Iwo omwe adapita ku Astrakhan amakumbukira ndi chisangalalo osati mavwende okha otchuka, komanso nsomba zouma zokoma zomwe zimawoneka pamsika wakomweko. Amatchedwa sopa, ngakhale dzinalo ndi losokoneza pang'ono. Amadziwika bwino ndi ambiri ndi dzina maso oyera kapena diso. Nsomba zomwe zagwidwa sizouma zokha, komanso zowiritsa, zamchere, zouma. Kodi nsomba yotchedwa soopa imawoneka bwanji?, komwe limakhala, momwe lingagwirire ndi chiyani, tsopano tidziwa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Sopa - nsomba carp yabanja. Amafanana ndi mamembala ambiri a banja lake - mliri, bream yasiliva, bream wabuluu. Zitsanzo zazikulu zimakula mpaka masentimita 46, pomwe zimalemera mpaka 1.5 kg. Ngakhale asodzi nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi 100-200 g, pafupifupi 20-22 cm.
Nsombayi siyabwino kwenikweni. Mlomo wa sopa ndi wosalimba, mphuno ndi yokhotakhota, mphuno zake ndi zazikulu, komanso mutu wake ndi wochepa. Chowonekera kwambiri pamenemo ndi maso otupa ndi iris yoyera yoyera. Amawonekera kwambiri kwakuti adatcha dzinali mtundu wonsewo.
Thupi ndi lochepa pang'ono, mosiyana ndi bream ndi undergrowth, komanso lathyathyathya, ngati cholizira m'mbali. Thupi lakumtunda ndilolimba kwambiri kuposa lakumunsi. Mphepete mwakuthwa ndikuthwa komanso kokwera, koma osati kotakata. Ndipo yapansi ndi yayitali, imathamanga kuchokera kumchira pafupifupi mpaka kumapeto kwa pamimba. Mchira ndi wowongoka komanso wodulidwa bwino.
Nsomba ya Sopa ili ndi dzina lina lodziwika bwino - maso oyera
Mimbayo nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda kuposa pamimba, monganso m'mbali mwa zipsepse zonse. Mambawo ndi akulu kuposa amtundu wa buluu ndipo amakhala ndi imvi mopepuka utoto wabuluu. Kuphatikiza apo, bream wabuluu amakhala ndi mphuno yakuthwa. Kugwidwa sopa pachithunzipa poyamba imanyezimira bwino, makamaka pansi pazowunikira zina, kenako imazimiririka mwachangu.
Kufotokozera kwa sopa sangakhale osakwanira osatchulapo za kukoma. Asodzi amayamikira nsomba iyi chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, makamaka nthawi yophukira. Nyama ya mkazi wamaso oyera ndi wonenepa komanso wotanuka pang'ono, ngati sabrefish.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Zopa imagawidwa kwakanthawi masamba angapo. Amadziwika kwambiri mumtsinje wa Black and Caspian Seas. Imakopedwanso mumtsinje wa Volkhov, womwe umadutsa mu Nyanja ya Baltic, komanso mumitsinje ya Vychegda ndi Northern Dvina, yomwe imanyamula madzi ake kupita ku White Sea. Palinso dera laling'ono m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Aral, kumene sopa amapezeka... Nthawi zina amakumana ndi Mtsinje wa Kama komanso mitsinje yake.
Amasankha mitsinje yamadzi othamanga komanso othamanga, simudzawawona m'madzi am'madzi, m'madziwe ndi m'madzi. Amayesetsa kuti asayandikire kugombe, amakhala pansi. Akuluakulu amasankha milingo yakuya, achichepere akumwa m'madzi osaya, pafupi ndi malo omwe kale zimaswanirana.
Iyi ndi nsomba yophunzirira, koma masukulu ndi ochepa. Kusintha malo ake chaka chonse. M'dzinja umatsikira kumtsinje kufunafuna maiwe akuya, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa masika kumatuluka. Ngati alibe oxygen yokwanira, amayang'ana akasupe, mayendedwe ake, pomwe amapezeka ambiri nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Sopa imakula pang'onopang'ono, koyambirira kwa masentimita 5 pachaka, kenako pang'onopang'ono. Koma akamakula amayamba kunenepa komanso kunenepa. Kudziwa nsomba ya soopa imawoneka bwanji, mutha kudziwa zaka zakubadwa. Mwachidziwitso, diso loyera limatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 15. Koma pakuchita, samakhala ndi moyo mpaka pano. Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kwa moyo sikudutsa mzere wazaka 8.
