Saint Bernard - pali muyeso wa chiyero m'dzina lake
Kutumikira anthu ndi mwayi wa agalu onse oweta. St. Bernard anali woyenera kwambiri pantchitoyi. Zonsezi zinayamba m'zaka za zana la 11. M'mapiri a Alps, paphiri la Mont-Joux, mmonke wina yemwe kale anali wolemekezeka Bernard de Menton adapanga malo apaulendo. M'zaka za zana la 12, malo obisalamo adakhala nyumba ya amonke. Monk Bernard adasankhidwa kukhala amkhalapakati, ndipo amonke adatchedwa Saint Bernard.
Kuyambira masiku a Alexander Wamkulu, agalu akulu kwambiri akhala akusungidwa ku Alps. Nzika zam'derali zakhala zikuganizira za kuthekera kwawo kuyembekezera chiwembu chomwe chikubwera ndikupeza anthu okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Agalu adayamba kutsagana ndi amonke ndi apaulendo ochokera ku Italy kupita ku Switzerland ndikubwerera.
Pofika zaka za zana la 17, opulumutsa anthu anali kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati agalu. Ntchito yosankhidwa motsogozedwa idayamba kuchitika. Mtunduwo umakhala ndi dzina St. Bernard... M'zaka za zana la 19, agalu amatamandidwa chifukwa chopulumutsa anthu ambiri.
Mtunduwu watchuka. Obereketsa anayamba kusamalira kuyeretsa kwa mitunduyo. Kuwoneka kwa galu kunayandikira kwamakono. Mu 1884, buku lobereketsa ku Switzerland la SHSB lidapangidwa. Agalu oyamba kulembedwa m'bukulo anali St. Bernards.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
St. Bernard ndi galu wamkulu kwambiri. Nyama yayikulu imalemera makilogalamu 60 mpaka 100 kapena kupitilira apo. Kutalika komwe kumafota kwamwamuna sikuyenera kukhala kochepera masentimita 70. Mwa mwana wamkulu wamkulu parameter iyi ndi masentimita 65. Kutalika kwakukulu pakufota kwa galu ndi masentimita 90. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa kanyenya kukufota: masentimita 80. Miyezo yolandiridwa ya kutalika ndi kulemera itha kupitilizidwa. Zosintha izi sizimawerengedwa kuti ndizolakwika ngati kuchuluka ndi mayendedwe achilengedwe amasungidwa.
Makulidwe akulu, kulemera kolemera, osati mawonekedwe amasewera kwambiri - izi ndi zotsatira za kusankha. Kuti mukhulupirire izi, ndikwanira kuyang'ana momwe zimawonekera Chithunzi cha St. Bernard, zopangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka zapitazo.
Kutalika kwa thupi kumatanthauza kutalika komwe kumafota, makamaka 10 mpaka 9. Kufota kumakwera kwambiri pamwamba pamzere wamba kumbuyo. Chiuno ndi chachifupi. Kumbuyo ndi pachifuwa ndizotakata, chifuwa ndichosasunthika.
St. Bernard ndi amodzi mwamitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya agalu, yomwe imatumikira mokhulupirika munthu.
Mutu waukulu uli pakhosi lamphamvu. Chigaza ndi chachikulu. Kutsika kutsetsereka kuchokera pamphumi mpaka kumphuno. Mphuno ndi yakuda. Maso ndi apakatikati. Pamodzi ndi mapiko otukuka, physiognomy imawoneka yanzeru, yowonetsa, yosangalatsa.
Khalani kutali, miyendo yolimba. Ntchafu zakula bwino komanso zaminyewa. Mapazi ake ndi otakata. Mchira ndi wautali, wolemera, wotambalala kumunsi. Mwambiri, galu amatha kufotokozedwa ngati nyama yayikulu, yamphamvu kwambiri, yolemekezeka.
Khalidwe
Galu wa St. Bernard wodekha, wochezeka, osati waukali. Zogwirizana ndi banja. Amakondwera kukumana ndi abwenzi komanso anthu odziwika pang'ono. Maganizo si achiwawa kwambiri. Kugwedeza mchira pang'ono kumatha kuwonetsa chisangalalo chamtchire.
Ntchito zachitetezo zimachitika mopanda chidwi, powonetsa mphamvu zawo. Poopseza achibale, galu amadziwonetsera ngati woteteza mwakhama.
