Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nkhosa - imodzi mwazinthu zanyama zodziwika bwino zaulimi. Kuswana kwa nkhosa kumachitika pafupifupi m'maiko onse padziko lapansi, koma ziweto zazikulu kwambiri zimapezeka ku Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain ndi Middle East. Chogulitsa chachikulu pamsika wa ziweto ndi ubweya, koma nkhosa zimapangidwanso nyama, mkaka ndi zikopa.
Ntchito yoweta nkhosa idayamba pafupifupi zaka 8-9 zikwi zapitazo ndi achibale awo apamtima, mouflon, omwe amakhala m'mapiri a Central Asia ndi Southern Europe. Nkhosa ndi mbuzi zinali zowetedwa koyambirira kuposa ng'ombe, chifukwa ndizodzichepetsera pakusamalira ndi msipu. Panthawiyi, munthu adadyetsa galu, yemwe adakulitsa kuswana kwa nkhosa ndikuthandizira kuweta ziweto.
M'mbiri yonse ya kuswana kwa nkhosa, mitundu yopitilira 100 idapangidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo onse ali ndi mawonekedwe awo, koma kwakukulukulu, nkhosa ndizinyama zapakati zokhala ndi ziboda zazing'onoting'ono zokhala ndi tsitsi lopindika. Kutalika kwa kufota kumakhala kwa mita, kulemera kwake kumatha kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, pafupifupi, akazi amalemera 50-100 kg, amuna amakhala okulirapo pang'ono - 70-150 kg.
Nkhosa pachithunzichi pa intaneti nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera, koma pali mitundu ya nkhosa zofiirira kapena ubweya wakuda. Nyanga zilipo pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, koma mwa nkhosa zimawonetsedwa moperewera. Nyanga zamphongo zopotokola mozungulira ndipo zimatha kutalika kwa mita imodzi.
Mitundu
Kutengera ndi chandamale cha mankhwala, amakhulupirira kuti zotsatirazi zilipo mitundu ya nkhosa: ubweya, nyama ndi mkaka. Mitundu ya nkhosa yosangalatsa kwambiri:
1. Merino Nkhosa - nkhosa zabwino zaubweya, zowetedwa kale ku Australia. Nyama imodzi imapanga makilogalamu 10 a ubweya wofewa pachaka, ndipo pakadali pano ubweyawu ndiwopamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nkhosa sizodzichepetsa pakudyetsa ndi kudyetsa, koma zimatha kulekerera nyengo yamvula, ndichifukwa chake zipululu zazikulu zaku Australia ndizoyenera kuposa malo aku Russia. Kuphatikiza apo, ubweya wokutira wokulira umaphimba nkhosa pafupifupi kwathunthu ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala malo oswanirana ndi ntchentche, utitiri ndi tiziromboti tina.
Merino nkhosa
2. Romanov nkhosa - mtundu wosadzichepetsa komanso wofalikira ku Russia. Njira yayikulu yoperekera ndi nyama, pafupifupi kulemera kwa 70 mpaka 100 kg. Nyama ya nkhosa - yeniyeni, kwa munthu wosachita masewera, munthu wosazolowera amatha kuwona kununkhira kosasangalatsa, koma akatswiri amatsutsa kuti mwanawankhosa wophika bwino kwambiri amakhala wokoma kwambiri kuposa ng'ombe kapena nkhumba. Ubweyawo ndiwowuma, udula pafupifupi 3 kg.
Romanov nkhosa
3. Nkhosa za East East - mtundu wa mkaka. Pakati pa mkaka wa m'mawere, zokolola za mkaka zimatha kufika 500-600 malita a mkaka, pafupifupi malita 5 patsiku. Mkaka wa nkhosa onenepa komanso olemera mu mapuloteni, koma mtunduwu umafuna chithandizo choyenera; nyama zimakonda kwambiri za msipu ndi malo okhala.
Nkhosa za East East
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kwa nkhosa zoweta, nyengo yofunikira kwambiri sikutentha, koma chinyezi. Mtundu uliwonse ndi wovuta kulekerera mpweya wonyowa, koma nthawi yotentha samasamala za chisanu ndi kutentha. Chovala chokulirapo chimatsekera cheza cha dzuwa ndipo chimalola nkhosa kuti zisatenthe, ndipo nthawi yozizira zimawatenthetsa chifukwa cha kuzizira.
