Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Anthu akale amatcha woimira nyama uyu mvuu, ndiye kuti, "kavalo wamtsinje". Zikuwoneka kuti kalekale anthu ankakhulupirira moona mtima kuti akavalo ndi mvuu ndizofanana. Koma akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo, omwe pambuyo pake adasinthiratu nyama zadziko lapansi, amati zolengedwa izi zidachokera ku nkhumba zazing'ono, pokhulupirira kuti mawonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe amkati akugwirizana ndendende ndi gulu ili.
Komabe, atachita kafukufuku wa DNA, asayansi anapeza kuti mvuu zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi anamgumi. Kwa osadziwika, zimawoneka zosayembekezereka, zabwino kwambiri, koma zosayenera.
Inde, cholengedwa ichi, chomwe chimakhala ku Africa yotentha, chingadabwe kwambiri. Koposa zonse, ndi kukula kwake, chifukwa ndi imodzi mwazoyimira zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kulemera kwa mvuu angafikire matani 4.5. Izi si zachilendo m'chilengedwe, ngakhale sizinyama zonse zotere zimakhala ndi kulemera kwa thupi.
Pafupifupi, mwa achinyamata ndi 1500 kg yokha, chifukwa imatumizidwa m'moyo wake wonse, ndiye kuti, nyama yayikuluyo, imakula kwambiri. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kumapitilira mita imodzi ndi theka. Kutalika sikungochepera mita zitatu, koma kumatha kupitilira mamita 5.
Asayansi ena amaganiza kuti anamgumi ndi achibale apafupi kwambiri a mvuu.
Pakamwa pa zolengedwa izi ndizodabwitsa, zomwe poyera zimaimira ngodya, ndipo kukula kwake kuchokera m'mphepete mpaka kumapeto ndi mita imodzi ndi theka. Mvuu ikatsegula pakamwa pake, imachita mantha kwambiri. Osati popanda chifukwa, chifukwa ndi mano ake olimba komanso osalimba, amatha kuluma m'mbali mwa ng'ona. Ndipo, ndi njira, nthawi zambiri zimachitika.
Pakamwa pa mvuu ukatsegulidwa umaposa mita imodzi
Mvuu imadziwikanso ndi khungu lakuthwa modabwitsa, nthawi zina imalemera 500 kg. Mtundu wake ndi bulauni-imvi ndi utoto wa pinki. Iye ali wamaliseche kwathunthu. Ndipo ndi bristle yayifupi, yoluka komanso yoluka yofanana ndi ya nkhumba, yomwe imaphimba mbali zina zamakutu ndi mchira, ndipo pankhope pake pali ma vibrissae ambiri olimba.
Kukula kwa khungu kumatha kukhala mpaka masentimita 4. Komabe, khungu, popeza silitetezedwa ndi zomera zachilengedwe, silitha kuteteza eni ake ku nkhanza za kutentha kwaku Africa.
Mothandizidwa ndi cheza choopsa, khungu la nyama limapsa komanso limakhala lofiira. Koma monga chitetezo ku dzuwa lankhanza, komanso kumatenda owopsa, thupi limayamba kutuluka thukuta mwamphamvu, ndiko kuti, kutulutsa ntchofu yachilendo kwambiri. Thukuta la oimira nyama zotere lilinso ndi utoto wofiira.
Ndipo mawonekedwe ngati amenewo nthawi imodzi adapereka chakudya kwa ozilenga makatoni odziwika bwino aku Soviet Union, omwe anali ndi ufulu wouza izi mvuu - ngwazi chiwembu manyazi zochita zake zosayenera, ndipo kotero manyazi.
Khungu la zolengedwa izi limathanso kutulutsa ma enzyme othandiza kwambiri, omwe pakanthawi kochepa amachiritsa mabala, omwe nyama yolimbanayo yosatha imalandira zambiri pamoyo wawo. Koma chomwe chilombo chofotokozedwa ku Africa sichitha kudabwitsidwa ndi kukongola, chisomo ndi chisomo.