Khalidwe la Saint Bernard imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi cholinga chake: mnzake, wantchito, wopulumutsa. Makhalidwe abwino amawonetsedwa ngati kuyambira ali mwana galu amaleredwa ngati membala wabanja. Kukula galu mu khola lotseguka, kupatula timu, kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zosayembekezereka, mpaka zovuta zamaganizidwe agalu.
St. Bernard amaphatikiza munthu wachifundo ndi mphamvu yayikulu yakuthupi
Mitundu
Ntchito yowopsa, kufalikira kocheperako kudapangitsa kuti kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19 kuchuluka kwa St. Bernards kudatsika kufika pamlingo wovuta. Kuti abwezeretse anthu, amuna awiri aku Newfoundland adabweretsedwa kunyumba ya amonke.
Chifukwa cha kuwoloka kwapadera, mitundu yatsopano ya St. Bernards idawoneka: tsitsi lalitali. Chiyembekezo choti malaya olimbikitsidwa azithandiza magwiridwe antchito agalu sichinachitike. Zosiyanasiyana zaubweya wautali zomwe sizinachitike zinali zopanda ntchito zopulumutsa.
Mzere, womwe unakhazikitsidwa ndi Newfoundlands, sunayime. M'malo mwake, mtundu watsitsi lalitali la galu udalandiridwa bwino ndi anthu ndikuyamba kufalikira mwachangu. Izi zidathandizidwa ndi anzeru, olemekezeka, okoma mtima komanso mawonekedwe owopsa amnzake amiyendo inayi. Masiku ano, mizere iwiri ikukula mofanana: tsitsi lalifupi komanso lalitali.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, anthu anayesa kuyesa kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mitundu yatsopano. Zotsatira zakuwoloka St. Bernard ndi agalu ena akulu ndizomwe zidawonekera ku Moscow. Nthawi zina amatchedwa Moscow St. Bernard.
Mpaka zaka za m'ma 80 za m'ma XX, panali magazi akuthamanga kwakanthawi ku St. Bernard kwa mtundu uwu. Ukhondo wamtunduwu tsopano umasungidwa. Ntchito yayikulu yosungidwa ndi oweta ndi kupititsa patsogolo mawonekedwe agalu oteteza. Iwo ali nawo iwo. Nzosadabwitsa kuti dzina la mtunduwo lili ndi mawu oti "woyang'anira".
Woperewera St. Bernard
Kusamalira ndi kukonza
St. Bernard ndi mwanaalirenji yemwe amakhala ndi malo okhala ambiri oti angathe. St. Bernard nthawi zambiri amawoneka mnyumbamo ali ndi zaka mwezi umodzi. Zisanachitike, gawo lofunikira limachitika - kusankha mwana wagalu. Mtundu, ntchito, kukula ndizofunikira, kuchuluka kwa makolo ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Kudya zinthu zodziwika bwino, malo abwino ogona, ndi bata kunyumba zimatsimikizira kuti moyo wayamba bwino. Simuyenera kunyamula mwana wagalu m'manja kapena kupita nawo kukagona kwa nthawi yayitali. Zizolowezi zoipa zomwe amaphunzira adakali aang'ono ndizovuta kuwongolera. Kugwiritsa ntchito matupi a mwana mogwira mtima kumayamba ali ndi miyezi 3-4. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti sakukhazikika pamalo pomwe zolembedweratu ndizotheka.
Kuzolowera malo omwe uli ndi gawo lofunikira pamaphunziro oyambira. Nthawi yomweyo, mwana wagalu sayenera kusungulumwa. Kuyankhulana pafupipafupi ndi abale ndikofunikira kuti munthu akhale ndi thanzi labwino, azidzidalira komanso akhale wolimba. Mwana wagalu ayenera kukhala ndi zidole. Pachifukwa ichi, zinthu zilizonse zomwe sizivulaza ndizoyenera. Pasapezeke zoletsa poyenda pakhomo.
Mwana wagalu amakula msanga kuposa wina aliyense mtundu. St. Bernard mchaka choyamba cha moyo, imapeza 50-70 kg. Ndikukula kwachangu chonchi, katundu wapadera amagwera m'mafupa ndi mafupa. Popeza izi, kukwera masitepe ndikudumpha kuchokera kumtunda ndikotsutsana ndi mwana wagalu. Ndikofunika kunyamula mwana wagalu mpaka miyezi itatu zakubadwa m'manja. Kukweza ndi kutsitsa, wagwiridwa ndi thupi lonse.
