Mtundu wa nsomba Zowola chosazolowereka, thupi lake lalikulu limapangidwa ndi mutu waukulu komanso kamwa yayikulu, sikuti pachabe amatchedwa chowotcha moto. Kwa ambiri, mawonekedwe a rotan amawoneka osakopa, koma kukoma kwake kumatha kutsutsana ndi nsomba ina iliyonse yabwino. Tiyeni tiyesere kumvetsetsa ma nuances onse a moyo wa mdani uyu, ndikuwonekera, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Rotan
Rotan ndi m'modzi mwa nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray zochokera kubanja lowotcha moto, ndiye yekhayo amene amayimira mtundu wa nkhuni. Rotan ndi nsomba ngati nsomba, amatchedwanso udzu kapena chowotcha moto. Kwina pafupi ndi theka lachiwiri la zaka zapitazi, dzina loti Amur goby lidalumikizidwa ndi nsombayi. Zachidziwikire, rotan amawoneka ofanana kwambiri ndi ng'ombe yamphongo, koma ndikulakwa kuyitcha iyo, chifukwa sizikugwirizana ndi banja lawo.
Osati anthu ambiri omwe amadziwa kusiyanitsa ng'ombe ndi rotan, chifukwa chake ndiyofunikira kuyang'ana pa izi. Kusiyana kwake kuli m'zipsepse za m'chiuno: mu udzu amaphatikizidwa, ozunguliridwa ndi ang'ono, ndipo mu goby adakula limodzi kukhala choyamwa chimodzi chachikulu.
Rotana adabwera kuchokera Kummawa. Iye adakhazikika bwino m'malo atsopanowa, popeza anali ndi malo ambiri osungira nsomba zina. Mwina izi zidachitika chifukwa chowotcha moto ndi cholimba, chosadzichepetsa pachakudya, titha kunena kuti, mosasankha, mphamvu ya nsombayi ndiyodabwitsa kwambiri. Ngati mosungiramo mulibe nsomba zina zodya nyama, ndiye kuti ma rotan olimba amatha kutulutsa laimu, dace komanso carp. Mwachiwonekere, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwanso pakhosi.
Kanema: Rotan
Rotana amadziwika ndi mutu wake waukulu komanso kamwa yopanda malire, amakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nsomba zonsezo. Rotan ndi yosasangalatsa kukhudza, chifukwa thupi lake lonse liri ndi ntchofu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa. Mwambiri, nsomba iyi siyokulira kukula, rotan yolemera imalemera pafupifupi 200 magalamu. Mitundu yolemera theka la kilogalamu ndiyosowa kwambiri.
Rotana amatha kusokonezedwa ndi goby, koma imasiyana kwambiri ndi nsomba zina, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, momwe tingayesere kudziwa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Rotan
Thupi la rotan limakhala lokulirapo, loponyedwa pansi, koma osati lalitali; kuwonjezera pa ntchofu, imakutidwa ndi masikelo apakatikati.
Mtundu wa rotan umasiyanasiyana, koma matani otsatirawa amapambana:
- imvi wobiriwira;
- zofiirira;
- zofiirira;
- wakuda (mwa amuna pakubala).
M'dziwe lomwe lili pansi pamchenga, Amur wogona ndi wowala kuposa omwe amakhala m'madambo. Pakati pa nyengo yokhwima, amuna amasandulika kwathunthu (sikuti pachabe amatchedwa "zopsereza moto"), ndipo akazi, m'malo mwake, amapepuka.
Mtundu wa chowotchera moto siwofanana; uli ndi zowala zazing'ono komanso mikwingwirima yaying'ono. Mimba mwa nsomba nthawi zonse imakhala yakuda yakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi la nsombayo kumatha kukhala kuyambira 14 mpaka 25 cm, ndipo misa yayikulu imakhala mpaka theka la kilogalamu, ngakhale izi ndizosowa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri Amur wogona amakhala wocheperako (pafupifupi 200 g).
Mutu waukulu kwambiri wokhala ndi kamwa yayikulu, wokhala ndi mano ang'onoang'ono ngati singano, ndi khadi lakuyendera la chilombo ichi. Mwa njira, mano oyatsira moto amakonzedwa m'mizere ingapo, ndipo nsagwada zazing'ono ndizotambalala. Amakhala (mano) amatha kusintha kukhala atsopano nthawi ndi nthawi. Maso otumphuka a nsombazo amakhala otsika kwambiri (kumlomo wapamwamba kwambiri). Pa operculum pali njira ya msana yoyang'ana mmbuyo, yomwe ndi mawonekedwe a nsomba zonse. Chizindikiro cha rotan ndi zipsepse zake zofewa zopanda minga.
