Nsomba — nsomba ndi thupi lapadera, lokulirapo. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa arrow arrow. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya garfish imapezeka m'madzi otsuka North Africa ndi Europe. Sizachilendo kunyanja ya Mediterranean ndi Black Sea.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kwa zaka 200-300 miliyoni za kukhalapo kwawo, garfish yasintha pang'ono. Thupi limakhala lalitali. Mphumi ndi lathyathyathya. Nsagwada ndizitali, zakuthwa, ngati tsamba lothina. Pakamwa, pokhala ndi mano ang'onoang'ono ambiri, amalankhula zakadyedwe ka nsombazo.
Poyamba, azungu amatcha garfish "nsomba za singano". Pambuyo pake dzinali linadziphatika kwa eni ake enieni ochokera kubanja la singano. Kufanana kwakunja kwa singano ndi garfish kumadzetsabe chisokonezo m'maina.
Mphete yayikulu yakumaso ili mgawo lachiwiri la thupi, pafupi ndi mchira. Ikhoza kukhala ndi cheza 11 mpaka 43. Mapeto a caudal ndi ofanana, okonda amuna okhaokha. Mzere wotsatira ukuyambira pazipsepse za pectoral. Imayenda mmbali mwa thupi. Kutha kumchira.
Kumbuyo kumakhala kobiriwira buluu, mdima. Mbalizo ndizoyera imvi. Thupi lakumunsi limakhala loyera. Mamba ang'onoang'ono, a cycloidal amapatsa nsombazo chitsulo, choyera. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi 0.6 m, koma kumatha kufikira mita 1. Ndi thupi lokulirapo lochepera 0.1 m Izi ndizowona pamitundu yonse ya nsomba, kupatula garfish ya crocodile.
Chimodzi mwazinthu za nsombazi ndi mtundu wa mafupa: ndi wobiriwira. Izi ndichifukwa cha pigment ngati biliverdin, yomwe ndi imodzi mwazinthu zamagetsi. Nsomba imadziwika ndi chilengedwe. Samakakamira kutentha ndi mchere wamadzi. Kutalika kwake kumaphatikizapo nyanja zam'madera otentha, komanso madzi omwe amatsuka ku Scandinavia.
Mitundu yambiri yamtundu wa garfish imakonda kukhala pagulu m'malo mokhalokha. Nthawi yamasana imayenda mwakuya pafupifupi mamita 30-50. Madzulo imawuka pafupifupi pamwamba pomwepo.
Mitundu
Gulu lachilengedwe limaphatikizapo mibadwo isanu ndi mitundu pafupifupi 25 ya nsomba za garfish.
- European garfish ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri.
Amatchedwanso wamba kapena Atlantic garfish. Mzungu garfish pachithunzichi amawoneka ngati nsomba ya singano yokhala ndi mlomo wautali, wa mano.
Garefish wamba, yemwe amabwera ku North Sea kuti adzadye nthawi yotentha, amadziwika ndi kusuntha kwakanthawi. Sukulu za nsombazi kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira zimapita kumadzi ofunda kugombe la North Africa.
- Sargan Nyanja Yakuda - subspecies ya garfish wamba.
Ili ndi kope locheperako pang'ono la nkhanu zaku Europe. Imafikira kutalika kwa mita 0,6. Subspecies sikhala Black kokha, komanso Nyanja ya Azov.
- Ng'ona ya crocodile ndi yomwe imakhala ndi mbiri yayikulu pakati pa abale ake.
Kutalika kwa 1.5 m ndikwabwinobwino kwa nsomba iyi. Zitsanzo zina zimakula mpaka mamita 2. Sizilowa m'madzi ozizira. Amakonda malo otentha ndi madera otentha.
Madzulo ndi usiku, nsombayo imakopeka ndi kuwala kochokera ku nyali zomwe zimagwera pamwamba pamadzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, amakonza nsomba za sargan usiku ndi kuwala kwa nyali.
- Nsomba zam'madzi. Ndi nkhanu yamitundumitundu, yolimba.
Imafika mita imodzi ndi theka m'litali ndi pafupifupi 5 makilogalamu kulemera. Amapezeka m'nyanja zonse. Pokhapokha m'madzi ofunda. Amakhala m'malo amadzi pafupi ndi zilumba, malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja, nyanja.
- Nsomba zaku Far East.
Amapezeka pagombe la China, m'madzi azilumba za Honshu, Hokaido. M'chilimwe, imayandikira gombe la Russia Far East. Nsombazo ndi zapakatikati kukula kwake, pafupifupi 0.9 m.Chosiyana ndi mikwingwirima yabuluu m'mbali.
- Mdima wakuda kapena nsomba yakuda yakuda.
