Jeyran - nyerere zokongola zazitali miyendo yakuda, zokhala ndi nyanga zopindika, woimira banja la bovids. Amakhala m'chigawo chamayiko ambiri aku Asia, makamaka m'malo am'chipululu komanso a chipululu. Ku Russia, nyama yansakayi ingapezeke ku Caucasus, mdera lakumwera kwa Dagestan.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala kwa 80 cm mpaka 120 cm, kulemera kwa munthu wamba ndi 25 kg, pali anthu ena olemera 40 kg. Kufota kumafalikira ndi sacrum. Nyanga zamtundu winawake zokhala ndi mauna osakwanira masentimita 30 ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi nkhonozi.
Mbawala zazimayi alibe nyanga, kokha mwa ena mwa antelopes, amatha kuwona zoyambira za nyanga, zosaposa masentimita 3. Makutuwo amakhala pangodya pang'ono ndikufika kutalika kwa 15 cm
Belly ndi khosi Mbawala utoto woyera, mbali ndi kumbuyo - beige, mtundu wa mchenga. Mphuno ya antelope imakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, mawonekedwe amaso amatchulidwa ngati mawonekedwe pa mlatho wa mphuno mwa achinyamata. Mchira uli ndi nsonga yakuda.
Miyendo ya mbawala yamphongo ndi yopyapyala komanso yamphamvu, kulola kuti nyamayo idutse mosavuta m'mapiri ndikugonjetsa zopinga zamiyala. Ziboda ndi zopapatiza komanso zosongoka. Ma Jayrans amatha kudumpha mwamphamvu mpaka 6 m kutalika mpaka 2 mita kutalika.
Mbawala zosongoka sizipirira bwino. M'mapiri, mbawala imatha kukwera mpaka kutalika kwa makilomita 2.5, kuyenda kwakanthawi kumaperekedwa kwa nyama movutikira. Nyama imatha kufa mosavuta poyenda maulendo ataliatali, mwachitsanzo, kukakamira pachipale chofewa. Chifukwa chake, mphalapala za miyendo yayitali ndizothamanga kwambiri, osati zakale. Mbawala ya steppe kujambulidwa pachithunzichi.
Mitundu
Gulu la mbawala zogawidwa limagawika m'magulu angapo, kutengera komwe kumakhala. Subpecies a Turkmen amakhala kudera la Tajikistan, Kazakhstan ndi Turkmenistan. Kumpoto kwa China ndi Mongolia kuli mitundu ya ku Mongolia.
Ku Turkey, Syria ndi Iran - subspecies yaku Persia. Ma subspecies aku Arabia amapezeka ku Turkey, Iran ndi Syria. Asayansi ena amasiyanitsa mtundu wina wa mbawala - Seistan, amakhala ku Afghanistan ndi Baluchistan, amapezeka mdera la Eastern Iran.
Zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo, mbawala zinali zochuluka kwambiri mchipululu, ngakhale kuwasaka tsiku ndi tsiku ndi nzika zakomweko. Kupatula apo, mbawala izi zimapatsa munthu nyama yokoma ndi khungu lolimba, kuchokera ku mbawala imodzi yomwe idaphedwa ndikadatha kufikira makilogalamu 15 a nyama.
Jeyran mchipululu
Kutsika kowopsa kwa anthu kunayamba nthawi yomwe munthu adayamba kuwononga anthu ambiri: mgalimoto, ndikuchititsa khungu nyali, anthu adayendetsa nyama mumisampha, pomwe adaziwombera ziweto zonse.
Kumayambiriro kwa zikwi ziwiri, kuchuluka kwa mbawala kunkawerengedwa kuti ndi anthu 140,000. Kuchuluka kwa kutha kwa zamoyozi kwawonjezeka ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu pazaka makumi zapitazi. Mphesa zopota zatsala pang'ono kutha kwathunthu kumadera a Azerbaijan ndi Turkey. Ku Kazakhstan ndi Turkmenistan, kuchuluka kwa anthu kwatsika kangapo.
Choopseza chachikulu kwa anthu ndichinthu chomwe anthu akuchita: kuwononga nyama mopanda chilolezo komanso kuyamwa kwa malo okhala agwape a ziweto ndi ulimi. Jeyran ndi nkhani yosaka masewera, ngakhale kuwasaka ndikoletsedwa mwalamulo.
Tsopano pali malo angapo osungira komwe akuyesera kuteteza ndi kusunga mbawala. Ntchito ya WWF ku Turkmenistan yobwezeretsanso mtundu uwu m'mapiri a Western Kopetdag yatha. Pakadali pano, mbawala yamtunduwu imadziwika kuti ndi nyama yosatetezeka chifukwa chazisamaliro zake.
