Chilengedwe nthawi zonse chimachita mogwirizana ndi malamulo ake, ndiye yekha amene amasankha mitundu ingati ya nyama yomwe ipangidwe. "Imatengera" oimira ena osasintha, m'mitundu yambiri. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa mitunduyo pakati pawo, imakhala yofanana. Ndipo anthu ena akuyenera kukhala m'modzi, titero - chitsanzo chapadera.
Mbalame mu nyama za ku Russia kubwezera yekha, abale ake onse apabanja mwa kubadwa Tarsiger khalani kunja. Komabe, kumaiko akutali a dziko lathu komanso ku Europe, nthawi zambiri imangopezeka m'miyezi yachilimwe-chilimwe. Mwina ndichifukwa chake tili ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi kanyimbo kakang'ono kanyimbo. Tiyeni timudziwe bwino.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Zogulitsa mbalame yaying'ono, ngakhale mpheta ndi yayikulu kuposa iye. Kulemera kwake, kumafikira 18 g, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 15 cm, komwe pafupifupi 6.5 cm ndi mchira. Mapikowo amakula mpaka masentimita 8, m'litali mwa masentimita 21-24. Kuyang'ana champhongo, sikumveka bwino chifukwa mbalameyi idatchedwa bluetail. Kupatula apo, alibe mchira wowala wabuluu okha, komanso msana, mapewa, mchira.
Masaya ali ndi mtundu wonenepa kwambiri, wosinthira mbali zonse ziwiri za khosi. Kuchokera pakamwa kakang'ono kakuda kupita kukachisi pali njira zoyera mwezi, zokongoletsa bwino maso a mbewa. Pansi pake ponseponse pali mtundu wa mkaka wophika, wokhala ndi malo achikaso dzuwa mbali. Ndi mbali zowala izi, mutha kuzizindikira nthawi yomweyo, kusiyanitsa ndi mtundu wamtambo wamtambo, mwachitsanzo.
Koma yaikazi, monga mbalame zambiri, ili ndi zovala zowoneka bwino kwambiri. Mbali yakumtunda ndi yofiirira, pansi pake ndi poterera. Mbalizo ndi zotumbululuka lalanje. Mchira, mwachizolowezi, ndi wabuluu. Mbalame zazing'ono zimawoneka ngati maloboti kapena ma bluethroats, koma nthawi zonse zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga za mchira wabuluu.
Nthawi zina amuna amasunga mitundu yawo moyo wawo wonse, monga adakali aang'ono, amatchedwa azitona wofiirira ma morphs ndikusokonezeka ndi akazi. Koma mchira wawo ulidi wabuluu, ndipo popita zaka umakhala wowala. Ili ndiye yankho la dzinalo - nthenga zimatha kukhala za mthunzi uliwonse, koma mchira uyenera kukhala ndi nthenga zokha za utoto wa cobalt.
Nyimboyi ndi yosafulumira, yabwino, imayamba mwakachetechete, koma pang'onopang'ono imamveka. Zimaphatikizapo kubwereza kangapo kwa trill yemweyo "chuu-ei ... chuli-chuli". Mawu a Bluetail chimamveka mokweza makamaka m'mawa kwambiri kapena usiku wowala, ngakhale amatha kuyimba nthawi iliyonse masana.
Mwamuna amatsogolera nyimboyo mwachangu, ndipo amasamala kwambiri ndipo nthawi zonse amayesetsa kubisala kuti asayang'ane. Amayesa mpaka pakati pa chilimwe, ndipo nthawi zina nyimbo yokhayo yomwe ingamupatse. Ngati mbalameyo ili ndi nkhawa, phokoso lake limamveka kwambiri, mwadzidzidzi komanso kumveka bwino, kwinaku ikugwedeza mchira ndi mapiko ake. Pachisa, chachikazi chimayimba "woyenera", ndipo chachimuna chimayimba "vark-wark". Ndipo pouluka, amatulutsa zikwangwani zoyitanira "chatekinoloje, chatekinoloje ...", zofananira ndi zizindikilo za phwiti.