Iye ankadziwa bwino nyanja zozungulira South Asia. Amasunga pafupi ndi gombe. Ili ndi chinthu chosangalatsa: pamafunde otsika, nkhanuyo imadziunjikira pansi. Kuzama mokwanira: mpaka 0,5 m. Njira iyi imakupatsani mwayi wopulumuka kutsika kwamadzi pamadzi otsika.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yam'madzi, pali mitundu ingapo yamadzi amchere. Onse amakhala m'mitsinje yotentha ya India, Ceylon, ndi South America. M'njira yawo yamoyo, samasiyana ndi abale am'nyanja. Nyama zomwezo zimapha nyama iliyonse yaying'ono. Zowononga zimapangidwa kuchokera kubisalira, kuthamanga kwambiri. Amagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Ocheperako kuposa abale awo am'madzi: samapitilira 0.7 m.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Sargan ndi chilombo chosasankha. Kuukira kwothamanga kwambiri ndi mtundu waukulu wa kuukira kwa nsombayi. Mitundu ikuluikulu imakonda kukhala yokhayokha. Ovutikawo akubisalira. Oyandikana nawo omwe ali ndi mtundu wawo amayambitsa mpikisano wosafunikira mdera la ziweto ndipo zimawopseza ndi kuwombana koopsa mpaka kudya kwa mdani.
Mitundu yapakatikati ndi yaying'ono imapanga magulu. Njira yothandizirana kukhalapo imathandizira kusaka moyenera ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopulumutsa moyo wawo. Nsombazi zimapezeka m'madzi am'madzi. Koma ndi ma aquarist oyenerera okha omwe angadzitamande posunga nsomba zachilendozi.
Kunyumba, garfish sikukula kuposa 0.3 m, komabe, gulu la nsomba zoboola ngati siliva limafunikira madzi ambiri. Ikhoza kuwonetsa chilengedwe chake ndikudya oyandikana nawo m'malo okhala.
Mukasunga madzi am'madzi am'madzi oyera, ndikofunikira kuwunika kutentha kwa madzi ndi acidity. Thermometer iyenera kuwonetsa 22-28 ° C, woyesa acidity - 6.9… 7.4 pH. Chakudya cha aquarium garfish chimafanana ndimikhalidwe yawo - izi ndi zidutswa za nsomba, chakudya chamoyo: magaziworms, shrimps, tadpoles.
Arrowfish imawonetsanso chidwi chodumpha kunyumba. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito aquarium, amachita mantha, amatha kudumpha m'madzi ndikuvulaza munthu ndi mlomo wakuthwa. Yakuthwa, yothamanga kwambiri nthawi zina imawononga nsomba yokha: imaphwanya ophatikizika, ngati zopindika zopyapyala, nsagwada.
Zakudya zabwino
Sargan amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono, mphutsi za mollusk, zopanda mafupa. Zipsera za garfish zimatsata sukulu za omwe angatenge nyama, mwachitsanzo, anchovy, mullet wachinyamata. Ma Bocoplavas ndi ma crustaceans ena nthawi zonse amakhala chakudya chafishfish. Nsombazi zimanyamula tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwa m'madzi. Magulu a garfish amasuntha pambuyo pa sukulu zazing'ono zam'madzi. Izi zachitika m'njira ziwiri:
- Kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba - kuyendayenda tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Kuchokera pagombe mpaka kunyanja yotseguka - kusamuka kwakanthawi.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kutengera mtundu, garfish imayamba kuswana ili ndi zaka ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo. M'nyengo yamasika, madzi akamayamba kutentha, ziwetozo zimayandikira kugombe. Ku Mediterranean, izi zimachitika mu Marichi. Kumpoto - mu Meyi.
Nthawi yoberekera ya garfish imatha kupitilira miyezi ingapo. Kutalika kwa kubereka kuli pakati pa chilimwe. Nsomba zimalekerera kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa madzi ndi mchere. Kusintha kwanyengo sikukhudza kwenikweni kubala zipatso ndi zotsatira.
Nsomba zamasukulu zimayandikira kufupi ndi gombe. Kusamba kumayamba pakuya kwa 1 mpaka 15 mita. Mkazi wamkulu amayika garfish mtsogolo mwa 30-50 zikwi m'modzi. Izi zimachitika m'malo amchere, miyala kapena miyala.
Sargan caviar ozungulira, lalikulu: 2.7-3.5 mm m'mimba mwake. Pali zotuluka pachikopa chachiwiri - ulusi wokulirapo wogawana wogawana padziko lonse lapansi. Mothandizidwa ndi ulusi, mazirawo amamangiriridwa ku masamba ozungulira kapena kumiyala yamiyala yam'madzi.
Kukula kwa mluza kumatenga masiku 12-14. Kuswa kumachitika makamaka usiku. Mwachangu omwe adabadwa ali pafupi kupangidwa kwathunthu. Kutalika kwa garfish yachinyamata ndi 9-15 mm. Msuzi wa yoliki ndiwochepa. Pali mulomo wokhala ndi nsagwada, koma sanakule bwino.