Pafupifupi miyezi itatu, molt woyamba amapezeka, mano amayamba kusintha, ndipo chitetezo chake chimayamba. Zizolowezi zophunziridwa, zabwino ndi zoyipa, zimaphatikizidwa.
Kuyambira ali mwana, muyenera kuyenda ndi mwana wagalu. Muyenera kuyamba ndimayendedwe achidule a 10-15 mphindi. Nyengo ya dzuwa iyenera kukhala gawo labwino pamayendedwe oyamba. Kuyenda kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha galu. Kuphatikiza apo, mwana wagalu amaphunzira kutuluka panja.
Kuchuluka kwa kuyenda kwa galu wachichepere kuyenera kukhala osachepera 4. Ndibwino kuti muziyenda motalika kwambiri padzuwa kapena, masana. Kuyenda mwana wagalu ndikuyenda kwambiri, kusasamala komanso kulumikizana ndi eni ake. Katundu wolemera, kuthamanga kwakutali, kulumpha ndi kukwera kumatha kusokoneza thanzi la nyama.
Asayansi amasirira kuthekera kwa St. Bernard kuyerekezera chimphepo pamphindi 40 chisanayambe
Little St. Bernard amatenga nthawi yochuluka kuchokera kwa mwini wake. Zambiri kotero kuti nthawi zina zimakhala zothandiza kugawa chisamaliro cha ziweto kwa mamembala onse. Kuphatikiza malaya ndi gawo lofunikira pokonza galu, makamaka munthawi yokhetsa. Mwachidziwitso, iyi si ntchito yovuta. Zisa zapadera ndi maburashi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida. Tsitsi lalifupi la St. Bernards mwachilengedwe silikhala lovuta.
Akatswiri samalimbikitsa kutsuka galu wanu pafupipafupi. Kawiri pachaka amalandila njira zosamba: mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira. Galu amatsukidwa m'madzi pa kutentha kwa 40 ° C malingana ndi pulogalamu yonse: ndi sopo, kutsuka osamba, kupukuta ndi chopukutira, kuyanika ndi chopangira tsitsi.
Kuyenda kulikonse kumatha ndi njira zaukhondo. Galu amapukutidwa ndikutsukidwa pang'ono. Chipale chofewa ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yoyeretsera ubweya nthawi yachisanu, ndikusamba nthawi yotentha.
Osachepera pafupipafupi momwe maso amayenera kuchitidwira ndi ubweya. Zikope zotayika sizabwino kwambiri kutchinjiriza dothi. Vutoli limakonzedwa ndikupukuta maso tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chopukutira nsalu. Zisanachitike izi, nsalu imakonzedwa ndi madzi ofunda kapena tiyi wofooka.
Ngati titsuka maso tsiku ndi tsiku, ndiye kuti ndikwanira kupukuta makutu kamodzi pa sabata. Njirayi ndi yosavuta: tampon imakhuthiridwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo (mwachitsanzo, boric mowa) ndikupukuta mutu. Zochita zovuta kwambiri, monga kupopera boric acid wouma khutu, ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha mukafunsana ndi veterinarian.
Agalu, omwe nthawi zambiri amayenda m'njira za phula, zikhadazo zimadzipukusa zokha. Ngati izi sizingachitike, muyenera kutenga zodulira waya ndikuchepetsa zikhadabo za regrown. Izi zimachitika mosamala kuti zisawononge gawo lam'maso la claw. Chingwe chosokonekera chimaphimbidwa ndi sera kapena guluu wamankhwala.
Zikhadabo ndi zikhomo za agalu nthawi zambiri zimawonongeka nthawi yozizira ngati nyama iyenera kuyenda mumisewu yomwe imakonkhedwa ndi mankhwala. Zikatero, pali njira imodzi yokha yoyeretsera: kuyika nsapato pa galu. Nsapato zosavuta zimatha kumangidwa ndi inu nokha kapena kugula zokonzeka.
Mano ndi nkhani ina yodetsa nkhawa. Mu sabata lachitatu la moyo, mwana wagalu amakhala ndi mano a mkaka. Amayamba kusintha miyezi itatu, pofika miyezi 11 kusintha kwatha. Ndi mawonekedwe a mano, galuyo ayenera kuzolowera kuyesedwa mano.
