Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Zimakhala zovuta kuyerekezera kuti mbalame yakutchire imatha kuseka. Komabe, ngakhale izi zimachitika mwachilengedwe. Nyama yamphongo yomwe imamveka motere imatchedwa pang'ono (kuchokera ku mawu oti "kufuula").
Amakhala moyo wake wonse m'madambo ndipo nthawi zina amamukumbutsa za kupezeka kwake mokweza kwambiri kotero kuti mawu ake amatha kumveka mkati mwa makilomita angapo. Maluso achilengedwe a mbalameyi amatheketsa kutsanzira kuseka ndi kufuula, komanso mawu ena apachiyambi: kubangula, kubangula, kulira kwa ng'ombe, phokoso lamapope amadzi.
Koposa zonse mwayi ndikumva "zisudzo zapamtunda" zotere m'madambo masika kapena chilimwe. Kawirikawiri "zoimbaimba" zimachitika usiku, madzulo madzulo kapena m'mawa kwambiri. Izi zitha kuwoneka zosangalatsa kwa akatswiri azachilengedwe, koma anthu osasintha omwe amasochera mumdima kumalo akutali komanso owopsa nthawi zambiri amakhala owopsa.
Ngakhale opanga mafilimu akhala ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito kuseka kwa mbalameyi pazowopsa m'madambo a m'nkhalango m'mafilimu. Ndipo maluso oterewa amagwiradi ntchito ndipo amapangitsa chidwi cha omvera, omwe amakhala ovuta kwambiri.
Makolo athu nawonso anali ndi mantha mbalame yolira ikulira, ponena kuti mawu amenewa ndi achinyontho kapena nyongolotsi. Amawopa kupita okha kumalo owopsa otere, komwe, m'malo mwa nthaka yolimba, dambo lowopsa kwambiri limawonekera mwadzidzidzi pansi pa mapazi awo, ndipo ngakhale makonsati okhala ndi repertoire yofananayo amaperekedwa mumdima. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kumveka kumeneku m'dambo usiku kunanenedwa posachedwa kuti ndi malodza oyipa, ndipo pang'ono palokha limadziwika ndi dzanja lowala ngati chizindikiro chonyansa.
M'malo mwake, mbalame yomwe imatulutsa nyimbo zosamveka bwino komanso zosasangalatsa sizimawoneka zowopsa kunja. Zoona, simungamuyitane wokongola kwambiri.
Ali ndi chovala chansalu chofewa, chofiirira, chosungunuka ndi zovuta zambiri zakuda zakuda, kuphatikiza mitundu yambiri ndi mikwingwirima. Koma wokhalamo m'madambo safuna kuwala kwambiri.
"Chovala" choterechi chimapangitsa kuti chisakhale chosaoneka bwino poyerekeza ndi malo ozungulira owoneka bwino okhala ndi nthambi zowuma, udzu, wokhala ndi bango ndi bango.
Mbalameyi ili ndi milomo yayitali, yofanana ndi yolunjika; pansi pake pamakhala maso ang'onoang'ono ozungulira. Miyendo ikufanana ndi miyendo ya nkhuku. Zala zitatu zimatuluka kutsogolo ndi chimodzi chammbuyo, ndipo zonse zinayi zimathera ndi zikhadabo zazitali zopindika.
Mbalamezi zimafanana kwambiri ndi chimeza. Ndipo kufanana uku ndikofunikira kwambiri kotero kuti akatswiri am'madzi amati onsewa ndi amtundu umodzi wa heron. Komabe, pali zosiyana zambiri pakati pa oimira awiriwa azinyama, zomwe zimawoneka mosavuta.