Sopa amadyetsa zamoyo zazing'ono zam'madzi - zooplankton. Awa ndi ma crustaceans ang'onoang'ono, ma molluscs, abulu amadzi, nkhanu, mphutsi zosiyanasiyana ndi ma rotifers. Nthawi zina zimatha kudya ndi udzu wam'madzi. Kukula, amasokoneza menyu ndi nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo.
Kukhoza kubereka kumawoneka mwa amuna ali ndi zaka 4, komanso kwa akazi pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Pakadali pano, nsombazi zimafika kukula ndi kulemera zomwe zimakhala zosangalatsa kwa asodzi, ndipo amuna amakhala ndi mawanga oyera pamutu pawo.
Kubzala kumayamba kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi, pomwe kutentha kwamadzi kumakhala pafupifupi madigiri 12. kutentha. Malo obzala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi miyala kapena dongo pansi komanso pakali pano. Caviar ya sopa ndi yayikulu, nsomba imaponyera kamodzi.
Kugwira sopa
Nthawi yabwino yosodza ndi pafupifupi masabata awiri mutayambika, pomwe mphesa imayamba kudya itatha. Munthawi imeneyi, ndi bwino kuwedza ndi ndodo ndi zolowera - Bolognese kapena mast. Koma anthu ambiri amakonda wodyetsa, chifukwa ndi wamphamvu kwambiri ndipo amaponyera patsogolo.
Ndibwino ngakhale mutakhala ndi mbali pansi, kuphatikiza "kulira", chifukwa ndikosavuta kupeza bwato lokoka bwato. Chifukwa cha kukoka kwa nsomba kuya, ndikofunikira kuigwira m'malo omwe pansi pake pali mita zitatu. M'madzi osaya, mungakumane ndi anyamata. Diso loyera nthawi zina limapezeka pafupi ndi ma hydraulic nyumba, pansi pa milatho ya mlatho.
Fufuzani sopa nsomba pansi pa milatho ndi milu
Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, nsomba zimayamba kukonzekera kukonzekera nyengo yozizira, komanso nthawi yosangalatsa ya asodzi imayamba. Kenako sopa amapeza mafuta ndikukhala okoma makamaka. Mumitsinje yaying'ono, mutha kuigwira ndi zakidushka yosavuta. Pali kulumidwa usana ndi usiku. Pa Volga yodzaza ndi zonse, kugwira sopa ndikosangalatsa kwambiri, kuyenda pa boti yamagalimoto.
M'nyengo yozizira, usodzi pa sopu umadalira nyengo. Ngati pali khasu kunja, kuluma kumakhala kolimba kwambiri. Komabe, kusodza nthawi yachisanu sikungafanane. Nthawi zina mumatha kukhala m'mawa wonse osaluma kanthu. Mukupita kale kunyumba, koma mwadzidzidzi mutatha nkhomaliro nibble yogwira ikuyamba.
Kwa ola limodzi losodza, mutha kudzaza bokosi lanu kumtunda. Nsombazi zimafika mpaka masentimita 20 kukula kwake mpaka 200 g. Kukulirapo, pafupifupi 0,5 makilogalamu, panthawiyi ndikosowa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, wamkulu wamkulu sopa sadzalola kuti atulutsidwe nthawi yomweyo. Ndi yamphamvu, ndipo m'masekondi oyambilira imakana ngati bream wokhazikika.
Muyenera kuchikoka mosamala, pambuyo pake chimapita m'manja mwanu. Kulumidwa kwa ngakhale nsomba yolimba ngati imeneyi ndiwosamala komanso kochenjera, kukumbukira kachingwe kakang'ono kotsekemera. Kugwedeza mutu kumangogwedezeka, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zinthu zazing'ono zikumukoka.
Mufunikabe kulumikiza kuluma kulikonse, iyi ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kuti mupeze sopa. Asodzi odziwa zambiri adati atayang'ana ndodoyo, adapeza munthu wamaso oyera, koma sanawone kulumako komwe. Nthawi zambiri, kupambana kwa kusodza kumadalira kwambiri zomwe msodzi amadziwa komanso kudziletsa.
Kuluma nyengo yachisanu kumatha kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa February, ndipo kumayambiranso koyambirira kwa Marichi. Kupuma kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha mpweya wochepa m'madzi, womwe asodzi amatcha "njala".
Mitundu 5 yabwino kwambiri yogwirira sop
Poganizira zokonda zamaso a maso oyera, omwe sakonda zakudya zamasamba, chakudya chamapuloteni ndicho nyambo yabwino kwambiri. Nyambo imatengedwa ngati bream ndi carp ina. Mutha kupanga "sangweji" kuchokera kuziphatikizi zosiyanasiyana.