Zipsepse ziwiri zimawoneka paphiri la Amur wogona, kumbuyo kwake ndikutali. Mapiko a nsomba ndi achidule, ndipo zipsepse zam'mimba ndizazikulu komanso zokulirapo. Mchira wa chowotcha moto nawonso wazunguliridwa; pali zipsepse ziwiri zazing'ono pamimba.
Kodi Rotan amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Rotan m'madzi
Poyamba, Rotan anali ndi chilolezo chokhalitsa ku Far East mdziko lathu, ku North Korea komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, kenako idawoneka m'madzi a Nyanja ya Baikal, yomwe asayansi adatenga ngati kuipitsa nyanjayi. Tsopano chowotcha chafalikira paliponse, chifukwa cha kupirira kwake, kudzichepetsa, kutha kukhala opanda oxygen kwanthawi yayitali, kusinthasintha kwa maboma osiyanasiyana otentha komanso kusinthasintha kwawo, komanso kukhala m'madzi owonongeka kwambiri.
Rotan imapezeka m'chigawo chonse cha dziko lathu m'malo osiyanasiyana:
- nyanja;
- mitsinje;
- mayiwe;
- madamu;
- madambo.
Tsopano rotan imatha kugwidwa mu Volga, Dniester, Irtysh, Ural, Danube, Ob, Kama, Styr. Chozimitsira moto chimakonda kukokoloka ndi madzi amadzi osefukira, omwe amakhala pakati pa kusefukira kwamadzi. Sakonda mafunde othamanga kwambiri, amasankha madzi osasunthika, pomwe kulibe nsomba zina zowononga.
Rotan amakonda madzi akuda akuda, pomwe pali zomera zambiri. M'malo momwe nyama zolusa monga pike, asp, nsomba, nsomba zam'madzi zimakhala zochuluka, Amur akugona samakhala womasuka, kuchuluka kwake kulibe kanthu kwenikweni, kapena nsomba iyi siyomweyi.
Mu theka loyambirira la zaka zapitazi, bambo adakhazikitsa ma rotan m'madzi omwe ali mdera la St. Petersburg, kenako adakhazikika kotheratu kumpoto kwa Eurasia, Russia ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana aku Europe. M'dera la dziko lathu, malo a rotan amayenda kuchokera kumalire ndi China (Urgun, Amur, Ussuri) kupita ku Kaliningrad komweko, mitsinje ya Neman ndi Narva ndi Lake Peipsi.
Kodi Rotan amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Rotan
Ma Rotan ndi odyetsa, koma olusa ndi ovuta kwambiri komanso osakhutira, amathera nthawi yawo yambiri kufunafuna chakudya. Maso a zozimitsira moto ndi akuthwa kwambiri, amatha kusiyanitsa nyama yosunthira kutali. Ataona wovulalayo, Amur wogona amatsatira pang'onopang'ono, pang'ono pang'ono, kumangodzithandiza ndi zipsepse zazing'ono zomwe zili pamimba.
Pakusaka, rotan amakhala ndi bata lalikulu komanso kulumikizana, akuyenda mosadukiza komanso mozama, ngati kuti akuganizira zomwe akuyenda, ndipo luso lake silimulepheretsa. Makanda obadwa kumene a rotan amayamba kudya ma plankton, kenako ma invertebrates ang'ono ndi benthos, pang'onopang'ono amayamba kudya ngati obadwa okhwima.
Menyu yayikulu ya rotan ndiyosiyana kwambiri, samanyansidwa ndi chotukuka:
- nsomba zazing'ono;
- ziphuphu;
- matrakitoni;
- achule;
- zisamaliro.
Maudzu samakana caviar ndi mwachangu za nsomba zina, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawononga ziweto zake. M'madamu ang'onoang'ono, momwe mulibe nyama zina zowola, rotan imaswana mwachangu kwambiri ndipo imatha kukola nsomba zina, zomwe asodzi samamukonda. Osanyoza malasha amoto ndi nyama zamtundu uliwonse, ndikudya mosangalala.
Rotan, nthawi zambiri, amadya mopanda muyeso, amatenga nyama zambiri. M'kamwa mwake monsemo mumatha kugwira nsomba, zomwe zimafanana. Chovunda chokhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo chimakhala pafupifupi katatu, kenako chimamira mpaka pansi ndipo chimatha kukhala pamenepo kwa masiku angapo, kugaya chomwe chidadya.
