Astrilda (Estrilda) - mbalame zazing'ono zazikulu za mbalame za mbalame (Estrildidae). Mtundu wa Astrilda umaimiridwa ndi mitundu ikuluikulu khumi ndi isanu ndi iwiri.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Oluka nsalu, mosasamala mtundu wa zamoyozo, ali ndi milomo pafupifupi yotuluka, ndipo zambiri zakunja zimatha kusiyanasiyana:
- marsh astrild (Estrilda radiodisola) - ali ndi thupi lalitali masentimita 10... Mitunduyi imayimilidwa ndi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi, yomwe imasiyana mitundu ya nthenga. Mtundu waukulu wa nthenga ndi imvi, bulauni, ofiira komanso akuda bulauni. Khosi limayera ndipo pamimba papinki;
- wavy astrild (Estrilda astrild) - ali ndi thupi, kutalika kwa 10.5-12.5 cm... Thupi ndi lofiirira mbali yakumtunda, yokhala ndi mapiko akuda ndi mawonekedwe a wavy. Chikhalidwe cha mitunduyo ndi kupezeka kwa mzere wofiira pafupi ndi maso;
- yellow-bellied kapena imvi-breasted astrild (Estrilda melanotis) - ali ndi thupi, lalitali masentimita 9-10... Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu imasiyana m'mitundumitundu. Mawonekedwe osankhidwawo ali ndi khosi ndi mutu wakuda wakuda, komanso chowonjezera cha lalanje ndi zotchinga chapamwamba;
- mbali yofiira (Estrilda thomеnsis) - ili ndi thupi, osapitilira masentimita 11... Amuna ali ndi korona wamtundu wabuluu, kumbuyo, ndi zokutira. Akazi amasiyana ndi amuna posakhala ndi malo ofiira kumbuyo;
- red-tailed astrilda (Estrilda cairulesens) - ali ndi thupi, osapitilira 10.5-11.0 cm kutalika... Amuna ndi akazi ali ndi mitundu yofanana. Gawo lakumutu la mutu, dera la khosi ndi kumbuyo, komanso mapiko ake ndi obiriwira motuwa;
- orange-cheeked astrilda (Estrilda melroda) - ali ndi thupi mpaka masentimita 10... Chikhalidwe cha mtundu uwu ndikupezeka kwa malo a lalanje pakati pamimba;
- imvi astrild (Estrilda trоglоdytеs) - ili ndi thupi lalitali masentimita 9-10... Pamwamba pa thupi lamwamuna, mtundu wa imvi-bulauni ndi mikwingwirima yosazindikirika imakhalapo, ndipo chifuwa chimakhala ndi pinki. Akazi ndi ofiirira ndipo amakhala opanda utoto wa pinki kwathunthu;
- frenulum astrilda (Estrilda rhodoryga) - ali ndi thupi losapitilira masentimita 11... Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana pang'ono ndi mitundu ya nthenga. Mawonekedwe akumpoto akuti ndi omwe amafala kwambiri.
Zosasangalatsanso mitundu monga mitundu yaimvi, ma enambrian ndi ma Arabia, akuda achikuda kapena oyera, komanso ma nkhope akuda, amisala yakuda, omata akuda komanso masaya akuda kapena elf.
Malo okhala ndi malo okhala
Mitundu yambiri imagawidwa kuchokera ku Angola kupita kumadera akumpoto kwambiri ku Zambia, komanso m'malo otsika a mitsinje komanso kumwera kwa Nigeria. Amapezeka ku Ethiopia ndi kum'mawa kwa Sudan, mdera lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Uganda komanso madera akumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Tanzania.
Amakhala m'nkhalango zazitsamba zazitali ndi mabango, zomwe zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje kapena pafupi ndi malo osungira madzi achilengedwe. Mitundu ina yamtunduwu imakonda kukhala kunja kwa nkhalango, kudera lamapiri, ngakhale pafupi kwambiri ndi malo okhala anthu.
Moyo ndi moyo wautali
Astrilds ndi osiyana, ochezeka.... Amayenda kwambiri. Mitundu yonse imakhala yokhayokha, chifukwa chake amakhala awiriawiri, ndipo yamphongo imagwira nawo ntchito yolera ana, kumanga chisa ndikuswetsa mazira.
Zaka zapakati pazamoyo zamtunduwu sizipitilira zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri mu ukapolo, ndipo wobiriwira wobiriwira mu khola kapena aviary amatha kukhala ndi moyo wopitilira chaka chimodzi.
Kusunga Astrild kunyumba
Astrildas amalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi alimi a nkhuku osati chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo komanso mawonekedwe akunja, komanso kuyimba kwawo kosangalatsa, kofatsa.
Mbalame zazing'ono zoterezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kucheza komanso kucheza nawo, amatha kuzolowera anthu mwachangu ndikusinthasintha mokwanira kuti azitha kubzala kapena kukwera ndege.