Kuchotsa mano kuti mukapimidwe ndi kuyeretsa kudzapangitsa kuti mwiniyo komanso galu akhale wosavuta. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza thanzi la mano, monga agalu ambiri, ndi chakudya.
Zakudya zabwino
Ndi chakudya cha mwana wagalu wa mwezi umodzi, zonse ndizosavuta: mwini watsopano ayenera kumudyetsa chakudya chomwecho chomwe adapatsidwa Kennel wa St. Bernard kapena woweta. Malamulo osavuta omwe galu ayenera kutsatira mosavomerezeka: kudyetsa kumachitika nthawi yomweyo, chakudya chitha kupezeka mu mbale yake yokha.
Chakudya chimatha kuperekedwa kuchokera m'manja mwa mwiniwake. Izi ndizokhazo pamalamulo odyetsa. Zimapatsa mwayi wolumikizana kwambiri pakati pa eni ake ndi chiweto chake ndikulimbikitsa kuchita bwino pakuphunzira ndi kuphunzitsa.
Chovuta koma chofunikira kwambiri pakulemba zakudya sikutola chakudya pansi kapena pansi. Kudziwa kuletsaku kumapangitsa galu kukhala wathanzi kapena wamoyo. M'miyezi yoyambirira ya galu amadyetsedwa kasanu ndi kawiri pa tsiku. Chiwerengero cha feedings pachaka chachepetsedwa mpaka 3. Ali ndi zaka ziwiri, galu amatha kudyetsedwa kawiri patsiku.
Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumatsimikizika kutengera momwe galu amagwirira ntchito komanso zolimbitsa thupi. Ngati chakudya sichidyedwa kwathunthu, magawo amachepetsedwa. Mwana wagalu akanyambita kwa nthawi yayitali osachokapo, magawowo amakula pang'ono.
Maziko a zakudya ndi zakudya zomanga thupi. Maonekedwe ake abwino ndi nyama yaiwisi. Mwana wagalu wamwezi ali ndi ufulu wokwanira 160-200 g patsiku. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, kudya nyama kumawonjezeka ndipo pofika chaka kumatha kufika 0,5 kg.
Nyama ya magwero osiyanasiyana (ng'ombe, mwanawankhosa, nyama ya akavalo) ndiyabwino, koma sayenera kukhala wonenepa. Chakudya chabwino kwambiri ndi chakufa: mapapo, mtima, udder. Impso ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi, koma chifukwa cha kununkhira, galu akhoza kukana chakudya choterocho.
Nsomba ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazakudya za St. Bernard. Itha ngakhale kusintha nyama kwathunthu. Koma kuti akwaniritse zosowa za mapuloteni, zimatenga nthawi imodzi ndi theka. Kawirikawiri nsomba imaphikidwa kwakanthawi kochepa.
Pofuna kukonza chimbudzi, mwana wagalu amalandira mkaka wofukiza kuyambira azaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kupititsa patsogolo mchere ndi mavitamini, nsomba zimaphatikizidwamo. Atatha kudya, galuyo amapatsidwa mafupa. Ndikofunika kuti akhale ndi kuchuluka kwa cartilage. Calcium kwa galu wamkulu chonchi ndikofunikira.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Pazing'ono, kutentha koyamba kumachitika miyezi 8-9. Amuna amakhala okonzeka kukhala achikulire patatha mwezi umodzi. Koma nyama zazing'ono siziloledwa kukwatirana. Kulira kumatha kulukidwa ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Amuna amakhala azaka zonse zaka 2.5. Apo ayi Agalu a St. Bernard adzakhala ofooka.
Nyama zomwe zikuchita nawo kupanga ana ziyenera kukhala zathanzi komanso zowoneka bwino. Agalu oyandikira zaka 8 samaloledwa kuberekana.
Yaimuna imakonzeka kukaswana chaka chonse. Nthawi zonse amafunika kukhala okonzeka kuchita izi: kudyetsa bwino, kuyenda kwambiri, kuwunika thanzi lake. Asanakumane ndi woyenera kukwatira, galu sayenera kumva kupezeka kwa tizilomboti. Galu amatha kuchita mantha ndikupsa. Poterepa, kukhazikika kwenikweni komwe kumakonzedwa kulephera.