Munthu amangofanizira zitsamba, zokoma komanso zazitali, ndi zakumwa. Mphukira, zotsalazo ndizotsika pang'ono (pafupifupi 70 cm), ali ndi chisomo chochepa. Ndipo kodi ndi njira yanji yokoka mutu wawo m'mapewa, momwe khosi lawo, silofupikirako, limakhala losaoneka kuseri kwa chivundikiro cha nthenga, ndipo miyendo ikuwoneka ngati yayikulu kwambiri ndi thupi lonse, ngati nyumba yochokera ku nthano ya nkhuku miyendo.
Chifukwa chakupezeka kwamikhalidwe yodziwikiratu, mbalame zomwe zafotokozedwazo zidaphatikizidwa mgulu laling'ono la ma bitters ndikudzipatula kumtundu: bitterns. Gulu lina, kuphatikiza onse omwe amawaimira, ndi dongosolo la adokowe.
Imwani mawu amapeza chiyambi chake chifukwa chakuti mbalamezi zimatulutsanso mbalamezo zomwe zimagwira nawo mbali, yomwe imakhala ngati resonator. Mpweya umalowamo, umafufuma, pomwe umabuula ndikung'ung'uza ngati lipenga la ku Yeriko.
Chifukwa chake, chikhalidwe cha mbalamezi chimapezeka: "hou" wowuma, wamwano komanso wofuula; otsika "u-trumb"; okwera komanso odekha "s" ophatikizika ndi ma meows okhumudwitsa, komanso manambala ena osangalatsa ochokera ku repertoire ya mayi wachisokonezo uyu.
Chifukwa chake, kuseka kwake sikukutanthauza konse kuti akusangalala. Kungoti mbalame imakhala ndi physiology yotere. Koma kulira kopatsa chidwi, kofanana ndi kubangula kwa ng'ombe, kumatulutsidwa ndi amuna, kuyesa kukopa abwenzi awo nthawi yakumasirana.
Pachifukwachi, ndichizoloŵezi kutchula zolengedwa zamapikozi m'zinenero za Chibelarusi ndi Chiyukireniya "Bugai", kutanthauza "ng'ombe zamadzi". Imwani pachithunzichi ingathandize kuzindikira momwe mbalameyi imachokera.
Mitundu
Bittern sichipezeka kawirikawiri m'chilengedwe masiku ano, ndipo mitundu ina, zachisoni, yafa yonse. Cholinga chake ndikuchepa kwakukulu kwa malo azinyumba chifukwa cha ngalande zawo. Kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko kumayiko, omwe kuyambira kalekale amawerengedwa ngati osadutsa komanso ogontha, ndiye amachititsa chilichonse.
Komabe, panali pomwepo ma bitterns, omwe chikhalidwe chawo sichimavomereza malo ena, adakhazikika bwino. Koma zambiri pambuyo pake, ndipo tsopano tiona zina mwa mitundu yomwe idakalipo mpaka pano.
1. Imwani zazikulu... Oimira amuna amtunduwu amatha kulemera pafupifupi 2 kg, ngakhale anzawo ndi ocheperako. Msana ndi mutu wa mbalamezi ndi motley, wakuda ndi wachikaso, wamtundu. Pansi pake pamakhala poterera, pamawangamawanga ndi mawonekedwe abulauni. Mchirawo wakuda kuseri kwa bulauni wachikaso.
Mbalame zambirizi, kuyambira kumayiko aku Eastern Europe, zimapitilira ndikuphatikizanso Portugal, Afghanistan, Iran, kenako zimafalikira kum'mawa mpaka ku Sakhalin ndi Japan, kulanda Caucasus, Mediterranean, India, ndikufika kumpoto kwa Africa.
M'madera omwe nyengo imakhala yochepa, Bitis amakhala pansi. Koma kuchokera kumadera osavutikira amakonda kusamukira kumadera otentha m'nyengo yozizira. Samayenda m'matumba, koma m'modzi m'modzi. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi yophukira sathamangira kuthawa, osawopa nyengo yozizira komanso matalala oyamba achisanu.