Ndipo mutha kutsimikizira izi mosavuta poyang'ana mvuu pachithunzichi... Mutu wake ndi wokulirapo (umalemera mpaka 900 kg), kuchokera mbali uli ndi mawonekedwe a rectangle, ndipo kuchokera kutsogolo ndikosalala kwambiri. Kuphatikiza ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono osagawanika, maso ang'ono okhala ndi zikope zathu, mphuno zochititsa chidwi, pakamwa lalikulu lowopsa ndi khosi lalifupi modabwitsa, sizikondweretsa diso ndi zokongoletsa za mizere.
Kuphatikiza apo, thupi la nyama ndilopangidwa ndi thumba komanso lopangidwa ndi mbiya, kupatula apo, limakhala pachikwanje chokulirapo, chomwe chimakhala chofupikirako mwachilengedwe mwakuti mvuu yodyetsedwa bwino yomwe ili ndi mimba yopunduka imayenda, ikukoka mimba yake pafupifupi pansi. Koma mchira wa nyamayo, waufupi, koma wonenepa komanso wozungulira m'munsi, umatha kudabwitsa, ngakhale kuti siwosangalatsa kwenikweni.
Nthawi yoyenera, mwiniwakeyo amagwiritsa ntchito kupopera mkodzo ndi zitosi pamtunda wautali. Umu ndi momwe mvuu zimawonetsera masamba awo, ndipo kununkhira kwachinsinsi kumapereka chidziwitso kwa abale awo za munthu wina, zomwe zimathandizira kulumikizana kwawo.
Mitundu
Nchifukwa chiyani asayansi adayamba kulankhula za ubale wa cetaceans, ndiye kuti, anamgumi okha, komanso nkhumba ndi ma dolphin, ndi mvuu zosiyana kwambiri ndi iwo pakuwona koyamba? Inde, anangonena zabodza kuti oimira nyama onsewa anali ndi kholo limodzi lomwe lidalipo zaka 60 miliyoni zapitazo.
Sizikudziwika kuti anali ndani kwenikweni, ndipo dzinali silinaperekedwe kwa iye. Koma lingaliro la ubalewu latsimikiziridwa posachedwa ndi kafukufuku wa zotsalira za nzika zokhala nzika zaku Hindustan - Indohyus, yemwe mafupa ake adapezeka mu 2007.
Cholembedwerachi chidadziwika kuti ndi mphwake wa cetaceans, ndipo mvuu zinali abale ake omaliza. Pomwe kholo la anamgumi linayendayenda padziko lapansi, koma pakupanga chisinthiko, mbadwa zake zidataya miyendo ndikubwerera kumalo oyambirira a zamoyo zonse - madzi.
Masiku ano mtundu wa mvuu uli ndi mitundu yokhayo yamasiku ano yomwe yapatsidwa dzina lasayansi: mvuu wamba. Koma m'mbuyomu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama izi inali yayikulu kwambiri. Komabe, tsopano mitundu iyi kuchokera pankhope ya Dziko Lapansi, mwatsoka, yasowa kwathunthu.
Mwa mamembala a mvuu yomwe idakalipo mpaka pano, mvuu ya pygmy imadziwikanso - m'modzi mwa mbadwa za mitundu yomwe idazimiririka kale, koma ndi ya mtundu wina, ndiye kuti, osati wofanana ndi mvuu yaikulu... Abale ang'onoang'ono awa a mvuu amakula mpaka pafupifupi masentimita 80, polemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 230 okha.
Akatswiri ena a biology amagawaniza mitundu ya mvuu wamba kukhala mitundu ing'onoing'ono isanu, koma asayansi ena, osawona kusiyana kwakukulu kwa omwe akuwayimira, koma kusiyana kocheperako kukula kwa mphuno ndi kapangidwe ka chigaza, amakana magawanowa.
Mvuu zikupezeka pano ku Africa kumwera kwa Sahara. Koma atagawidwa kontinentiyo. Ndipo ngakhale kumbuyo kwa Zakachikwi zoyambirira za nthawi yathu ino, akuganiza kuti adapezeka kutali kwambiri kumpoto, ndiko kuti, ku Middle East, ku Syria wakale ndi Mesopotamia.