Mimba imatenga masiku 64 (masiku 58 mpaka 66). Nthawi imeneyi, galu amafunikira chisamaliro chowonjezera. Kuyambira pa masabata atatu, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumawonjezeka. Ngati ana agalu ambiri akuyembekezereka, onjezani kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha mayi woyembekezera.
Pambuyo masiku 55 kuyambira pomwe mayi adakhala ndi pakati, galu wokonzekereratu agalu amapatsidwa mpata woti azolowere. Asanabadwe, mwini wake amafunika kukhala ndi galu pafupipafupi - izi zimapatsa galu bata.
Ndi ana, St. Bernard amachita chimodzimodzi ndi ana agalu, kuteteza ndi kulera
Odyetsa odziwa ntchito amapezeka kuti athandizire pakubereka. Ngati mulibe luso loperekera chisamaliro chaubwino, ndibwino kuyitanitsa veterinor. A St. Bernards sangatchedwe zaka zana. Zaka 8-10 zimawerengedwa kuti zikhala nthawi yamoyo agaluwa.
Mtengo
St. Bernards amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri. Sizovuta kukhala nazo. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa ana agalu ndi okwera. Koma ngakhale ana ochokera kwa omwe amatchedwa opanga atha kukhala ndi zolakwika zina.
Ngati chilema chomwe chilipo sichikusokoneza moyo, koma ndikupatuka kwakukulu pamiyeso yofanizira (mwachitsanzo, kuluma kolakwika), ndiye Mtengo wa St. Bernard imatha kuyambira $ 100 mpaka $ 500. Izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa Pet-class.
Ana agalu ambiri sapatuka pamiyeso ya mtunduwo. Koma diso lodziwikalo la katswiriyo limawona zolakwika zina. Galu wotere amatha ndalama $ 500-1000. Ili ndilo gulu la Kubala. Ana agalu angwiro pamalingaliro onse, akatswiri amtsogolo komanso makolo amtsogolo amupikisano amakhala opitilira $ 1000. Ili ndi gulu lowonetsa.
Maphunziro
Maphunziro amayamba ndimayendedwe osavuta. Kuphunzitsa galu kuti asamasewere ndi leash, osatenga chakudya kuchokera kwa anthu osawadziwa, osalola kuti alendo azikwapula ndikudzigwira nokha ndi chigonjetso chachikulu panthawi yoyamba yophunzitsira.
Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha posisita ndi kuwonetsa kamwanako. Ena amaganiza kuti kulanga ndi njira yachilengedwe komanso yovomerezeka yopewera zoletsa.
Chofunika kwambiri pamalamulo oletsedwa ndi "fu". Koma m'njira iliyonse yobweretsera galu m'malingaliro, lamuloli siliyenera kuperekedwa pafupipafupi. Kupanda kutero, imataya tanthauzo lake. Ali ndi zaka zingapo miyezi ingapo, ngakhale wophunzitsa wopanda nzeru amatha kuphunzitsa galu kutsatira malamulo osavuta: "khalani", "kwa ine", "mawu" ndi zina zotero.
St. Bernards amachita mwanzeru ndi agalu ena, koma osawonetsa kukwiya
Maphunziro owonjezera nthawi zambiri amayamba pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Galu samataya mwayi wophunzitsidwa ndipo amapeza psyche okhazikika. Galu nthawi zambiri amaphunzira maluso apadera motsogozedwa ndi wodziwa kuwagwira ali ndi zaka 1 mpaka 2.
Matenda omwe angakhalepo ndi momwe angawathandizire
Mwambiri, St. Bernard ndi galu wathanzi labwino. Koma panthawi yakukula, ndiye kuti, ali ndi chaka chimodzi, amawopsezedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana am'mfundo ndi mafupa. Mwachitsanzo: dysplasia, herniated vertebral discs.
Ndi ukalamba, kunenepa kwambiri kumatha kuoneka chifukwa chodya mopitirira muyeso komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.Zotsatira zake - matenda amtima ndi mitsempha, m'mimba ndi ziwalo zina zamkati.
Chibadwa kapena kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo mu dongosolo lamanjenje kumatha kubweretsa khunyu. Menyu yoyenerera, kudzikongoletsa koyenera, komanso kuyenda kwakutali kumapangitsa galu kukhala wathanzi. Ndipo mwamunayo adzawonetsedwa ndiubwenzi wa cholengedwa chachikulu komanso chabwino.
