Guillemot - mbalame, yomwe ndi ya auks ndipo ndi kukula kwa bakha wapakati. Nyanja ndiye gawo la mbalame zodabwitsa izi. Dziko limakopa mbalame kuti zisale okha. Pali ambiri a iwo kotero kuti amadziwika kuti ndianthu wamba okhala m'malo ovuta a Far North.
Mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala
Kairou yosavuta kuzindikira mwa mawonekedwe ake. Amafanana kwambiri ndi penguin, koma ndi kukula kocheperako. M'chilengedwe, pali mitundu iwiri ya mbalamezi - ma buluu okhwima komanso owonda kwambiri. Kukula kwawo sikupitilira masentimita 48, ndipo kulemera kwawo sikuposa 1 kg.
Zoyipa zazing'ono za guillemot
Awa ndi oimira akulu kwambiri amtundu wawo. Zisanachitike, kunalibe mapiko auk, koma kulibenso chilengedwe. Kodi mbalame ya guillemot imawoneka bwanji ngakhale mwana wamng'ono amadziwa, chifukwa ndi kamphindi kakang'ono ka penguin.
Gawo lakumtunda la guillemot ndi utoto wakuda. Pansi pake nthawi zonse amakhala oyera. M'nthawi yozizira, khosi la nthenga limalinso loyera. M'nyengo yotentha, imakhala yakuda.
Mlomo wa mbalameyo ndi wakuda. Chithunzi cha mbalame ya guillemot sizosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe mbalame yamphongo imawonekera m'moyo weniweni. Kukongola kwa "penguin" wamng'ono uyu amafotokozedwa bwino ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi mandala.
Zowonekera guillemot (zojambulidwa guillemot)
Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono, choncho zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti ziwuluke pamwamba pake. Ayenera kukhala pamalo otsetsereka kuti anyamuke bwino. Pofuna kunyamuka, nthawi zina amayenera kuthamanga pafupifupi 10 m.
Guillemot - mbalame yozizira osasankha kwambiri posankha malo okhala Amakonda kupezeka pakatikati pa matanthwe akuluakulu, mdera lamapiri osanjikiza ndi chimanga, pafupifupi 6 mita pamwamba pamadzi.
Mbalamezi zilibe zisa. Kwa mazira awo amasankha malo pathanthwe lopanda miyala. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti akhale ndi zotumphukira zomwe zingalepheretse mazira kugubuduka.
Guillemot yolimba kwambiri
Mazirawo amakhalabe osasunthika ndipo samagwa chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kama peyala. Malo oyandikana ndi malo oundana - malo komwe mbalame ya guillemot imakhala... Amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Novaya Zemlya, ku Greenland ndi Spain.
Mbalame ya nthenga imeneyi ndi mbalame yakomweko ku Franz Josef Land. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalame zodabwitsa izi zimawoneka ku Alaska, Northern Eurasia, Japan, California, Portugal ndi Sakhalin.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Mbalameyi imakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ngati simuganizira nthawi yogona, m'mphepete mwa ayezi. Amasiya nyumba zawo pamiyala ndikusangalala ndi malo omwe amakonda. Izi zimagwera kumapeto kwa chilimwe - koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira. Ndi nthawi imeneyi yomwe mbalame zimasamalira nyengo yawo yachisanu.
Pakayamba nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimayesa kusunthira kufupi ndi kumwera. M'nyengo yozizira, ma guillemot amapanga timagulu tating'ono. Nthawi zina mumatha kupeza mbalame zamtundu wawo, zomwe zimakonda nyengo yachisanu yokha.
Ulendo wa guillemot
Mutha kusiyanitsa mbalamezi ndi zina zilizonse pothawa. Pakati pake, amapanga tchutchutchu komanso unyolo. Pofuna kusaka pang'ono, onse amapita m'madzi ndikusambira pansi mozama osachepera 15 m kuti apeze chakudya chawo.
Kwa moyo wawo wonse, ma guillemot amakhala m'malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri, omwe amaphatikizapo anthu masauzande angapo. Chifukwa chake, amatha kupulumuka mosavuta m'malo ovuta akumpoto ndikuthawa adani awo.