Kusowa kwa nyama izi kumadera ambiri padziko lapansi, komwe idakhalako, kukufotokozedwa ndikusintha kwanyengo yapadziko lapansi, komanso m'njira zambiri pakusaka kwa anthu nyama izi kuti zikhale ndi nyama yopatsa thanzi, khungu ndi mafupa ofunikira.
Mwachitsanzo, mamba a mvuu okwera pafupifupi mita amawerengedwa kuti ndiabwino kwambiri kuposa mano a njovu, chifukwa samakhala achikasu pakapita nthawi ndipo amakhala olimba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amazipangira ndi zinthu zokongoletsera. Amwenyewo amapanga zida kuchokera kuzinthu izi, komanso zokumbutsa, zomwe, pamodzi ndi zikopa za nyama izi zokongoletsedwa ndi diamondi, zimagulitsidwa kwa alendo.
Tsopano chiwerengero cha atsogoleri a anthu mvuu africa osapitilira 150 zikwi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka komwe kukuwonetsedwa, ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono, kukucheperachepera. Makamaka chifukwa cha milandu yozembera, kuwononga malo okhala nyama zotere chifukwa chakukula ndikufalikira kwachitukuko.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimabweretsa anamgumi ndi mvuu ndi njira yopanda madzi m'madzi. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi, ndipo popanda chilengedwechi sangathe kukhala. Zilombozi sizimazika madzi amchere. Komabe, m'malo omwe mitsinje imadutsa munyanja, ngakhale sichimachitika kawirikawiri, imapezekabe.
Amathanso kusambira kuti athane ndi zovuta zam'nyanja posaka malo atsopano oyenera kukhalamo. Malo apadera, ndiye kuti, okwera komanso osanjikiza, maso awo amayang'ana m'mmphuno mwakutsogolo komanso m'makutu, komanso makutu, amawalola kuti azisambira momasuka osasokoneza kupuma ndi malingaliro azomwe zimawazungulira, chifukwa chinyezi nthawi zonse chimakhala pansi pamzere wina.
Mvuu m'madzi kuchokera m'chilengedwe, samatha kungomva, komanso kusinthanitsa ma siginolo apadera, kutumiza chidziwitso kwa abale, omwe amafanana ndi dolphin, komabe, komanso ma cetacean onse. Mvuu ndizomwe zimasambira bwino, ndipo mafuta owoneka bwino amathandiza kuti azikhala pamadzi, ndipo nembanemba zomwe zimathandiza kuti zizitha kuyenda bwino.
Zigawenga izi zimadumphanso bwino. Atadzaza bwino mapapu ndi mpweya, amalowa m'madzi, ndikutseka mphuno zawo ndi matupi awo, ndipo amatha kukhala pamenepo kwa mphindi zisanu kapena kupitilira apo. Mvuu kumtunda mumdima, amapeza chakudya chawo, pomwe kupumula kwawo masana kumachitika kokha m'madzi.
Chifukwa chake, amakhalanso ndi chidwi ndiulendo wapamtunda, ngakhale amakonda kuyenda usiku. Zowonadi, powala masana padziko lapansi amataya chinyezi chamtengo wapatali, chomwe chimasanduka nthunzi wochuluka kuchokera pakhungu lawo lopanda kanthu, lomwe limavulaza kwambiri, ndipo limayamba kuzimiririka ndi kunyezimira kwadzuwa.
Nthawi ngati izi, ma midge okhumudwitsa aku Africa amayenda mozungulira zolengedwa zazikuluzikuluzi, komanso mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimadyetsa, zomwe sizimangolepheretsa kupezeka kwawo kosavomerezeka, komanso zimathandiza achifwamba opanda tsitsi kuchotsa maliseche awo amaliseche a tizilombo todwalitsa, zomwe zingakhale zopweteka kwambiri ...