Kulephera kudya kumakula pakati pa ma rotan, pamene anthu akuluakulu amadya anzawo ang'onoang'ono. Zodabwitsazi zimapangidwa makamaka pomwe pali nsomba zochulukazi.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zina rotan imayambitsidwa mosungira mosungira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, padziwe, momwe carpian carp idachulukirachulukira ndikupera, Amur akugona amachepetsa kuchuluka kwake, potero amathandizira nsomba zotsalazo kukula mpaka kukula. Titha kunena kuti rotan ndi wodzichepetsa mchakudya ndipo amadya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chimagwira, kudya kwambiri mpaka fupa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Rotan
Rotana angatchulidwe kuti ndi wokangalika, pafupifupi nthawi zonse wanjala, chifukwa chake wolusa. Zikuwoneka kuti amatha kusinthasintha ndi china chilichonse, ngakhale mkhalidwe wovuta kwambiri. Kudzichepetsa komanso kupirira kwa rotan ndizodabwitsa. Rotan amakhalabe ndi moyo ngakhale dziwe likuzizira kwambiri. Amapiriranso nthawi yowuma bwino ndikuchita bwino. Nsomba yodabwitsayi imangopewa kusefukira kwapompopompo, posankha zobisika, zokulirapo, zowuma, nthawi zambiri madzi okhala ndi matope.
Rotan imagwira ntchito chaka chonse ndikupitilira kugwidwa nthawi yozizira komanso chilimwe. Njala imamugonjetsera nyengo iliyonse, njala yake imachepa pang'ono panthawi yakumasirana. Ngati m'nyengo yozizira nyama zambiri zodyerana zimapanga ziweto zawo ndikupita kukasaka malo otentha, ndiye kuti rotan sikusiyana ndi izi. Akupitirizabe kusaka yekha. Ndi chisanu chokhwima kwambiri, chomwe chimabweretsa kuzizira kwa dziwe, chomwe chingakakamize ma rotan kuti agwirizane kuti apulumuke.
Palibe madzi oundana omwe amapangidwa mozungulira gulu loterolo, chifukwa Nsombazi zimatulutsa zinthu zapadera zomwe zimalepheretsa kuzizira, zimagwera mu daze (anabiosis), yomwe imayima ndikutentha koyamba, kenako rotan imabwerera kumoyo wabwinobwino. Nthawi zina m'nyengo yozizira ma rotan amalowa muntambo ndikukhalabe osayenda kwa miyezi. Njira imodzimodziyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi rotan pakagwa chilala chachikulu, osangokhala pansi pa silt, komanso mu kapisozi ka ntchofu zawo, zomwe zimawathandiza kupulumuka masoka achilengedwe.
Mitundu yonse ya kuipitsa samaopanso ma rotans, ngakhale chlorine ndi ammonia sizowakhudza kwenikweni. M'madzi akuda kwambiri, samangokhala amoyo, komanso amapitilira kuswana bwino. Mphamvu ya kugona kwa Amur ndiyodabwitsa, pankhaniyi, adaganiziranso za carp yodzichepetsa. Rotan amatha kukhala zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi zisanu, koma nthawi zambiri moyo wake umakhala kuyambira zaka 8 mpaka 10. Ichi ndi chilombo chachikulu mutu, yekha ndi zachilendo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Rotan yaying'ono
Rotan okhwima ogonana amakhala pafupi zaka zitatu; imayamba mu Meyi-Julayi. Pakadali pano, onse akazi ndi amuna amasandulika: wamwamuna amajambulidwa ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda, kukula kwina kumaonekera pamphumi pake, ndipo chachikazi, m'malo mwake, chimakhala ndi mtundu wowala kuti athe kuzindikirika mosavuta m'madzi amadzimadzi. Masewera okwatirana amatha masiku angapo.
Kuti rotan iyambe kubereketsa, madzi ayenera kutentha kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 20 madigiri ndi chikwangwani chowonjezera.
Chiwerengero cha mazira omwe mayi m'modzi amabwera chikwi. Amakhala ndi chikasu chachikaso komanso mawonekedwe olumikizika pang'ono, okhala ndi mwendo wolimba kwambiri kuti akhazikike bwino pazomera zam'madzi, mitengo yolowerera, miyala yomwe ili pansi. Pobereka, mkazi amasankha malo obisika kuti ambiri mwachangu azipulumuka. Wamphongo amakhala mtetezi wokhulupirika, woteteza mazirawo kuti aliyense wolowerera asalowerere.
Powona mdaniyo, rotan ayamba kumenya nkhondo, akumupukusa ndi chipumi chachikulu. Tsoka ilo, rotan sichitha kuteteza ana ake amtsogolo kuzilombo zonse. Mwachitsanzo, samatha kulimbana ndi nsomba yayikulu. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yolondera, yamphongo imagwira ntchito ngati fani, ikupukutira mazira ndi zipsepse, chifukwa amafunikira oxygen yambiri kuposa anthu okhwima. Chifukwa chake, kuzungulira kumapangidwa mozungulira iwo, ndipo mpweya umaperekedwa.
