Ndowe zimakonda ndowe. Aigupto ankakhulupirira kuti zipilala zimazungulira dzuwa mlengalenga. Anthu adapanga magudumu mu 3500 BC, ndipo nyongolotsi zochenjera zidasuntha mipira yazinyalala pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu zaka 50 miliyoni ma piramidi asanawonekere.
Njira yosavuta yosunthira chilichonse ndikupukusa mpira. Manyowa ndi omata, choncho akagudubuzika, amatolera tinthu tina tambiri tambiri. Izi zikufanana ndikupanga magawo a munthu wachisanu.
Chifukwa chiyani manyowa ndi milu ya manyowa amasiyana
Ndi kaonedwe kakang'ono kwambiri, kachilomboka kakang'ono kakukankhira mpira waukulu wa ndowe. Ndowe zazing'ono zimayendetsa mipira ya ndowe, chifukwa chake dzina lawo. Amachotsa michere ndi mphamvu kuchipindacho. Amakonda ndowe za herbivore chifukwa zimakhala ndi zakudya zambiri. Mosiyana ndi izi, manyowa a nyama zodya nyama alibe phindu lililonse. Koma manyowa abwino kwambiri amapangidwa ndi nyama zamphongo zomwe zimadya zomera ndi nyama.
Chikumbu chimakonda ndowe "zonunkhira" kwambiri, kuphatikizapo chimpanzi ndi ndowe za anthu.
Kodi manyowa ndi otani?
Atapanga mpira watsopano wa ndowe, nyongolotsi zimasankha malo ndikukumba dzenje, zimakwiririra pansi, ndipo yaikazi imayikira mazira mdzenje. Pambuyo powaswa, mphutsi za ndowe zimadyetsa manyowa.
Nchifukwa chiyani kafadala akugwira ntchito molimbika
Tsoka ilo, chakudya ichi sichopatsa thanzi kwambiri. Mu usiku umodzi wokha, kachilomboka kamagudubuza ndikubisala manyowa, omwe ndi olemera nthawi 250 kuposa iwo. Chikumbu ndi ana amafunika chakudya chochuluka, choncho kachilomboka kakang'ono kwambiri kamayendetsa mipira ikuluikulu.
Osati nyongolotsi zonse, zotchedwa ndowe, ndowe. Pali mitundu yoposa 7000 ya kafadala, iliyonse yomwe yasintha ndikupanga ukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito coprolite.
Mitundu ya ndowe kafadala
Kupukuta
Ili ndiye gulu lodziwika bwino la kafadala, amakalipira ndowe mu mipira ndipo amasankha modabwitsa za komwe amakhala komanso momwe amaikira mazira, chifukwa chake amayenda mtunda wopitilira 200 m asanaikemo mpira pansi.
Zikopa
Kabanga kachilomboka sikamathamanga ndi milu ya ndowe kuwirikiza katatu kulemera kwake. M'malo mwake, amapanga mpira ndikubisa manyowa pomwe adawapeza.
Kungokhala
Gulu lachitatu limangokumba ndowe kulikonse komwe lingagone. Pali kafadala omwe samadya ndowe, posankha zipatso zowola, zomera zowola, kapena bowa omwe amamera ndi ndowe.
10% yokha ya kafadala. Mbali zambiri za kachilomboka zimapanga mipira ndi masamba pomwe zinapeza ndowe.
Maonekedwe a ndowe
Artropods amakhala zaka zitatu mwachilengedwe. Kukula kwawo sikofanana, amapezeka kuchokera ku tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta 5-cm.
Mitundu yonse ya ndowe imakhala ndi matupi amdima otchingidwa ndi chipolopolo chomwe chimateteza kugwa kapena kukanda, koma osati kuzilombo. Chimbalangondo, monga nyamakazi zina zambiri, zimayenda mozungulira pansi, koma zilinso ndi mapiko. Chikumbu chikakhala pangozi, chimatambasula mapiko ake ndikuuluka.
Momwe mbozi zimaswana
Pokweza matako awo, amuna amatulutsa pheromone, yomwe imachenjeza akazi za mphotho yabwino yomwe adzawayembekezera. Akazi amafunika mpira wowotcha wa coprolite momwe amaikira mazira. Mkazi amatulutsa mazira 5 okha pamoyo wake, motero amakhala wosankha kwambiri.
Miyambo yosiyanasiyana yaukwati
Njondayo imagubuduza manyowa, dona amamutsatira. Akazi ena amayenda pamwamba pa ndowe, choncho chachimuna chimakankhira kulemera kwambiri! Amuna ena amakankhira mpira mumphangayo, ndikuyimirira pamutu pawo, amatulutsa pheromone, ndikunyengerera wamkazi kuti abwere mu chisa chomwe anakumbacho.
Mphutsi ya ndowe imaswa kuchokera mu dzira kumadyetsa ndowe kuchokera mkatimo, mbozi zikuluzikulu zimadya kunja kwa mpira.