Mapazi awo, omwe amakhala ndi zala zinayi, amathandiza zolengedwa zapaderazi kuyenda pa dambo pafupi ndi malo osungira. Nyama imawakankhira kutali momwe angathere, mamina pakati pawo atambasulidwa, ndipo izi zimawonjezera mawonekedwe akuthandizira kwa miyendo. Ndipo izi zimathandiza mvuu kuti isagwere mu goo wakuda.
mvuu – nyama yoopsa, makamaka pamtunda. Wina sayenera kuganiza kuti m'manja mwa zinthu zapadziko lapansi, ndi khungu lake, iye ndi wotha kugwira ntchito komanso wopanda thandizo. Kuthamanga kwake pamtunda nthawi zina kumafika 50 km / h. Nthawi yomweyo, amanyamula mosavuta thupi lake lalikulu ndipo amayankha bwino.
Ndipo chifukwa chake, kupatsidwa chilombocho, ndi bwino kuti munthu asakumane naye. Chilombo chamtchire chotere chimangokhoza kuphwanya nyama ya miyendo iwiri, komanso kudya nayo. Izi zolemetsa nthawi zonse zimamenyana pakati pawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kupha mwana wa mvuu ngati si wake, koma mlendo. Mwa oimira nyama, ng'ona, mikango, zipembere ndi njovu ndizomwe zimayesetsa kukana omenyera khungu lakuda.
Mvuu imatha kufikira liwiro la 48 km / h
Mu gulu la mvuu, lomwe limatha kuwerengeka kuchokera pamitundu ingapo mpaka pamitu ingapo, palinso nkhondo zanthawi zonse kuti mudziwe malo awo pagulu loyang'anira. Nthawi zambiri amuna ndi akazi amapatukana. Palinso amuna amodzi omwe amayenda okha.
Mwa gulu losakanikirana, anyani amphongo nthawi zambiri amakhala osunthika m'mphepete, kuteteza atsikana awo ndi ana omwe ali pakati pa gulu. Zamoyozi zimalumikizana ndi mawu amawu, omwe amatulutsidwa panja komanso pansi pamadzi.
Nthawi zina kumakhala kung'ung'udza, kulira, kulira mahatchi (mwina ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa akavalo amtsinje), ndipo nthawi zina, kubangula, komwe kuli koopsa kwa mvuu ndipo kumafalikira mozungulira pafupifupi kilomita.
Zakudya zabwino
M'mbuyomu, anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mvuu zimakonda kudya zokha. Koma izi ndi zoona chabe. Komanso, popeza nyamazi zimathera nthawi yochuluka m'madzi, zikuwoneka zomveka kuyika mtundu womwe amadya ndere.
Koma izi sizomwe zili choncho. Zomera zimazitumikiradi ngati chakudya, koma kokha zomera zapamtunda ndi zam'madzi, zokhala ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma zomera zam'madzi, chifukwa cha mikhalidwe ya mvuu, sizimakopa konse.
Chifukwa chake, zikopa zamoyo zimapita kumtunda, komwe zimadyera m'malo abwino, mosamala poteteza ziwembu zawo komanso osalola ngakhale abale awo kuti adziyandikire kuti alendo omwe sanaitanidwe asasokoneze chakudya chawo.
Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha kususuka kwawo, kulemera kwamaulendo olemera kumavulaza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha munthu. Amapondaponda minda ndikukwera m'minda yamasamba, ndikuwononga mopanda chifundo chilichonse chomwe chimamera kumeneko. Milomo yawo yonyansa ndi chida chodabwitsa chomwe chimatha kudula udzu pamzu womwewo, motero ndikutchetcha chilichonse mozungulira munthawi yochepa.
Ndipo amayamwa mpaka makilogalamu mazana asanu ndi awiri azakudya zamasamba tsiku lililonse. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, pakudya chakudya, mvuu zimatulutsa mpweya wowopsa osati kudzera m'matumbo, monga zamoyo zina zambiri, koma kudzera pakamwa.
Koma mvuu – nyama osati chodyera chokha, nthawi zina chimasandulika nyama yolusa yolusa. Nthawi zambiri ndi achinyamata okha omwe amatha kuchita izi. Ziphuphu zawo zazikulu, zodzilimbitsa zokhazokha, mwapadera mpaka kufika kutalika kwa mita, komanso ma incis awo ndi chida chowopsa chomwe mwachilengedwe sichimapangidwira kutafuna zakudya zamasamba, koma kupha kokha. Ndipo pokhapokha ndi msinkhu, mano a nyama amakhala osasunthika, ndipo eni ake amakhala osavulaza.