Kapangidwe ka selo
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yazimera mosavuta osati m'magulu osakanikirana a mbalame, komanso mkati mwa mtundu umodzi... Ma granivores ang'onoang'ono ndi oimira banja la nkhunda, kuphatikiza nkhunda yamizeremizere ya diamondi, adzakhala osangalala.
Zofunika!Khola kapena kanyumba kazikhala kakukulu kwambiri kuti mbalame ziuluke momasuka ndikukhala ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zofunika kuti zikhale ndi thanzi.
Wokonda kutentha Astrilda ndi ovuta kulekerera zojambula ndi kuzizira, chifukwa chake khola kapena aviary zimakhazikika muzipinda zotentha. Zomera zosiyanasiyana zimayikidwa mu aviary, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mbalame popangira mazira. Kwa nyengo yozizira komanso pogona, mutha kuyika nyumba yaying'ono mnyumba ya ndege.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mtunda wapakati pazitsulo zazitsulo mu khola kapena aviary sayenera kupitirira 10 mm. Odyetsa wamba, omwa, mbale zosamba ndi malo okhala, komanso nyumba zisa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodzaza ndi mitundu yonse yazinthu zina zowonjezera zomwe zimayikidwa m'makola ndi mndege.
Kusamalira ndi ukhondo
Pakusunga, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kusowa kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa, komanso kutentha kwambiri m'chipinda chomwe khola kapena aviary imakhalapo, ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chophwanya molting. Poterepa, nthenga zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osokonekera komanso osayera kwenikweni.
Zofunika!Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zotsukira zilizonse zomwe zimakhala ndi poizoni kutsuka khola kapena zina.
Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chamkati kumakhalanso ndi vuto lalikulu pa thanzi la chiweto chokhala ndi nthenga. Mbalame ziyenera kukhala zoyera. Kuyeretsa kwathunthu khola kapena aviary kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata, ndipo odyetsa ndi omwera ayenera kutsukidwa bwino tsiku lililonse.
Momwe mungadyetsere Astrilds
Astrildas ndi mbalame zokoma kwambiri, choncho chakudya chokhazikika cha canary chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chakudya chawo. Mwazina, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi ndi nthawi mupatse mbalame chakudya choyambira nyama, chomwe chimayimilidwa ndi ziphuphu, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi tizilombo tina tating'ono.
Mukamadzipangira chakudya chamawokha, ndibwino kuti musankhe tirigu yemwe waphuka, zipatso zosiyanasiyana, komanso mafotolo abwino opangidwa ndi mapira, mafoloko ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambewu ndikuwonjezera pang'ono pokha kapena makala ndi zipolopolo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Astrilda amadziwika ndi njira zosachedwa kudya, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mbalameyo, chifukwa chake kugaya kwamphongo mu nthenga yamphongoyo kumapita kanthawi kochepa.
Matenda ndi chithandizo
Matenda a mbalame zokongoletsera ndizosavuta kupewa kuposa pamenepo kuchiza chiweto chodwala kwambirindipo. Matenda omwe siabwino kwambiri ndi awa:
- fractures ndi tokhala;
- kuvulala khungu;
- kugonjetsedwa ndi nsabwe;
- zotupa ndi nthata za gamasid;
- knemidocoptosis;
- kugonjetsedwa ndi helminths;
- coccidiosis;
- chisanu kapena hypothermia;
- amayaka;
- zovuta zamatenda mukamayikira dzira;
- avitaminosis.
Vuto lalikulu limadza chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana akulu, omwe amayimiridwa ndi nthomba, salmonellosis, chifuwa chachikulu, aspergillosis, nkhanambo ndi chimfine cha mbalame. Mbalameyo ikagwidwa ukapolo, kuzindikira kwathunthu zosowa zachilengedwe zoyenda, chakudya, komanso mawonekedwe amachitidwe osiyanasiyana kumasokonekera, komwe kumayambitsa mavuto omwe amakhudzana ndi kagayidwe kake.
Zofunika!Vuto lazolowera ukapolo ndilovuta kwambiri kwa omwe agwidwa, mbalame zakale kale.
Ndemanga za eni
Mbalame zazing'ono zokongoletsera zimazolowera khola kapena aviary, koma mosiyana ndi ma budgerigars ndi ma canaries, amakhala osamala ndi eni ake m'miyoyo yawo yonse. Chikhalidwe cha mbalameyi ndi yamtendere komanso yodekha, koma ndizokhumudwitsidwa kwambiri kutenga chiweto champhongo m'manja mwanu kapena stroko, chifukwa panthawiyi nkhuku zimapanikizika kwambiri.
Astrildas ndiosavuta kusamalira, osadyera, ndipo safuna chidwi chochulukirapo. Mulingo watsiku ndi tsiku wopereka chakudya chambewu ndi supuni imodzi ndi theka pa mbalame yayikulu. Mbalame yozoloŵera bwino komanso yosinthidwa sizimayambitsa vuto kwa eni ake, komanso imaberekanso mosavuta, chifukwa chake mtengo wa chiweto chokhala ndi nthenga chotere nchotsika mtengo.