Nsagwada zakumunsi zimayenda patsogolo kwambiri. Mitsempha imagwira ntchito bwino. Maso achikuda amalola mwachangu kuyenda m'malo owala pang'ono. Magetsi amadziwika pamapiko. Zipsepse za caudal ndi dorsal sizinakule bwino, koma mwachangu amasuntha mwachangu komanso mosiyanasiyana.
Malek ndi wachikuda bulauni. Ma melanophores akulu amabalalika thupi lonse. Kwa masiku atatu mwachangu amadyetsa zomwe zili mu yolk sac. Pa chachinayi, zimapita ku mphamvu yakunja. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo mphutsi za bivalve ndi gastropod molluscs.
Mtengo
Ku Crimea, malo okhala ku Black Sea, malonda a garfish amapezeka m'misika ndi m'masitolo. M'masitolo akuluakulu ndi ogulitsira pa intaneti, Black Sea garfish imagulitsidwa yozizira, yozizira. Timapereka nsomba zokonzeka kudya. Mtengo umadalira malo ogulitsa ndi mtundu wa nsomba. Itha kupita mpaka ma ruble 400-700 pa kilogalamu.
Nyama ya Sargan ali ndi kukoma kwabwino komanso kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino. Omega acid amathandizira paumoyo wamunthu komanso mawonekedwe ake. Kuchuluka kwa ayodini kumathandiza pa chithokomiro ndi thupi lonse.
Zosangalatsa za wolemba Kuprin ndizodziwika bwino. Asodzi oyendera, pafupi ndi Odessa, adalawa mbale yotchedwa "shkara". Ndi dzanja lowala lakale laku Russia, ma rollfish okazinga asintha kuchokera pachakudya cha msodzi wamba kukhala chosangalatsa.
Moyo wam'madzi umangogwiritsidwa ntchito osati wokazinga kokha. Kusuta kozizira komanso kozizira kosankhika komanso garfish ndi kotchuka kwambiri. Kusuta garfish kumawononga pafupifupi ma ruble 500 pa kilogalamu kwa okonda zokometsera nsomba.
Kugwira garfish
Ma Sargans pamtunda wautali amatha kuthamangira ku 60 km / h. Pogwira anthu omwe amawazunza kapena kuthawa omwe amawathamangitsa, garfish imatuluka m'madzi. Mothandizidwa ndi kudumpha, kuthamanga kwambiri kumatheka ndipo zopinga zimatha.
Sargan, atadumpha, atha kukwera bwato losodza. Nthawi zina, nsomba iyi imakwaniritsa dzina lake lapakati: arrow arrow. Monga choyenera muvi, nkhanuyo imadzikakamira mwa munthu. Pazovuta zingapo, kuvulala kumatha kukhala koopsa.
Ma Sargans, mosiyana ndi nsomba, samapweteketsa anthu mwadala. Akuyerekeza kuti kuchuluka kwa ovulala omwe apezeka ndi garfish amapitilira kuchuluka kwa kuvulala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha nsombazi. Ndiye kuti, kusodza nyama zam'madzi mu bwato sizosangalatsa zopanda vuto.
M'chaka, garfish imayenda pafupi ndi gombe. Zimakhala zotheka kuwedza popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamadzi. Ndodo yoyandama itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana nayo. Nsomba kapena nyama ya nkhuku zimakhala nyambo.
Kuponya nyambo mtunda wautali, amagwiritsa ntchito ndodo yopota ndi mtundu woyandama - wophulitsa. Ndodo yopota ndi ndodo kutalika kwa mita 3-4 ndi bombard imapangitsa kuyesa mwayi wanu patali kwambiri kuchokera pagombe kuposa ndodo yoyandama.
Kupota kungagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachikhalidwe: ndi supuni. Ndi bwato kapena bwato lamoto, mwayi wa msodzi ndi luso la usodzi zimawonjezeka kwambiri. Poterepa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chida chotchedwa "wankhanza".
Nsomba zambiri zomwe zimadyedwa zimapatsidwa ulusi wachikuda m'malo mwa nyambo. Pogwira garfish, wankhanza wopanda mbedza amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nsombayo imagwira ulusi wambiri kuti izitsanzira nyambo. Mano ake ang'onoang'ono, akuthwa amakodwa ndi ulusi wa nsalu. Zotsatira zake, nsomba imagwidwa.
Kuphatikiza pa kusodza kwakanthawi, palinso kuwedza mivi. M'madzi achi Russia, zochepa za Sargan wa Nyanja Yakuda... Pa Peninsula yaku Korea, munyanja yotsuka Japan, China, Vietnam, garfish ndichofunikira kwambiri pakampani yosodza.
Maukonde ndi mbedza zokopa amagwiritsa ntchito ngati zida zophera nsomba. Nsomba zapadziko lonse lapansi zimakhala pafupifupi matani 80 miliyoni pachaka. Gawo la garfish mu ndalamazi siliposa 0.1%.