Mverani mawu abodza:
Mitundu
Dzina la Genus Tarsiger, amadziwika kwa ife monga kubwezera kuchokera ku banja la osaka ntchentche za anthu odutsa, amachokera ku Chigriki tarssos "Mapazi apansi" ndi Chilatini apa "Kunyamula". Mulinso mitundu isanu ndi umodzi, asanu aku Asia ndipo m'modzi waku Europe - heroine wathu Tarsiger cyanurus.
Ndi ofanana ndi iye:
- Nightingale yoyera (phwando loyera loyera kapena Indian bluetail) Chizindikiro cha Tarsiger. Amakhala m'derali kuyambira kumapiri a Himalaya mpaka pakati ndi kumwera kwa China ndi Taiwan. Malo okhala achilengedwe - nkhalango zowoneka bwino komanso nkhalango za rhododendron. Mtundu, ndi wofanana ndi wamba wamba. Yamphongo ili ndi msana wabuluu komanso bere lachikaso, mchira wake ndi wabuluu-bulauni. Imakongoletsedwanso ndi mizere yoyera ngati matalala yomwe imadutsa m'maso kuchokera pamphuno mpaka kumbuyo. Akazi, mwachizolowezi, ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri.
Indian bluetail ili ndi dzina lachiwiri loyera loyera loyera
- Nightingale wamabele ofiyira (robi wofiira) Tarsiger hyperuthrus. Amakhala ku Bangladesh, Bhutan, kumwera ndi kumadzulo kwa China, komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India, kumpoto kwa Myanmar ndi ku Nepal. Amaona nkhalango zosakanikirana kukhala zabwino. Mwamuna, kumbuyo kwake kwamtambo kumayikidwa bwino ndi bere lofiira.
- Nightingale waku Taiwan (kolala robin kapena Johnston robin) Tarsiger johnstoniae. Odwala Taiwan (mtundu wabwinowu). Ndinasankha kukhala m'nkhalango zamapiri ndi zam'munsi pamtunda wa 2-2.8 km. M'nyengo yozizira nthawi zambiri imatsikira kuzigwa. Mwamuna amakhala ndi mutu wamakala wokhala ndi nsidze zotuwa. Mchira ndi mapiko ake amakhalanso ofiira. Mabere okoma. Pachifuwa ndi pamapewa, ngati kolala, pali kolala yofiira yamoto.
Kujambula ndi Taiwanese nightingale (kolala robin)
- Himalaya bluetail Tarsiger rufilatus. Wachibale wapamtima wa wamba wamba. M'mbuyomu amawona ngati subspecies. Koma, mosiyana ndi heroine wathu, iye si mlendo wakutali, amangoyenda mtunda waufupi mkati mwa Himalaya. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wake ndi wowala komanso wolemera kuposa mbalame yaku Russia. Amakonda zitsamba zonyowa mokweza m'mapiri, mitengo yamipira, nthawi zambiri amabisala m'nkhalango zobiriwira zobiriwira za coniferous.
- Nightingale wagolide (golide wa shrub wagolide) Chrusaeus wa Tarsiger. Ankakhala kumpoto kwa Hindustan komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Amapezeka mosavuta ku Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tibet, Thailand ndi Vietnam. Malo okhala ndi nkhalango zotentha. Mitunduyi imawonetsedwa ndi chifuwa chamoto chagolide, pakhosi, masaya ndi kolala. Kuphatikiza apo, mchira wakuda bulauni uli ndi nthenga zambiri zachikaso. Pamwamba pa maso - oblong golide mawanga.
Gold-Tailed Nightingale Robin
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mbalame yokongola imakhala gawo lalikulu la Eurasia - kuchokera ku Estonia kupita ku Korea, kudutsa Russia Siberia yonse. Kum'mwera, mitunduyi imakhudza India, Pakistan ndi Thailand. Moyo wama Bluetail komanso ku Kazakhstan ndi Nepal. Koma makamaka amasankha madera okhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Zinthu zabwino kwambiri kwa iye ndi taiga kapena nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi dothi lonyowa komanso zopumira mphepo. Amakonda malo okwera kwambiri m'mapiri - mpaka 1200-2000 m pamwamba pamadzi.