Pali "malingaliro osadziwika" omwe nkhosa zoweta - nyama zopusa. Zowonadi, munthu sayenera kuyesa kulungamitsa nyama zonse ndikuyesera kupeza mwa iwo zoyambira zamakhalidwe abwino. Kukula kwaubongo kwa nkhosa sikuwalola kuti awonetse kuchuluka kwanzeru, ngakhale kufananizidwa ndi makolo awo (nkhosa zamtchire anali ndi ubongo wopita patsogolo).
Amakhala oyipa kwambiri polumikizana ndi anthu komanso nyama zina, kumangoyang'ana gulu lawo lokhalo, ali ndi chidwi chochepa pazonse zomwe zimachitika, ndipo nyama zoweta zokha siziteteza ngakhale ana ankhosa awo.
Nthawi yomweyo, nkhosa ndizanyazi komanso zamantha. Nkhosa zikumveka amatchedwa kulira - mothandizidwa nayo nyama imalankhulana ndi abale ake, komanso imatha kuwonetsa nkhawa komanso kusakhutira.
Nkhosa ndi nyama zomwe ziweto zawo zidafika pachimake. Amatsogoleredwa m'zonse ndi momwe gulu lawo limakhalira, ndipo makamaka, nkhosazo zimamverera bwino. Nthawi zambiri samafunikiranso msipu - ingomangiriza nkhosa yamphongo, siyani galu ndi nkhosa, ndipo sizibalalika kulikonse.
Pali miyambi yambiri yomwe imagogomezera gulu la nkhosa ndi kupusa kwa nkhosa, mwachitsanzo, "amawoneka ngati nkhosa yamphongo pachipata chatsopano" (sangathe kuthana ndi vuto latsopano, losazolowereka) kapena "ngati gulu la nkhosa zamphongo" (pamodzi, pamodzi). Nthawi yomweyo, nkhosayo ndi chizindikiro cha kudekha ndi kudzichepetsa, chomwe chapeza tanthauzo lake lophiphiritsira mchipembedzo chachikhristu, pomwe Mulungu amaimiridwa ngati mbusa (m'busa), ndipo anthu ndi gulu lake lodzichepetsa.
Zakudya zabwino
Nkhosa, mosiyana ndi mbuzi kapena ng'ombe, sizimangokhalira kudya chakudya chawo ndi msipu. Ma incisors awo amakhala pakona mpaka nsagwada, ngati kuti akutsogola; Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka mano kamalola nkhosa kudyetsa mbewu pafupifupi pamizu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msipu ukhale wogwira mtima ndikupangitsa kuti zizikhala motalikirapo.
Nkhosa zimalandira zakudya zambiri m'nthawi yotentha nthawi yodyetsa. Pewani madambo kapena madera ouma kwambiri osadya msipu. Kudula nkhalango kapena dambo laling'ono ndilabwino, pomwe nkhosa zimadya osati udzu wokha, komanso mphukira zazing'ono, nthambi ndi masamba.
Sikoyenera kuletsa nkhosa kuti zisadye namsongole (tirigu wa tirigu, burdock), sizomwe zimakhala zochepa m'zakudya zopatsa udzu. Koma m'malo henbane limakula, celandine, dope ndi zina zapoizoni zitsamba za nkhosa ndi bwino kuti asachotse.
Ngakhale zonse zili zachilendo ndi nyama, zinthu zowopsa zimatha kusintha kukoma kwa mkaka, kuzipangitsa kukhala zowawa komanso zosasangalatsa. Kudyetsa kumayenera kutengedwa kuchokera kuminda ndi zibonga, monga zomera zina zokongola, monga kakombo wa m'chigwacho, ndizoopsa ndipo siziyenera kuphatikizidwa pazakudya za nyama.