Zakudya zovulaza sizothandiza kwenikweni kapena zimakhala ndi ma calories ambiri, chifukwa chake mvuu nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo nyama yatsopano pazakudya zawo. Chifukwa cha njala, amagwira mbawala, mphalapala, kuwukira ng'ombe zoweta, ngakhale kulimbana ndi ng'ona, koma nthawi zina amakhala okhutira ndi nyama zonyansa, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zosowa za thupi.
Pofunafuna chakudya, mvuu, monga lamulo, sizimayenda mtunda wautali kuchokera kumadzi, kupatula mwina makilomita angapo. Komabe, munthawi zovuta, kufunitsitsa kukhuta kumatha kukakamiza nyamayo kuti ichoke m'malo osangalatsa amadzi kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuyamba ulendo wapansi wapadziko lapansi.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Mvuu imakhala zingapo, pafupifupi zaka 40. Koma chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zolengedwa zotere zimabadwa nthawi zambiri m'madzi. Ngakhale mvuu zing'onozing'ono nthawi yomweyo zimatuluka m'mimba mwa mayi, zimayandama pamwamba pa dziwe.
Ndipo izi ndi chisonyezero china chofanana cha oimira nyama izi ndi anamgumi. Ana akhanda amamva bwino m'madzi ndipo amadziwa kusambira kuyambira mphindi zoyambirira. Poyamba amayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi amayi awo, koma posakhalitsa amapeza ufulu, akusunthira mwaluso m'dera lamadzi ndikumira.
Nthawi zina azaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, azimayi amakhala okhwima mokwanira kukhala ndi ana. Kukhathamira nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'madzi pafupi ndi gombe kapena m'madzi osaya, ndipo nthawi ina: mu Ogasiti ndi February, ndiye kuti, kawiri pachaka.
Ndipo mnzake wa akazi okhwima pagulu la mvuu nthawi zambiri amakhala kuti ndiye yekhayo wamwamuna wamphamvu, yemwe amayamba kupirira nkhondo zowopsa, zamagazi kwambiri ndi omwe akupikisana nawo m'malo ano.
Amayi a Mvuu amakonda kubereka okha. Chifukwa chake, akawona kuti patatha miyezi isanu ndi itatu ya bere, mizere yayandikira kale, amachoka pagulu kukasaka dziwe laling'ono, komwe pagombe amakonzera chisa cha tchire lodzaza ndi udzu, wopangidwira mbadwa yekhayo.
Ngati mwana wakhanda yemwe amapezeka m'madzi sangathe kuyandama payokha, mayi ake amamukankha ndi mphuno kuti asatsamwike. Makanda amakhala ndi kukula kwa mita ndi kulemera kwakukulu.
Nthawi yapadera, imatha kufikira makilogalamu 50, koma kangapo pang'ono, ndiye kuti, kuyambira 27 kg ndi kupitilira apo. Ndipo akapita kumtunda, makanda obadwa kumene amatha kuyenda mosavuta nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zina amabadwira m'mbali mwa matupi amadzi.
Mwana wakhanda, monga woyenera zinyama, amadyetsa mkaka, womwe ndi pinki wofewa kuchokera kuthukuta la amayi lomwe limalowamo (monga tanenera kale, mvuu, ntchentche yotulutsidwa ndi iyo ili ndi utoto wofiyira). Kudyetsa kotereku kumatha chaka chimodzi ndi theka.
Mvuu nthawi zambiri zimakhala kumalo osungira nyama, ngakhale kuti kuzisamalira sikotsika mtengo kwenikweni. Ndipo ndizovuta kuti apange malo oyenera. Kawirikawiri, pamoyo wabwinobwino, amakhala ndi malo osungira mwapadera.
Mwa njira, mu ukapolo, zolengedwa zotere zimakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wautali ndipo nthawi zambiri zimamwalira zili ndi zaka 50 zokha ngakhale pambuyo pake. Kuthekera kwakuswana kwa mvuu m'mafamu a nyama ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali kukuwerengedwa mozama.