Zingwe zomwe sopa amaluma bwino:
- Mphungu - mphutsi ya udzudzu wa fiber, kukula kwa 10-12 mm, nthawi zambiri imakhala yofiira. Ndi nyambo yabwino kwambiri yophera mitundu yambiri ya nsomba nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Anagulitsa m'masitolo ambiri osodza.
- Mphutsi - nyongolotsi ya ntchentche ya nyama. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi nyambo yabwino kwambiri chifukwa ndiyoti imayenda, imawonekera m'madzi amatope ndipo imakopa nsomba. Kutanuka kwa khungu kumakupatsani mwayi wogwira nsomba zopitilira imodzi pa mphutsi. Ngati kulumako kumatsatizana, nsomba 10 zimatha kugwidwa ndi mphutsi popanda kusintha.
- Nyongolotsi... Nyambo yotchuka kwambiri ya asodzi. Zosiyanasiyana, zosafuna ndalama zambiri, zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta. Mutha kugwira nsomba iliyonse nayo, ngakhale nsomba zamphaka. Ngati mumakhala kunja kwa mzindawo, ndikokwanira kukumba manyowa kapena chidebe chokhala ndi fosholo, azipezekadi. Malo ogulitsira nsomba athandiza asodzi am'mizinda. Ngati khungu la mbozi limangokhala pachikopa, kulumako kumapitilira.
- Nyongolotsi - osati njira yoyipa, koma osati nthawi zonse. Izi zimachitika kuti simungamupeze ndi moto masana.
- Mphutsi ya njenjete ya Burdock... Nyongolotsi zazing'ono zoyera zokhala ndi mutu wakuda, woboola mbiya, mpaka kukula kwa 3 mm. Amapezeka kuma inflorescence owuma a burdock. Komabe, zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka mumitengo yakuda ya burdock yomwe.
Koma msodzi aliyense amadziwa kuti palibe nyambo yapadziko lonse lapansi, muyenera kuyesa, yang'anani mtundu wanu. Wina angakonde mkate wosenda ndi mafuta a masamba ndi adyo, wina - balere kapena tirigu, wina atenga mtanda wa vanila. Pali okonda zachilendo - amatenga nkhanu, nandolo wobiriwira komanso chokoleti ngati nyambo.
Sopa amaluma bwino pazinyambo zofala kwambiri
Sopa kukoma
Sopa samanunkha ngati nsomba. Ichi ndi chinthu choyenera m'chilengedwe, chomwe sichimaletsedwa ndi akatswiri azakudya, ngakhale zili ndi mafuta ambiri. Izi ndizomwe zimakhalapo pomwe mafuta acids amathandiza kwambiri - pamtima, dongosolo lamanjenje, mitsempha yamagazi, komanso tsitsi, mafupa ndi khungu.
Kapangidwe ka nyama yake kamakhala ndi zinthu zofunikira komanso mchere, womwe timatenga ngati mankhwala, kugula ku pharmacy. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumakhudza kagayidwe kake, kagwiritsidwe kake ka ziwalo zoberekera ndi kugaya chakudya.
Kuchokera pamenepo mutha kukonza khutu, lomwe limakhala lowonekera komanso lamafuta. Masikelo amachotsedwa mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fillet ikhale yosavuta pokonza chilichonse - kukazinga, kuthyola mchere, kusuta, kuphika, kudula nyama kapena nyama yosungunuka. Mchere wopepuka wokhala ndi mchere siwotsika kuposa kukoma kwa zakudya zodziwika bwino za Astrakhan - zoyenda ndi chukhoni. Ndipo ngati nsomba ya caviar ilipo, ndiye kuti ndi chakudya chokoma kwenikweni.
Sopa ndiwotchuka kwambiri.
Makamaka ofunika zouma sopa ndipo zouma. Choyamba, chifukwa cha mafuta ake, amasungidwa bwino mosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, nyama yake ndi yotsekemera, yomwe imathandizira kuti makomedwewo azikonzedwa. Pali mafupa ambiri mu nsomba, omwe amatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta atayanika kapena kuyanika.
Sopa wouma dzuwa yagawidwa mitundu iwiri. Kalasi yoyamba ndi yonenepa, yopanda fungo, yokhala ndi khungu loyera lopanda zolembera komanso zosawonongeka. Kalasi yachiwiri ndi nyama yofooka pang'ono, mchere wambiri komanso kununkhira pang'ono kwamtsinje. Nyama yosalala yonyezimira ndiyabwino komanso yokoma ikaphatikizidwa ndi masamba ndi zipatso, ndi batala ndi buledi, ngakhale palokha.