Njira zotetezera zamoyozi ndi monga:
- Kuletsa kusaka;
- Kubereketsa zamoyo munkhokwe;
- Kulowa mbawala mu International Red Book ndi Red Book la Russia.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Jeyran amakhala pa dothi louma lam'chipululu komanso lachipululu, imasankha malo athyathyathya kapena amapiri pang'ono. Antelope amenewa sakonda kupita patali, nthawi zambiri amayenda nthawi yozizira, amayenda pafupifupi 30 km patsiku.
Nthawi yayikulu yogwira nyamayi ndi m'mawa kwambiri komanso madzulo. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa mophweka, masana mchipululu kumatentha kwambiri ndipo antelope amakakamizidwa kubisala m'malo amthunzi. M'nyengo yozizira, nyama imagwira ntchito tsiku lonse.
Wamwamuna waku Jeyran
Usiku, mbawala zimapuma pabedi pawo. Mabenchi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala pansi. Ma Jeyria amawagwiritsa ntchito kangapo ndipo nthawi zonse amasiya ndowe zawo kumapeto kwa dzenje. Malo okonda kugona - khosi ndi mutu ndi mwendo umodzi zimatambasulidwa mtsogolo, miyendo yonseyo imagwada pansi pa thupi.
Anthuwo amalankhulana kudzera m'mawu amawu komanso zowonera. Amatha kuopseza mdani: chenjezo limayamba ndikuseza kwambiri, kenako gwape amamenya pansi ndi ziboda zake zakutsogolo. Mwambo uwu ndi mtundu wamalamulo kwa amitundu amtundu wa omwe akumuteteza - gulu lonselo lidadzidzimuka mwadzidzidzi ndikuthawa.
Kodi mbawala imawoneka bwanji pa nthawi molt, akhala chinsinsi. Asayansi achilengedwe sanakwanitse kugwira nyama ndi zizindikiritso zomveka za njirayi. Zatsimikizika kuti mbawala zimatulutsa kawiri pachaka. Molt woyamba amayamba kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu ndipo amakhala mpaka Meyi. Ngati nyamayo ili yopapatiza kapena yodwala, ndiye kuti nyengo ya molt imachitika pambuyo pake. Ubweya wachilimwe wa nyama izi, wakuda kuposa nthawi yachisanu, komanso wowonda komanso wowonda, ndi masentimita 1.5 okha. Nthawi yachiwiri yosungunuka imayamba kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.
Ma Jeyran ndi chizindikiro komanso chipululu. Mbawala zazitali miyendo zimakhala m'malo ovuta achilengedwe komanso nyengo ndipo zimakhala ndi adani ambiri. Kodi chilengedwe chimawathandiza bwanji kupulumuka? Zambiri zosangalatsa za moyo wa mbawala:
- Chimodzi mwazinthu zapadera zomwe zimathandiza mbawala kupulumuka nthawi yachilala yayitali: kuthekera kochepetsa kuchuluka kwa ziwalo zamkati zomwe zimatenga mpweya - mtima ndi chiwindi, pochepetsa kupuma. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mbawala zichepetse kuchepa kwa madzi osungunuka m'thupi ndi 40%.
Ma Jeyrian amathamanga kwambiri ndikudumpha kwambiri
- Mtundu woteteza umalola mbawala kuti iphatikize ndi malo, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wina wopulumuka: ngati alephera kuthawa, amatha kubisala.
- Masomphenya abwino kwambiri komanso kutha kupanga zisankho m'magulu: asayansi adatha kuwona momwe mbawala, zomwe zimamenya nkhondo nthawi yamtopola, mwadzidzidzi zidazindikira nyama yomwe ikuyandikira, mphindi imodzi, idalumphira kumbali synchronously komanso munthawi yomweyo, ngati kulamula. Vutoli litatha, adabwerera modekha kunkhondo zawo.
- Mbawala walandira dzina loti "mchira wakuda" pakati pa anthu. Mukakhala ndi mantha akulu, antelope amayamba kuthamanga, kwinaku ikukweza mchira wawo wakuda, womwe umayang'ana motsutsana ndi "galasi" loyera.
- Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka kholingo kamapatsa mbawala ndi mawu oyambira - zimathandizira kutsitsa mawu. Mwa amuna, kholingo limatsitsidwa, ndipo momwe limapangidwira limatha kufananizidwa ndi kholingo la nyama zinayi, imodzi mwa iwo ndi amuna. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kupanga mawu otsika, owuma, chifukwa chake zimawoneka ngati adani ake komanso omutsutsa kuti munthuyo ndi wamkulu komanso wamphamvu kuposa momwe alili.
Zakudya zabwino
Nyama yaku Geyran therere ndi ng'ombe. Maziko azakudya zake amakhala ndi mphukira zazing'ono zazitsamba ndi udzu wokoma: barnyard, capers, chowawa. Onse pamodzi, amadya mitundu yoposa 70 ya zitsamba. Muli madzi ochepa m'zipululu, chifukwa chake amayenera kusuntha kangapo pamlungu kufunafuna chakumwa.
Achijeremani - odzichepetsa amadzimadzi, amatha kumwa madzi amchere komanso amchere, ndipo popanda madzi, amatha masiku asanu ndi awiri. Amafika pachimake pa ziweto m'nyengo yozizira: nthawi yoswana yakwana, akazi abwerera ndi ana okulirapo.
Zima za mbawala zaku Asia ndi nthawi yovuta. Chifukwa cha chipale chofewa ndi madzi oundana, gulu lalikulu la ziweto limatha. Adani akulu a mbawala ndi mimbulu, koma ziwombankhanga ndi nkhandwe nawonso zimawasaka mwachangu.
Antelopes oyenda - nyama zamanyazi, phokoso lililonse limawachititsa mantha, ndipo amatha kukhala othamanga mpaka 60 km / h, ndipo achichepere amangobisalira pansi, ndikuphatikizana nawo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amtundu wawo.
Ubale wawo ndi anthu nawonso sunayende bwino: anthu mopanda chifundo adawombera nyamazi chifukwa cha nyama yawo yokoma, yomwe idachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwawo. Tsopano Mbawala Olembedwa mu Buku Lofiira.
Kubala kwa mbawala ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yophukira ndi nyengo yokwanira ya Mphoyo zazimuna... "Zipinda zodyeramo" kapena "zipilala zamalire" ndizofunikira kwambiri panthawiyi. Amuna amakumba timabowo tating'onoting'ono kuti adziwe gawo lawo ndi ndowe. Khalidwe ili ndikufunsira koyambira kwamipikisano ya akazi.
Ma Jeyrans - amuna ndiwokwiya kwambiri ndipo samadziwikiratu pakadali pano. Zimachitika kuti amakumba "mabowo othamanga" a amuna ena ndikuyika ndowe zawo pamenepo. Kukula msinkhu mwa amuna kumafikira ali ndi zaka ziwiri, akazi atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi. Munthawi yamakedzana, yamphongo imatha kutulutsa mawu achilendo. M'nyengo yokhwima, kholingo mwa amuna limakhala ngati chotupitsa.
Mba wachinyamata m'nyengo yozizira
Amuna achimuna amakhala ndi akazi 2-5, amawateteza mosamala ndikuchotsa amuna ena. Nkhondo yapakati pa yamphongo ndi duel, pomwe nyama zimaweramitsa mitu yawo, imagundana ndi nyanga zake ndikukankhana mwamphamvu ndi mphamvu zawo zonse.
Mimba ya akazi imakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ana amabadwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, monga lamulo, akazi amabala ana awiri, ngakhale zolembedwanso - ana anayi nthawi imodzi. Ng'ombezo zimangolemera pafupifupi ma kilogalamu awiri ndipo sizitha kuyimirira pomwepo. Mayi amawadyetsa mkaka kawiri patsiku, pokhala pogona ndikuwateteza kwa adani.
Kuteteza ana, mkazi mopanda mantha amalowa kunkhondo, pokhapokha ngati nkhondoyi yayandikira. Amayesa kutenga mwamuna kapena nkhandwe kutali momwe angathere pogona. Pambuyo pa miyezi inayi, kuyamwitsa ana kumatha, ana amphongo amasamukira kumalo odyetserako zamasamba, mayi ndi ana amabwerera m'gulu. Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka 8, ngakhale pali anthu ena azaka zopitilira 15.
Mbawala yaying'ono komanso yokongolayi imasinthidwa kuti izikhala m'malo ovuta m'chipululu. Chilengedwe chawapatsa mawonekedwe apadera komanso chisamaliro chobadwa nacho. Ndipo ndi munthu yekhayo amene angathe kuwononga kwathunthu anthu onse amitundu yapaderayi. Jeyran ndi nyama yomwe ili pachiwopsezo, imafunikira chisamaliro ndi chitetezo mosamala.