M'chaka, kubwerera kumalo obisalira sikuchedwa kwambiri, koma nthawi yeniyeni imadalira dera. M'madambo a dera la Moscow, mbalame zoterezi zimapezekanso, koma chifukwa cha kusowa kwawo kwakukulu, zimatetezedwa mwapadera.
2. American bittern ndi wamkulu kukula poyerekeza ndi abale ake. Oyimira maufumu oterewa amadziwika kuchokera ku mitundu ya ku Europe ndi khosi lalitali, lowala komanso miyendo yayifupi yokhala ndi zikhadabo zazikulu.
Ndiwo bulauni wonyezimira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa mikwingwirima ndi mawanga. Tikafanizira kamvekedwe ka gawo la thupi, mapikowo nthawi zambiri amakhala akuda kuposa maziko a nthenga, khosi ndilopepuka, pamimba pamayera ndi chakuda. Pali zolengedwa zamapiko ngati izi ku USA ndi Canada.
Ngati ndi kotheka, amasamukira nyengo yozizira kumadera apakati a kontinenti yaku America komanso kuzilumba za Caribbean. Omwe amamwa za Dziko Latsopano amakondanso kupanga mawu odabwitsa, komanso, kulira kwawo kumakhala kwakuthwa komanso kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala kofanana, monga okalamba akale amalo amenewo amanenera, "phokoso la pampu yotseka."
3. Kuwawidwa mtima ang'onoang'ono kukula. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 36 okha, pomwe kulemera kwake kuli kochepera magalamu 150. Amuna ndi akazi amasiyana mtundu, womwe si lamulo, koma kusiyanitsa mbalame zotere. Oyambirira amadzionetsera ndi chipewa chakuda chamtundu wakuda wobiriwira.
Pamwamba pa nthenga zawo ndi zoyera poterera, pansi pa nthenga zokhala ndi zoyera zoyera zimakhala ndi ocher. Mlomo ndi wobiriwira komanso wachikasu. Amuna ndi ofiira osiyanasiyana ndikuphatikiza madera ocher. Mbalame zoterezi zimapezeka m'maiko ambiri, kuphatikiza madera akumadzulo a Russia, ndipo ndizofala kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi: ku Eurasia, Africa komanso ku Australia.
4. Kutambasula kwa Amur kulinso mbalame zazing'ono zingapo (zosaposa 39 cm). Miyendo ndi milomo ya oimira ake ndi achikaso. Ndipo nthenga zokha ndizofiyira-bulauni zokhala ndi mabwalo amdima osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Zilombo zamapiko zoterezi ndizofala makamaka makamaka ku Africa.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Malo omwe mbalame zathu zimapezeka kwambiri ndi ochuluka ndipo amafalikira kudera lalikulu la dziko lapansi. Mamembala ambiri am'magulu owawa amagawidwa m'malo ambiri aku Central Asia ndi Europe, koma amapezeka ku North America, kupatula malo okhala anthu ambiri, ovuta kapena, m'malo mwake, malo ouma am'maiko awa, momwe nyengo ndi nyengo sizoyenera kukhalapo kwa mbalame zoterezi.
Mitundu ina yazika mizu ku Australia ndi South America. Ngati chilengedwe chimaloleza, ndiye kuti mbalame, monga ma bitterns akuluakulu, komanso aku America, amakhala pansi, nthawi zina amayenera kufunafuna malo otentha m'nyengo yozizira.
Zovuta – mbalame yoyenda, ndipo madera oyenera omwe akukhalamo nthawi zambiri amakhala atadzazidwa ndi nkhalango zowirira. Koma ili ndiye vuto ndi zolengedwa zachilengedwezi.
Kuchokera ku zotsalira za mabango zomwe zimakhala pansi pa mathithi chaka ndi chaka, zigawo za nthaka yachonde kwambiri zimapangidwa. Ndipo amakopa munthu. Amayesetsa kulima ndikulima. Ndipo omwa ayenera kusiya malo awa.