Otaru sayenera kutengedwa kupita kumalo odyetserako ziweto mvula itatha, chifukwa udzu wouma umasinthidwa bwino mu ubweya wa nkhosa, ndipo umatha kuyambitsa chisoni. Munthawi yamatendawa, chinyama chimavutika ndi kudzikundikira kwa mpweya m'mimba, motero, kuphulika.
Cholinga chake ndikuti udzu wothirira mame kapena doge umayamba kupesa m'mimba. Chisoni chikapanda kuchiritsidwa, chisoni chitha kupha nyama. Chifukwa chake, kumayambiriro kwa masika, udzu udakali wachinyamata komanso wokoma, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa nkhosazo ndi udzu kapena udzu kuti athetse chinyezi chakudyacho.
Nthawi zina ziweto zimadyetsedwa mpaka mkatikati mwa nyengo yozizira, koma kuchuluka kwa chakudya msipu kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nkhosazo zimasamutsidwa kukadyetsa kwina. Choyamba, iyi ndi udzu wokololedwa, makamaka udzu wa clover, womwe umakhala ndi zomanga thupi kwambiri, koma ndi chakudya chovomerezeka cha nkhosa zanyama.
Muthanso kudyetsa nkhosazo ndi chakudya cha silage, beet ndi nsonga za karoti, mbewu zodyera monga chimanga, maungu ndi zukini (ndizokwera mtengo kulima masamba azakudya za ziweto, koma nkhosa zimawakonda kwambiri). Chaka chonse, osatentha, nyama zimafunikira kudyetsedwa mchere.
Kugwiritsa ntchito choko chodyetsa ndi chakudya cha mafupa ndikulimbikitsidwa. Nthawi zina nkhosa zimayamba kuwonekera mwanjira yachilendo kwa mbuye wawo, ndikunyambita manja ake. Khalidwe ili likuwonetsa kuti nyama zilibe mchere ndipo zimafunikira kuti ziwonjezeke pachakudya.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa nkhosa ndi zaka 12. Nkhosa yakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Lucky, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mwayi, adamwalira ku Australia ali ndi zaka 23, ndikubereka ana ankhosa 35 m'moyo wawo. Kulimba kwachuma kwa nkhosa wamba kumatha pafupifupi zaka 8-9, mano a nyama atagundidwa, ndipo sangadye mokwanira, kunenepa komanso kupereka mkaka wambiri. Kuti mupeze nyama ndi chikopa cha nkhosa, nkhosa zimatha kuphedwa zikafika zaka 2-3 kapena ngakhale kale.
Kuswana kwa nkhosa kwa oyamba kumene, ndibwino kuyamba ndi mtundu wa Romanov: ali achonde kwambiri (wamkazi amatulutsa ana a nkhosa anayi nthawi imodzi) komanso odzichepetsa, komanso ubweya wonyezimira umakhala wosavuta kupirira chisanu choopsa.
Nkhosa ndi ana ankhosa ake
Pofika chaka, amuna amakhala atalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 80, zomwe zimapangitsa nkhosa za Romanov kukhala nyama yopindulitsa kwambiri. Chovuta chokhacho ndi ubweya wotsika kwambiri komanso mtundu waubwino wake (osapitilira 4 kg pachaka pa nkhosa imodzi). Poyerekeza, ubweya wabwino wa merino umabweretsa makilogalamu 8 aubweya wofunika kwambiri komanso wapamwamba kwambiri pachaka.
Kutha msinkhu mwa nkhosa ndi ana ankhosa kumayamba kale miyezi 5-6, koma pa msinkhuwu sayenera kuloledwa kwa wina ndi mnzake, chifukwa izi zitha kubweretsa mavuto pakubereka komanso kubereka mwana wamkazi wachichepere, chifukwa chake amayamba kubereketsa chaka ndi theka ...
Nthawi yoswana mu nkhosa imakhala pakati pa chilimwe mpaka pakati pa nthawi yozizira. Nyama zimayamba kusaka, zomwe zimatenga masiku 15-16. Pakadali pano, nkhosazo nthawi zambiri zimadya moperewera, zimamwa mwaufulu, zimakhazikika ndipo zimaonetsa kukonzeka kuswana (sizithawa nkhosa zamphongo).