Ndi kuchuluka kwawo kwakukulu, amatha kuthana ndi mdani aliyense amene angakhalepo. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalamezi zikamaweramira kwinakwake, zimawotha moto ndi mazira awo m'nyengo yozizira yakumpoto.
Ma Guillemot amawonetsa ntchito yawo chaka chonse komanso nthawi iliyonse masana. Masika, zosintha zina zimadza m'miyoyo yawo. Ayenera kusiya nyumba zawo kuti akaikire mazira pamiyala.
Ndizovuta kuti mbalame yochititsa manyaziyi igwirizane ndi oyandikana nayo, chifukwa chake ma guillemot amakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi mtundu wawo wokha. Mbalame zokhazokha zomwe zimatha kuyanjana nawo ndi cormorants.
Chiyanjano chawo chapafupi chimathandiza mbalame kudzitetezera kwa adani pamodzi.Kaira amatha kusambira. Izi ndizabwino pomuthandiza kupeza chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, amayenda bwino kwambiri ndikuyenda pansi pamadzi.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbalame za Guillemot zimadyetsa nsomba. Amakonda kudya nkhanu, nkhanu, capelin, gerbils, Arctic cod, nyongolotsi zam'madzi. Kuti mbalame zizikhala ndi moyo wabwino, zimafunikira pafupifupi 300 g ya chakudya patsiku.
Ndowe za mbalamezi zimakhala ndi michere yambiri. Amadyedwa mosangalala ndi nkhono zambiri zam'nyanja, zomwe pamapeto pake zimakhala chakudya cha ma guillemot.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Pofuna kubzala, mbalamezi zimasankha miyala yomwe sitingathe kufikako. Izi zimachitika m'mwezi wa Meyi. Mzimayi amayesa kusankha malo otetezeka kwambiri pakati pa miyala ndikuyika dzira lake lokhalo ndi chipolopolo cholimba pomwepo.
Dziralo, ngati likayerekezedwa ndi lachikazi, ndi lalikulu kwa iye. Imaposa kawiri kuposa nkhuku. Pofuna kuti azikirira dzira loterolo, guillemot amayenera kuliphimba ndi mapiko ake. Pansipa, pansi pa dzira, yaikazi mosamala imayala zala zake.
Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti chachikazi chimasiya dzira kwakanthawi kochepa ndipo chimangogwera kuphompho. Pakati pa murres, sizolowera kusamalira mazira a wina aliyense. Ngati palibe amene ali naye, ndiye kuti palibe choyipa chomwe chingachitike dzira likagwa kuchokera kuphompho.
Akazi amayesetsa kupewa malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Malo oterewa amatsutsana ndi mazira, nthawi zambiri amamwalira chifukwa cha chinyezi chowonjezera. Anthu omwe amayesa kupanga maliseche kunyumba amawona kuti mazira awo amasokonekera mwachangu, mwachangu kwambiri kuposa mazira a nkhuku.
Mtundu wa mazira a mkazi aliyense ndi wapadera, izi zimawathandiza kuti asalakwitse ndikuzipeza mwachangu. Imayang'aniridwa ndimayendedwe amvi, abuluu komanso obiriwira. Kudzibisa kotere kumathandiza kuti mazira asadziwike ndi adani.
Nthawi zambiri zimatenga pafupifupi masiku 36 kuti ziwe. Mwana wankhuku atabadwa, chisamaliro chake chimagwera makolo onse awiri, kwa masiku 21 amapitilizabe kudyetsa mwanayo.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti pakati pa gulu lalikulu la mbalame, mayi wamkazi wamphongo amapeza mwana wake wopanda vuto. Amupeza, mumudyetse nsomba zomwe abweretsa ndikuthamangira kufunafuna chakudya.
Mwana akamakula, zimakhala zovuta kuti makolo azimupatsa chakudya chokwanira. Guillemot mwana wankhuku palibe kanthu koti achite koma kudumpha kuchokera kuphompho ndikudzipezera chakudya chake. Nthawi zina kudumpha kwa anapiye opanda mphamvu kwenikweni kumwalira.
Koma mwamwayi, zopitilira theka zazing'onozi zimapulumukabe. Amapita ndi makolo awo kumalo achisanu. Patapita kanthawi, akazi nawonso amabwera kwa iwo. Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo wa guillemot ili pafupifupi zaka 30.
