongedwa kwake kunatsatira. Podziwa kuti mpheta sizingathe kuwuluka kwa mphindi zopitilira 15, anthu sanangowaloleza kuti agwere, ndipo mbalamezo zinagwa pansi chifukwa chosowa mphamvu kale zitafa. Koma zitatha izi, mdani weniweni adabwera - tizilombo, tomwe tidachulukirachulukira kotero kuti padalibe zokolola chaka chonsecho. Chifukwa cha ichi, anthu opitilira 30 zikwi za anthu aku China adamwalira ndi njala.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Gull
- Rook
- Lark
- Khwangwala
Poyamba, zitha kuwoneka kuti mpheta ndi mbalame yodekha komanso yodekha, yomwe siyodziwika ndi nzeru kapena luntha. M'malo mwake, nthumwi iliyonse yamtundu wa mbalameyi imakhala yovuta kuumirira, yokumbukira bwino, komanso kucheza kwambiri. Mbalamezi nthawi zonse zimateteza malo awo, komanso zimazungulira ana awo ndi chisamaliro chofunda.