Ngati m'masiku ochepawa mimba siyinachitike, pamakhala nthawi yopuma milungu 2-3, pambuyo pake kukasaka kugonana kumabwerezedwa. Nkhosa zoswana osayang'aniridwa ndi munthu, nkhosa yamphongo ndi nkhosa zingapo ndizokwanira kuti zizikhala limodzi kwa mwezi umodzi.
Kutenga kwa nkhosa kumatenga miyezi isanu. Kutatsala masiku ochepa kuti abereke mwana wamwamuna, mlimi ayenera kukonzekera malo ena oberekera pachiberekero m'khola la nkhosa, ndikuphimba ndi zofunda zadothi, ndikudulira ubweya mozungulira udder. Asanabereke, nkhosayo imayamba kuchita zosakhazikika, kudzuka ndi kugona pansi.
Kawirikawiri, mkaziyo amabereka yekha, ndipo samafuna kuthandizidwa ndi anthu, koma mlimi ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa njirayi kuti akakumana ndi zovuta, athe kulumikizana ndi veterinarian munthawi yake.
Njira yonse yobereka imakhala pafupifupi maola atatu, munthu amafunika kuwongolera kokha kuti palibe mamina kapena makanema pakapuma ka ana ankhosa, apo ayi anawo akhoza kubanika. Ngati nkhosa ili ndi ana ankhosa opitilira awiri, ofowoka amafunikanso kuwonjezeredwa.
Mkaka wa mbuzi umasakanizidwa bwino ndi ana ankhosa, koma zosakaniza zokonzeka ndizoyeneranso. Kuyambira mwezi, anawo amatha kupatsidwa zakudya zosakaniza ndi zosakaniza, ndipo kuyambira miyezi inayi amatha kudya chimodzimodzi ndi nkhosa yayikulu, chifukwa chake amachotsedwa m'chiberekero ndikuikidwa ndi abale awo. Zitatha izi, chiberekero chikuyenera kulandira katemera, ndipo kukwereranso kwina kumatha kuchitika patatha miyezi iwiri mwanawankhosayo atapatukana ndi nkhosa.
Zolemba kunyumba
Nyumba yosungira nkhosa amatchedwa khola la nkhosa. Kutentha ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa nyama, zomwe nthawi yozizira siziyenera kutsika madigiri 5. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi madigiri 10-15. Ngati nyengo yam'munda wa famuyo ndi yozizira, kuti kutentha kuthe, khola la nkhosa liyenera kuphatikizidwanso.
Nkhosa za ku Siberia zimatha kudyetsa bwino chisanu mpaka madigiri 40, koma zimayenera kusungidwa mukatoni (kotseguka theka). Chowonadi ndichakuti ngati mutayendetsa gulu lanyama khola lotentha usiku, ubweya wothirawo udzaundana m'mawa kumadya chisanu, ndipo nkhosazo zimatha kuzizira.
Ku katon, nkhosa yabodza imatenthetsa dziko lapansi ndi kutentha kwawo, ndipo kutentha kwake sikukwera pamwamba pa madigiri 5 pansi pa zero. Nkhosa zimakhala pakhomopo, ndipo zikamapita kumalo odyetserako ziweto, sizimva kutentha kwakanthawi pakati pa khola la nkhosa ndi msewu.
Kuswana nkhosa kunyumba
Wembala aliyense wa gululo ali ndi zikhalidwe zake kumalo okhala m'khola la nkhosa. Kwa wamkazi wokhala ndi ana ankhosa, malowa ndi 3.5 mita, kuti asalepheretse ana omwe akukhalamo nyama. Nkhosa gulu liyenera kukhala ndi pafupifupi mita ziwiri zaulere.
Chakudyacho chimatha kusungidwa m'chipinda chapadera m'khola la nkhosa. Ma feeder amaikidwa pampanda wonse wamkati kuti nkhosazo zizitha kubwera kudzadya nthawi iliyonse, koma njirayi ndi yabwino kwa udzu womwe sungagone mokwanira kunja kwa wodyetserayo. Pazomera za silage ndi muzu, zidebe wamba zimatha kuperekedwa kwa nkhosa.