Ngakhale kuti champhongo chimasamala mazira mosatekeseka, ana akawoneka kuchokera kwa iwo, amatha kumadya okha popanda chikumbumtima, izi zimafotokozedwa ndikumenyera nkhondo kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso chizolowezi chodya anzawo pakati pa ma rotan. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti therere limatha kukhala m'malo amchere amchere pang'ono, koma limangobwera m'madzi oyera. Mitundu yodyetsa ya Amur yogona imawonekera nthawi yomweyo, kale tsiku lachisanu atabadwa, mphutsi zimayamba kudyetsa zooplankton, pang'onopang'ono kukulitsa kukula kwa nyama yawo ndikusinthira zakudya za akulu.
Kukula mwachangu kumabisala pakukula kwamadzi m'madzi, chifukwa amamva kuti atha kukhala chakudya chokha osati zokhazokha zina, komanso abale awo apafupi, kuphatikiza makolo awo.
Adani achilengedwe a rotans
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Rotan
Ngakhale kuti rotan palokha ndi nyama yosakhutira komanso yogwira ntchito nthawi zonse, ilinso ndi adani ndipo sagona. Zina mwa izo ndi pike, catfish, snakehead, asp, nsomba, eel, pike perch ndi nsomba zina zolusa. M'malo osungira nyama omwe amapezeka omwe amapezeka, Amur akugona samakhala womasuka ndipo kuchuluka kwake sikokwanira kwenikweni, m'malo awa chowotcha moto sichimakula kuposa magalamu mazana awiri.
Musaiwale kuti ma rotan okha ndi okondwa kudya wina ndi mnzake, akuchita ngati adani a abale awo. Mwachilengedwe, mazira ndi mwachangu wa rotan amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotupitsa kwa mitundu yonse ya kachilomboka kakumwa m'madzi, makamaka nsikidzi, zomwe ndizovuta ngakhale kwa nsomba zokhwima kuthana nazo.
Inde, pakati pa adani a rotan, munthu angathenso kutchula dzina la munthu yemwe samangomusaka ndi ndodo yosodza, komanso amayesetsa kuti amutulutse m'malo ambiri osungira zowola. Nsomba zambiri zamalonda zimavutika ndi rotan, zomwe zimawachotsera kudera lomwe kumakhala anthu. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri akuchita zinthu zingapo kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa ma rotan m'madzi amodzi, poteteza nsomba zina. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti ngati palibe zomwe angachite pankhaniyi, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala wowedza ndi ndodo kupatula rotan.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Rotan
Chiwerengero cha Rotan ndi chochuluka, ndipo dera lomwe amakhala limakulirakulira kotero kuti chowotcha moto chitha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kudzichepetsa, kupirira komanso mphamvu yayikulu ya nyama yolusa imeneyi. Tsopano rotan ili m'gulu la nsomba zamasamba zomwe zimawopseza ziweto za nsomba zina (zofunika kwambiri, zamalonda). Rotan yakula kwambiri kotero kuti tsopano asayansi akufuna njira zatsopano komanso zothandiza zochepetsera manambala.
Pofuna kuthana ndi rotan, njira monga kuthetseratu zomera zochuluka, kutolera mazira m'malo omwe nsomba zimadyera. Kuwononga kwa rotan, misampha yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo malo opangira zodzikongoletsera amakhazikitsidwa, ndipo mankhwala am'madzi osungira amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Njira imodzi iliyonse siyothandiza kwenikweni, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira yovuta kwambiri kuti pakhale chowoneka chowoneka.
Chodabwitsa kwambiri, koma kuchuluka kwa rotan kumalepheretsa chodabwitsa ngati kudya anthu. Nthawi zambiri, pomwe pamakhala zofukizira zambiri, sipamakhala nsomba ina iliyonse, motero olusa amayamba kudya wina ndi mnzake, kuchepetsa kukula kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, palibe chowopseza chokhudza kukhalapo kwa Amur wogona, m'malo mwake, icho chimakhala chiwopsezo chopezeka kwa nsomba zambiri zamalonda, chifukwa chake, anthu omwe adazikhazikitsa tsopano ayenera kulimbana nazo mwakhama.
Pamapeto pake imakhalabe yowonjezera, komabe Zowola m'mawonekedwe komanso osadziwika, mawonekedwe ake ndiosawoneka bwino, koma ali ndi kukoma kwabwino ngati amakonzedwa ndi manja aluso komanso odziwa zambiri. Anglers ambiri amakonda kusaka rotan, chifukwa kuluma kwake nthawi zonse kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kosangalatsa, ndipo nyama ndiyokoma, wonenepa pang'ono komanso wathanzi, chifukwa Chuma chambiri chofunikira kwambiri m'thupi lamunthu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 19.05.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 20.09.2019 pa 20:35