Mwachitsanzo, ku England, pachifukwa ichi, mbalame zotere sizinapezeke kwa zaka zoposa zana. Iwo adasowa, ngakhale anali kale momasuka m'madera amenewo. Mwamuna - mdani, imwani komanso chifukwa kwa zaka mazana angapo adawasaka, akufuna kuwombera masewerawa chifukwa cha nyama yake yodyedwa, yomwe imawoneka yoyera, osanenepa kwambiri.
Bitterns safunikira madambo okha, koma zitsamba zowoneka zosadutsika, zokutidwa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ndi msondodzi, zitsamba. Ambiri amitundumitundu ya mapiko amakonda kukhazikika m'malo momwe mulibe madzi otseguka ochulukirapo, mwachitsanzo, nyanja zosayenda, m'madambo okutidwa ndi madambo, pafupi ndi mayiwe ang'onoang'ono komanso madera amitsinje.
Kumalo ngati awa, komwe munthu sanapikepo, amapangidwira zochuluka. Koma ngati madambo, ndiye kuti, chilengedwe cha mbalame zotere, sichikhudza, bittern amatha kukhala mwamtendere pafupi ndi munthu. Zowona, ndizovuta kuti anthu azitha kuziwona m'chilengedwe.
Kupatula apo, izi ndi zolengedwa zosamala kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi moyo wobisika. Kuphatikiza apo, iwowo pafupifupi amalumikizana ndi malo ozungulira. Mbalameyi ili ndi njira, poyembekezera zoopsa, kuti iime m'malo mwake, ngati yazika pamalopo, ndikukoka khosi lake ndi mlomo wautali kupita patsogolo.
Chabwino, chomwe sichiri msampha kapena nthambi! M'mitengo ya bango, pang'ono pang'ono imatha kugwedezeka ndikungogundana ndi mphepo, ngati chimeza chayimirira ndi mwendo umodzi, kutsanzira chomera chomwe chimasunthidwa ndi mayendedwe amlengalenga. Ndipo chibadwa ichi ndichinyengo china chachilengedwe, chobisika mwanzeru.
Komanso, ngakhale chinthu chokayikira chikayandikira, mbalame yoteroyo siyithamangira mosazindikira ndikubisala kumwamba. Iye, ngati mzati, adzatsalira, kubisala, kusankha mphindi yoyenera ndikumenya mdani mwamphamvu ndi mlomo wake wakuthwa.
Chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala naye, ndiwabisalira. Zamoyo zotere sizimakonda alendo, sizikhala bwino ndipo sizimalola kulowerera m'dera lawo. Ngakhale ndi abale, samapanga ubale wapadera, amanyalanyaza anzawo ndikusankha moyo wosungulumwa.
Ndipo ndi okhawo amene amauluka pakati pamitengo ya bango kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo. Ali mlengalenga, monga akadzidzi, amakonda kuuluka mwakachetechete, akuyenda molunjika, pomwe mapiko awo ozungulira amawoneka bwino, omwe nthawi zina amawapachika.
Zakudya zabwino
Zovuta – usiku-mbalame, ndipo amakhala mphindi zonse zamtengo wapatali zakukhalira kuti apatse chakudya m'mimba mwake, makamaka, amayenda m'chipululu, akusaka ndi mphamvu komanso chidwi. Chinyama chovuta komanso chosasangalala ichi sichingatchedwe kuti ndi munthu woseketsa.
Pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chimayenda mchithaphwi, ngakhale chomwe chatsalira, ndi choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, zachidziwikire, ngati chikugwirizana ndi kukula kwake. Makoswe amadzi ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mayibu, mphutsi, tizilombo ta m'madzi ndi mphutsi zimakhala nyama yawo. Koma chakudya chachikulu akadali nsomba, ndipo koposa zonse - achule. Ndipo apa, mwa zomwe amakonda, ma bitters amafanananso ndi achibale awo - ntchentche.