Komabe, amakhala chaka chonse m'malo ochepa a India ndi Korea. Ndipo mpumulo wonsewo ndi malo ake okhala zisa. Bluetail ndi mbalame yosamuka, ndipo m'malo ena ndi mbalame yonyamula yokha. Kuuluka, imaima m'nkhalango zowirira pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Kusuntha kwa masika bluetail adawona kuyambira mkatikati mwa Meyi.
Mchira wa buluu samakonda kusonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 10-15, nthawi zambiri amakhala okha. Amakonda kubisala munthambi zowirira zosakhala pamwamba panthaka. Kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikosiyana. Zimachitika kuti amuna oimba amamvekera mita iliyonse. Ndipo nthawi zina, mutayenda makilomita angapo, simumva mawu ofanana.
Bluetail pachithunzichi amawoneka wanzeru kwambiri mu cobalt Cape, koma ndizovuta kumuwona ndikumujambula. Ndi mbalame zonyozeka, ndipo yesetsani kuti musawonekere. Amayenda pansi ndikudumphadumpha, nthawi zambiri akugwedeza mchira wawo. Kukwera mozama nkhuni.
Amasamukira m'nyengo yozizira koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Ngakhale nthawi zina mbalame zokhazokha zimakumana mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Ali mu ukapolo, michira ya buluu imakhala modekha, osamenya motsutsana ndi ndodo, musachite mantha mukatsuka khola. Nkhondo pakati pawo ndizochepa, komabe, chifukwa cha kusungulumwa, ndibwino kuti azisiyanitsa ndi mbalame zina.
Zakudya zabwino
Mbalamezi zimagwira ntchito masana, makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndi nthawi yomwe amasaka. Mchira wabuluu umadyetsa tizilombo - kafadala ndi mphutsi zawo, akangaude, mbozi, ntchentche ndi udzudzu. Akuluakulu amadya zipatso ndi mbewu nthawi yophukira. Chakudya chimapezeka paliponse - pansi, mumitengo, Nthawi zina amachigwira pa ntchentche, akuwonetsa kusunthika kochititsa chidwi, chifukwa chake amatumizidwa kwa opeza.
Omwe amasunga bulleti mu khola amadziwa kuti imadya phala la mbalame zomwe zimadya ndi chilakolako. Izi zimachitika kuti mbalame, mopanda mantha, imatha kutenga chakudya chokoma - nyongolotsi. Chimodzi mwazofunikira ndi madzi oyera mu khola ndi kamtengo kakang'ono kuti mwana akwerepo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Maanja amapangidwa nthawi yachisanu, pafupi ndi nyengo yokhwima. Mwamuna amakopa bwenzi lake pomuyimbira trill m'mawa. Mutha kumva zonse masika. Kumayambiriro kwa Juni mbalame zimayamba kumanga zisa. Zisa zimamangidwa m'ming'alu, m'ming'alu, pakati pa mizu kapena pakatikati pa mitengo, pakati pa miyala yodzala ndi moss.
Chisa chimakhala chotsika, mpaka mita imodzi pamwamba pa nthaka, zimachitika kuti ili pachitsa chachikulire kapena pansi. Masamba ouma, singano, moss amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Kapangidwe kamawoneka ngati mbale yakuya, chachikazi chimakonzekeretsa. Mkati mwake muli ndi nthenga, pansi, ubweya wa nyama.
Pofundira pali mazira 5-7 okhala ndi nthiti ya beige kumapeto kopindika ndi timadontho tating'onoting'ono tofiirira. Anapiye amawoneka patatha milungu iwiri akusamalitsa. Nthenga zawo ndi motley, mumayendedwe ofiira-bulauni. Onse makolo amatenga mbali kudyetsa anapiye, kuwuluka kukafunafuna chakudya kangapo patsiku.
Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri ina, anapiyewo amasiya chisa chawo nayamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha, ndipo makolo amatha kuyamba zowalamulira zachiwiri. M'nyengo yotentha, mbalame zosatopa zimatha kutulutsa ana awiri pamapiko. Mbalame zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 5.