Mlenje wa mbalameyi amatuluka kwambiri: wopusa, wopsa mtima komanso wowongoka. Atadutsa kangapo, amaundana ndikuyang'ana nyama yake, ndiye, atapanga mphezi, amamugwira ndi mlomo wake, momwe amakhala osavuta, chifukwa cha chida chake chapadera, ngakhale zoterera poterera, ndipo mbalameyo imangokonda chakudya ichi.
Kuphatikiza apo, bittern imapangitsa kuwononga nthawi zonse zisa za mbalame zam'madzi zosiyanasiyana, kuwononga mazira ndikulanda anapiye kuchokera pansi pazomvera chisoni. Koma mbalame yodabwitsayi yosagwirizana siyiwala kuchenjera ndi kukhala tcheru ngakhale pakusaka kosangalatsa ndipo imakhala tcheru nthawi zonse. Ndi kuyamba kwa tsiku, amafunafuna kubisala munkhalango yowirira, komwe amabisala mpaka usiku wotsatira.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kupatula kufunafuna chakudya mbalame yam'madzi munthawi zina amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri ndi nkhawa zakubala ana. Mwa njira, akazi a mbalamezi ndi amayi openga kwambiri.
Amathamangira mokwiya kuti ateteze zisa zawo ndi anapiye, osadya msanga ngakhale pamaso pa nyama zowopsa komanso zazikulu, monga, monga marsh harrier, achifwamba owopsa okhala ndi nthenga ochokera kubanja la chamba.
Koma abambo achiwerewere amasamaliranso ana awo okhala ndi mapiko, ngakhale samachita khama komanso mopitilira muyeso. Ndipo kuda nkhawa ndi zisa ndi ana kumayamba mchaka, mbalamezi zikabwerera komwe zimakhalako kuchokera kumayiko ofunda atayenda nthawi yachisanu. Izi zitha kuchitika mu Marichi kapena Meyi, zimadalira nyengo ndi kapangidwe ka dera.
Momwe amuna amasangalalira anzawo pakuimba adatchulidwa kale. Nthawi zina kufunafuna "zokongola" zawo zazimuna zimayendayenda kwakanthawi m'madambo. Kuphatikiza apo, miyambo ya chibwenzi imaphatikizapo ziwonetsero za amuna, nthawi zina zimasanduka ndewu zachiwawa. Izi ndi mwadzidzidzi m'modzi mwa omenyerawo, wopanda ufulu wochita izi, aphwanya malire a gawo la winayo.
Zisa za ana amtsogolo zimakonzedwa ndi amayi osamala, ndikuziyika muntchire za mabango pa ma hummock. Ndipo mazira, omwe atha kukhala mpaka zidutswa zisanu ndi chimodzi, nthawi zambiri amawamasulira nawonso, ndipo abambo amangothandiza osankhidwa awo.
Anapiye aang'ono amaswa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake amaleredwa ndi makolo a ana azaka zonse, ngakhale abale ndi alongo amakhala mchisa chimodzi chosangalatsa. Ndizosangalatsa kuti anapiye, monga ochita zisudzo achikulire, amapanganso mawu osamveka. "Kulira" kwawo kumafanana ndi phokoso lamadzi.
Sipadadutse ngakhale milungu itatu anapiyewo atawonekera padziko lapansi, koma akuyesetsa kuti atuluke m'malo awo abata ndikuyang'ana dziko lowazungulira. Poyamba, mayi ndi bambo amapitiliza kuwapatsa chakudya, ndipo amayenda m'nkhalango zamiyala.
Anawo akakhala ndi masabata asanu ndi atatu, amapanga ndege zoyesa koyamba. Ndipo, atakwaniritsa udindo wawo wachilengedwe, makolo awo amalekana kuti apeze wokwatirana naye nyengo yamawa. Ma Bitterns samakhala ocheperako, nthawi zina amafika zaka 15, ndipo chifukwa chakuwachenjeza komanso kutha kubisala.
